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Consumo de ancho de banda: conversaciones tradicionales consumen 64 Kb de ancho de banda (equivalente en una red). Cuando se realiza este tráfico a través de una red IP, este ancho de banda se puede comprimir y digitalizar (a través de procesadores digitales de señales) hasta 5.3 Kb. Una vez que estos paquetes son enviados a la red IP, los encabezados (IP/UDP/RTP) se agregan (alrededor de 40 bytes por paquete de voz). Otras tecnologías como RTP Header Compression pueden comprimir estos encabezados a 2 bytes (ver figura 5.1); VAD (voice activity detection) no envía paquetes de voz a menos que la conversación esté activa. Existen una serie de pasos para configurar voz sobre IP en un router Cisco de la serie 3600. Estos pasos son los siguientes: 5.1.1 Configurar la red para que soporte tráfico de voz en tiempo real Esta configuración se logra a partir de la activación y configuración de diferentes herramientas de calidad y servicio (QoS) (se detallan las herramientas que se aconseja emplear para la realización del nuevo enlace): RSVP: debido a que los paquetes de voz son de longitud variable y se transmiten por ráfagas, este protocolo que trocea los paquetes de datos grandes y da prioridad a los paquetes de voz en el caso de que haya una congestión en el router. Se aconseja la utilización de esta herramienta si la implementación de voz es a pequeña escala, se busca la mejor calidad de voz, hay enlaces de alta utilización o enlaces menores a 2 Mbps. Se aconseja la utilización de esta herramienta en ambos routers (para realizar el nuevo enlace inalámbrico si el ancho de banda es menor a los 2 Mbps). Esta herramienta se puede programar mediante el comando ip rsvp bandwidth [interfaz-kbps] [flujo-simple-kbps] 48
El valor interfaz se reemplaza con el máximo ancho de banda que se desea reservar para el tráfico de voz; el valor flujo-simple indica el máximo ancho de banda que puede consumir una sola conversación (este valor puede tener un máximo de un 75% del valor interfaz. RSVP es la única herramienta de QoS que se aconseja emplear para la realización del enlace inalámbrico deseado (si el enlace logrado es menor a los 2 Mbps). Existen otras herramientas que sólo se mencionarán, pero no se describirán pues no es necesario emplearlas para el mencionado enlace: Multilink PPP: se emplea únicamente en interfaces multienlace. RTP Header Compression: se emplea para interfaces seriales (ver descripción del apartado “consumo de ancho de banda” en la parte inicial de este capítulo). Se aconseja emplear esta herramienta en enlaces lentos y si se necesita ahorrar ancho de banda. Queuning: se emplea para definir prioridades a cierto tipo de tráfico. Se aconseja emplear esta herramienta en redes con un ancho de banda congestionado. 49
Page 1 and 2: Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Ric
Page 3 and 4: AGRADECIMIENTO Agradezco a los Inge
Page 5 and 6: Abstract The main objective of this
Page 7 and 8: 5.3 PROGRAMACIÓN DE LAS INTERFACES
Page 9 and 10: FIGURA 6.5 GRÁFICO QUE MUESTRA LA
Page 11 and 12: CAPÍTULO 1: INTRODUCCIÓN 11
Page 13 and 14: El proyecto de graduación se reali
Page 15 and 16: 1.4 Objetivos Específicos 1. Reali
Page 17 and 18: CAPÍTULO 2: ANTECEDENTES 17
Page 19 and 20: La figura 2.1 muestra un diagrama d
Page 21 and 22: SWITCH 0 SWITCH 1 SWITCH 2 SWITCH 7
Page 23 and 24: 2.3 Solución propuesta Se desea en
Page 25 and 26: SWITCH 0 SWITCH 1 SWITCH 2 SWITCH 7
Page 27 and 28: CAPÍTULO 3: PROCEDIMIENTO METODOL
Page 29 and 30: 3.3 Escoger diferentes métodos par
Page 31 and 32: 3.10 Distribución física Esta eta
Page 33 and 34: Como ya se ha mencionado anteriorme
Page 35 and 36: Del mismo modo, los router cuentan
Page 37 and 38: Figura 4.3 Módulo serial de un pue
Page 39 and 40: Figura 4.9 Tarjeta de Interfaz de v
Page 41 and 42: Packeteer (Intelligent Bandwidth Ma
Page 43 and 44: Sistema Global de Posicionamiento U
Page 45 and 46: Figura 4.13 Vista frontal del GPS M
Page 47: 5.1 Configuración de voz sobre IP
Page 51 and 52: Figura 5.2 Segmentos de llamada vis
Page 53 and 54: eq-qos [ best-effort | controlled-l
Page 55 and 56: Los números de teléfono se pueden
Page 57 and 58: El siguiente paso consiste en progr
Page 59 and 60: Tabla 5.4 Descripción de los coman
Page 61 and 62: 5.5 Configuración de los puertos d
Page 63 and 64: destino específico. “número1”
Page 65 and 66: 5.6 Configuración del Puente Inal
Page 67 and 68: La figura 5.4 muestra una vista gen
Page 69 and 70: Diagnostics: permite realizar prueb
Page 71 and 72: Frequency: establece la frecuencia
Page 73 and 74: CAPÍTULO 6: ANÁLISIS Y RESULTADOS
Page 75 and 76: La figura 6.10 muestra un gráfico
Page 77 and 78: Figura 6.3 Eficiencia de la red de
Page 79 and 80: Figura 6.7 Gráfico que muestra la
Page 81 and 82: Figura 6.11 Gráfico que muestra la
Page 83 and 84: Unisys de Centroamérica desea tras
Page 85 and 86: 6.2.3 Segmentos de Red También se
Page 87 and 88: hUNISYS : es la altura completa del
Page 89 and 90: Figura 6.15 Diagrama de la ubicaci
Page 91 and 92: La altura de 13.05 metros de la tor
Page 93 and 94: CAPÍTULO 7: CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMEN
Page 95 and 96: No se requiere que en Unisys de Cen
Page 97 and 98: ANEXOS 98
