the effect of the particle size distribution on non-newtonian turbulent ...

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Chapter 5 Discussion Page 5.13 5.7 CONCLUSIONS Experimental work has been conducted using homogeneous non-Newtonian slurries and <strong>the</strong> analysis and discussion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> results has been presented. As can be seen from <strong>the</strong> results Slatter's model best predicts <strong>the</strong> turbulent flow <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>oretical models which were considered. From <strong>the</strong> evidence it can be concluded that <strong>the</strong>oretical models based on <strong>the</strong> <strong>particle</strong> roughness <strong>effect</strong> are justified in adopting <strong>the</strong> approach and in fact <strong>the</strong> <strong>particle</strong> roughness <strong>effect</strong> which does exist should be considered in turbulent flow analysis. There is room for improving on <strong>the</strong> Slatter model and fur<strong>the</strong>r test work should be conducted to fur<strong>the</strong>r vindicate or disprove <strong>the</strong> assumption on which <strong>the</strong> model is based but <strong>the</strong> <strong>particle</strong> roughness <strong>effect</strong> is defmitely a viable starting point to consider in <strong>the</strong> turbulent flow <strong>of</strong> homogeneous non-Newtonian suspensions. The following conclusions can be drawn from <strong>the</strong> discussion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> results and analysis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> test data: • A <strong>particle</strong> roughness <strong>effect</strong> does exist. • Fur<strong>the</strong>r investigation is required and a large data base should be established to accurately determine <strong>the</strong> limit <strong>of</strong> validity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>particle</strong> roughness <strong>effect</strong> • The d 85 <strong>size</strong> does not necessarily give <strong>the</strong> best representative <strong>particle</strong> <strong>size</strong> for <strong>the</strong> <strong>particle</strong> roughness <strong>effect</strong> but will depend on <strong>the</strong> shape <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> PSD. • The viscous sub-layer cannot exist if it is smaller than <strong>the</strong> <strong>particle</strong>s which comprise <strong>the</strong> slurry and <strong>the</strong> continuum approximation must be compromised in turbulent flow analysis. • The viscous sub-layer breaks down for Re, > 3,32 which is at a viscous sub-layer thickness <strong>of</strong> approximately" = 3*d 85 for <strong>the</strong> Slatter model. For <strong>the</strong> Maude & Whitmore (1956, 1958) correlation <strong>the</strong> viscous sub-layer breaks down when <strong>the</strong> <strong>particle</strong> diameter is greater than half <strong>the</strong> thickness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> viscous sub-layer. Fur<strong>the</strong>r investigation is required to accurately predict <strong>the</strong> exact point at which <strong>the</strong> viscous sub-
Chapter 5 Discussion Page 5.14 layer does break down. • There are fewer large <strong>particle</strong>s present in <strong>the</strong> viscous sub-layer per square meter than would be anticipated for a <strong>particle</strong> roughness <strong>effect</strong>. • Slatter's model can be used for scale-up <strong>of</strong>pipes with different roughnesses without having to use an estimated pressure gradient which a downfall <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Bowen method. • The friction factor is constant with increasing Reynolds Numbers and vindicates <strong>the</strong> <strong>particle</strong> roughness approach adopted by Slatter. • The solids Particle Size Distribution is an important property <strong>of</strong>a slurry for turbulent flow behaviour and should be used to determine <strong>the</strong> <strong>particle</strong> roughness <strong>effect</strong>. The <strong>particle</strong> roughness <strong>effect</strong> should be incorporated in <strong>the</strong> turbulent analysis <strong>of</strong> non Newtonian slurries.
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THE EFFECT OF THE PARTICLE SIZE DIS
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Preamble DECLARATION Page iii I, Ga
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Preamble NOMENCLATURE Svrnbol Descr
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Chapter I For example: Introduction
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