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CIP Philosophy
The production process must be designed to incorporate a selected cleaning
philosophy from its inception. Design criteria may include separation of CIP
circuits by functional process areas, common CIP supply and return piping for
a variety of vessel sizes, and integration of process piping for conveying
CIP fluids.
CIPable Design
All equipment in this process must be designed to be CIPable or easily removed for
manual cleaning. The sprays must be designed giving consideration not only to just
minimum coverage requirements, but also maintenance of adequate velocities in all
vessel CIP-related piping. The vessel outlet valves and outlet piping must be given
consideration not only just for process flow rate, but also the generally higher CIP
flow requirement. And, the individual equipment components in the process must
be cleanable by spray methods. Vessels are the major item of equipment in most
processes and this chapter will discuss vessel CIP. Figures 1and 2inChapter 1
illustrate atypical vessel and define the CIP issues of concern.
CIP Programs
The cleaning flush, wash, and rinse solutions and the cleaning regime,
i.e., combination of time, solution temperature, and chemical concentration must
be capable of loosening and suspending the soil for subsequent removal.
Other chapters of this book provide detailed information on the above and
related subjects.
TYPES OF SPRAY DEVICES
Franks and Seiberling
Thereare two basic types of spray devices utilized in this industry,those being fixed
type and rotating type. Rotating sprays, especially those designed to provide
physical impact on all surfaces, are less suitable for permanent installation in
these types of applications, but areoften applied in other industrial and commercial
applications. Fixed sprays devices are by far the more prominent in both
biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical processes. The advantages and disadvantages
of each are reviewed below.
Rotating Spray Devices
Rotating or “dynamic” spray devices areavailable in two types, single axis and dual
axis. The single-axis type is sometimes described as “spinners.” Most rotating spray
devices of either type claim the use of impact or impingement as the means of
accelerating the cleaning process, and using less water and solution. Rotating
sprays by definition have moving components and bearing surfaces. Their inherent
design makes them susceptible to wear (a validation concern) and potential internal
cleanability issues. Foreign particles in recycled wash solutions may make them
susceptible to failure due to lack of rotation. Rotation sensors are sometimes
employed to assure arotating spray is indeed rotating but that adds additional
complexity to the entire process. Rotating sprays can be constructed of stainless
steel, hastelloy, orother alloys, or polytetrafluoroethylene and often include some
nonmetallic type bearing surface in the design. Most single-axis rotating sprays