Page 99 and 100:
ANEXOS 96
Page 101 and 102:
Configuring Voice Ports This chapte
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Validation Tips Step Command Purpos
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Step Command Purpose Configuring E&
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Validation Tips Fine-Tuning E&M Voi
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Activating the Voice Port Step Comm
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• Activating the Voice Port Confi
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Fine-Tuning FXO and FXS Voice Ports
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Step Command Purpose Configuring E&
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Step Command Purpose Fine-Tuning E&
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Anexo 2: Configuración de VoIP en
Page 123 and 124:
2 Voice over IP Quick Start Guide
Page 125 and 126:
Installing Voice Network Modules an
Page 127 and 128:
Installing Voice Network Modules an
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Voice Port Numbering Voice Port Num
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Entering Configuration Mode Enterin
Page 133 and 134:
Configuring the IP Network for Real
Page 135 and 136:
Configuring the IP Network for Real
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Configuring FXS Interfaces Configur
Page 139 and 140:
Configuring FXS Interfaces 18 Voice
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Configuring FXS Interfaces Wild Car
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Configuring FXS Interfaces 22 Voice
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Configuring FXO Interfaces Configur
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Configuring E&M Interfaces Configur
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Configuring E&M Interfaces 28 Voice
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List of Terms List of Terms This se
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Cisco Connection Online Cisco Conne
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CHAPTER Configuring Voice over IP f
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Prerequisites Tasks Prerequisites T
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Configuration Tasks To configure Vo
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Configure RSVP for Voice Enable RSV
Page 163 and 164:
You should configure Multilink PPP
Page 165 and 166:
Enable RTP Header Compression on a
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Frame Relay for Voice over IP Confi
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Table 2-1 Sample Number Expansion T
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Figure 2-5 Outgoing Calls from the
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Configure POTS Peers To configure t
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Configure VoIP Peers Verify Tips Co
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• Call progress tone using the cp
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Fine-Tune FXO and FXS Voice Ports T
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Step Command Purpose Fine-Tune E&M
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Configure CODEC and VAD for Dial Pe
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Step 8 Click the Up button until th
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Limit TCP Transactions Limit TCP Tr
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Establish Queueing and Congestion S
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Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Modify the System Buffer Size To di
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Performance Management Examples The
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4-2 • output attenuation • port
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Command Syntax Conventions Command
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acc-qos 4-6 Example The following e
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answer-address 4-8 Example The foll
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comfort-noise comfort-noise 4-10 To
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cptone cptone 4-12 To configure a v
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description description To include
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destination-pattern 4-16 Related Co
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dial-peer voice dial-peer voice 4-1
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echo-cancel coverage echo-cancel co
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echo-cancel enable echo-cancel enab
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fax-rate fax-rate 4-24 To establish
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icpif icpif 4-26 To specify the Cal
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input gain input gain To configure
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ip udp checksum ip udp checksum 4-3
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non-linear non-linear 4-32 To enabl
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operation operation To select a spe
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port port 4-36 To associate a dial
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eq-qos req-qos 4-38 To specify the
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ing number ring number To specify t
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session target session target 4-42
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show call active voice show call ac
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show call active voice 4-46 Table 4
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show call history voice show call h
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show call history voice 4-50 Table
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show dial-peer voice 4-52 The follo
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show dialplan incall number show di
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show num-exp show num-exp 4-56 To s
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show voice port 4-58 Voice card spe
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show voice port 4-60 Table 4-7 Show
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shutdown (voice-port configuration)
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signal 4-64 Note If you change the
Page 265 and 266:
snmp-server enable traps snmp-serve
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snmp-server enable traps 4-68 The s
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timeouts initial timeouts initial 4
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timing clear-wait timing clear-wait
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timing delay-start timing delay-sta
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timing digit timing digit To specif
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timing pulse timing pulse To specif
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timing wink-duration timing wink-du
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type type 4-82 To specify the E&M i
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vad vad 4-84 To enable voice activi
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Anexo 4: Guía de antenas y accesor
Page 287 and 288:
Table 26-15: Physical and Environme
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Software Ordering Information Softw
Page 291 and 292:
Installation Notes Installation Not
Page 293 and 294:
Anexo 5: Manual de usuario de los p
Page 295 and 296:
THE SPECIFICATIONS AND INFORMATION
Page 297 and 298:
Contents About the User’s Guide .
Page 299 and 300:
Contents iii Setting the Forwarding
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Chapter 9 - Viewing Statistics Cont
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Appendix A -Aironet 340 Series Brid
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x Aironet 340 Series Bridge Chapter
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xii Aironet 340 Series Bridge Welco
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xiv Aironet 340 Series Bridge Radio
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xvi Aironet 340 Series Bridge Paren
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xviii Aironet 340 Series Bridge The
Page 315 and 316:
Part 1 - Getting Started Part 1 - G
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1 - 2 Aironet 340 Series Bridge Bef
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1 - 4 Aironet 340 Series Bridge 2.
Page 321 and 322:
1 - 6 Aironet 340 Series Bridge Ins
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1 - 8 Aironet 340 Series Bridge Att
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1 - 10 Aironet 340 Series Bridge Ty
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Chapter 2 - Accessing the Console S
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Sub-Menus Each menu contains the fo
Page 331 and 332:
Accessing the Console System 2 - 5
Page 333 and 334:
Web Access Accessing the Console Sy
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Accessing the Console System 2 - 9
Page 337 and 338:
Using the Configuration Console Men
Page 339 and 340:
Controlling SNMP access to the conf
Page 341 and 342:
Setting the Communication Port Para
Page 343 and 344:
Monitoring of the DTR Signal Access
Page 345 and 346:
Chapter 3 - Before You Begin CHAPTE
Page 347 and 348:
Before You Begin 3 - 3 Time: Used t
Page 349 and 350:
Chapter 4 - Configuring the Radio N
Page 351 and 352:
Using the Configuration Radio Menu
Page 353 and 354:
Configuring the Radio Network 4 - 5
Page 355 and 356:
Page 357 and 358:
Packet Encryption (Privacy Menu) Co
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Page 361 and 362:
Page 363 and 364:
Viewing Errors (Errors) Configuring
Page 365 and 366:
Page 367 and 368:
Roaming Notification Mode (Roaming)
Page 369 and 370:
Chapter 5 - Configuring the Etherne
Page 371 and 372:
Configuring the Ethernet Port 5 - 3
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6 - 2 Aironet 340 Series Bridge Usi
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6 - 4 Aironet 340 Series Bridge 2.
Page 377 and 378:
Chapter 7 - Configuring Mobile IP C
Page 379 and 380:
Configuring Mobile IP 7 - 3 On a fo
Page 381 and 382:
Configuring Mobile IP 7 - 5 work. T
Page 383 and 384:
Chapter 8 - Using the Spanning Tree
Page 385 and 386:
Understanding Loops Using the Spann
Page 387 and 388:
Using the Spanning-Tree Protocol 8
Page 389 and 390:
Establishing Timeouts Node Address
Page 391 and 392:
Using the Configuration STP Menu (R
Page 393 and 394:
Page 395 and 396:
Page 397 and 398:
Setting the Local Port Priority (Pr
Page 399 and 400:
Viewing the Port State (State) Usin
Page 401 and 402:
Chapter 9 - Viewing Statistics CHAP
Page 403 and 404:
Throughput Statistics (Throughput)
Page 405 and 406:
Error Statistics Viewing Statistics
Page 407 and 408:
Displaying Overall Status (Status)
Page 409 and 410:
Viewing Statistics 9 - 9 2. Type th
Page 411 and 412:
Displaying Node Information (Node)
Page 413 and 414:
Chapter 10 - Setting Up the Associa
Page 415 and 416:
Using the Association Menu Setting
Page 417 and 418:
Setting Up the Association Table 10
Page 419 and 420:
Setting Up the Association Table 10
Page 421 and 422:
Chapter 11 - Using Filters CHAPTER
Page 423 and 424:
Using Filters 11 - 3 n Both: Packet
Page 425 and 426:
Filtering Node Addresses (Node) Usi
Page 427 and 428:
Displaying the IP to Network Addres
Page 429 and 430:
Setting the Default Action (Default
Page 431 and 432:
Í To Add a Filter Using the Monito
Page 433 and 434:
If you type llc: a. When you select
Page 435 and 436:
Using Filters 11 - 15 The contents
Page 437 and 438:
Chapter 12 - Setting Up Event Logs
Page 439 and 440:
Setting Up Event Logs 12 - 3 Node
Page 441 and 442:
Error Logs Severe Error Logs “Cat
Page 443 and 444:
Lost our association, new specified
Page 445 and 446:
Setting Up Event Logs 12 - 9 NOTE:
Page 447 and 448:
Setting Statistic Parameters (Stati
Page 449 and 450:
The following trap messages will be
Page 451 and 452:
Chapter 13 - Performing Diagnostics
Page 453 and 454:
Performing Diagnostics 13 - 3 are d
Page 455 and 456:
Physically Locating a Unit (Find) P
Page 457 and 458:
Performing Diagnostics 13 - 7 4. Th
Page 459 and 460:
Performing Diagnostics 13 - 9 5. Se
Page 461 and 462:
Performing Diagnostics 13 - 11 4. I
Page 463 and 464:
Performing Diagnostics 13 - 13 If t
Page 465 and 466:
Appendix A - Aironet 340 Series Bri
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Console Port Pin-Out The Console Po
Page 469 and 470:
B-2 Aironet 340 Series Bridge Conti
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B-4 Aironet 340 Series Bridge Broad
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B-6 Aironet 340 Series Bridge Desti
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C-2 Aironet 340 Series Bridge The I
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C-4 Aironet 340 Series Bridge The I
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C-6 Aironet 340 Series Bridge The U
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C-8 Aironet 340 Series Bridge The S
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C-10 Aironet 340 Series Bridge MIBI
Page 485 and 486:
C-12 Aironet 340 Series Bridge The
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Page 489 and 490:
Page 491 and 492:
Page 493 and 494:
Appendix E - Regulatory Information
Page 495 and 496:
Department of Communications—Cana
Page 497 and 498:
E-5
Page 499 and 500:
LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN GROUP G
Page 501:
LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN GROUP C
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