Microarchitecture Space Studies Report - Technische Universität ...
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Microarchitecture Space Studies Report - Technische Universität ...
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© 1999 all copyrights of the shown projects are with the designers<br />
and the departement for design and architecture at tu münchen<br />
micro architectural space studies<br />
summary␣ report<br />
after Performing Parabolic Flight Experiments on<br />
KC135 (NASA), Houston Texas 10/26 – 10/29/1999<br />
lehrstuhl␣ für␣ entwerfen<br />
u n d ␣ g e b ä u d e l e h r e<br />
univ.␣ prof.␣ richard␣ horden<br />
t u ␣ m ü n c h e n<br />
fakultät␣ für␣ architektur
<strong>Technische</strong> <strong>Universität</strong> München<br />
<strong>Microarchitecture</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>Studies</strong><br />
© 1999 all copyrights of the shown projects are with the designers<br />
and the departement for design and architecture at tu münchen<br />
Summary <strong>Report</strong><br />
Date: 12/06/1999<br />
the Munich <strong>Space</strong> Design Group in front of NASA‘S KC-135 at Ellington<br />
Field, Houston Texas<br />
ltr: Hans Huber, Andreas Vogler, Thomas Dirlich, Claudia Hertrich, Arne Laub, Brigitte Borst, Björn<br />
Bertheau, Bianca Artopé, Ralf Kichner, Julia Habel
<strong>Technische</strong> <strong>Universität</strong> München<br />
<strong>Microarchitecture</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>Studies</strong><br />
Summary <strong>Report</strong><br />
after Performing Parabolic Flight Experiments on KC135 (NASA)<br />
10/26 – 10/29/1999<br />
Experiments: A. FLOW Flexible Onorbit Workstation<br />
B. PHA Personal Hygiene Assistant<br />
C. <strong>Space</strong> Bed Sleep Restraint System<br />
D. BOCS Built-in Onorbit Container System<br />
E. NET Non Effusing Trash receptacle<br />
Prepared by: Munich <strong>Space</strong> Design Group<br />
<strong>Technische</strong> <strong>Universität</strong> München<br />
Lehrstuhl für Entwerfen und Gebäudelehre<br />
Prof. Richard Horden<br />
Checked by: Andreas Vogler, dipl. Arch. ETH<br />
Copyright: Copyright of the designs and there test evaluation is with the Munich<br />
<strong>Space</strong> Design Group, Technical University Munich and specifically with<br />
the named Principal Investigators. Munich 1999<br />
© 1999 all copyrights of the shown projects are with the designers<br />
and the departement for design and architecture at tu münchen<br />
Summary <strong>Report</strong><br />
Date: 12/06/1999
<strong>Technische</strong> <strong>Universität</strong> München<br />
<strong>Microarchitecture</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>Studies</strong><br />
Project: A. FLOW<br />
Title of Investigation: Flexible On-orbit Workstation (flow)<br />
Flight Dates: 27, 28 (unscheduled), 29 Oct 1999<br />
Principal Investigators: Björn Bertheau, Claudia Hertrich, Arne Laub<br />
Goal: Verify the restraining principle and the geometry of the workstation concept<br />
Objective: Test adjustment concepts and mechanisms,<br />
test interface concepts in micro-g environment,<br />
test additional features<br />
Astronaut Mary Ellen Weber testing model a Arne Laub handling model b floating<br />
© 1999 all copyrights of the shown projects are with the designers<br />
and the departement for design and architecture at tu münchen<br />
Postflight <strong>Report</strong><br />
Date: 12/06/1999<br />
Page: A 01
<strong>Technische</strong> <strong>Universität</strong> München<br />
<strong>Microarchitecture</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>Studies</strong><br />
Project: A. FLOW<br />
Introduction:<br />
© 1999 all copyrights of the shown projects are with the designers<br />
and the departement for design and architecture at tu münchen<br />
Postflight <strong>Report</strong><br />
Date: 12/06/1999<br />
Page: A 02<br />
The flow unit is a foldable table with an integrated restraint system designed to be used in a micro gravity<br />
environment. It can be attached to the front of an international standard payload rack (a standardised<br />
modular rack system used for outfitting spacecraft’s and space stations by most space organisations) and<br />
used as an individual workstation to support astronauts in their daily routine at their notebooks, with<br />
handheld experiments and small maintenance tasks. Two flow units can be attached in front of a rack to<br />
extend the working surface. Several units can be paired along a rail to form a wardroom table across the<br />
aisle in a space station module. The basic intention of this design is the outfitting of both wardroom and<br />
working (laboratory) area in the current International <strong>Space</strong> Station concept.<br />
The flow is a system of connected hinges and the correct fit depends on all adjustable angles and lengths. It<br />
was a primary design goal to design the system as simple and intuitive as possible.<br />
The tilt of the tabletop and the distance of the user from the table as well as from the rack surface can be<br />
adjusted.<br />
The integrated immobility aid of the flow is designed to restrain a user in the neutral body posture in micro<br />
gravity. The user can adjust the workstation to his individual body size and use one of three different<br />
restraining actions:<br />
1. The user flexes his calf muscles and lifts his heels, the upper legs presses against the upper plate. The bottom<br />
rotates around the upper plate and is pushed onto the seat plate. The user may have a slight sliding up feeling.<br />
2. The user restrains himself between the two plates by a lift-leg action. With this action, one can be<br />
restrained very forcefully. A forward-rotation force has to be counteracted.<br />
3. The user restrains himself lightly with a lift heel action. He flexes his back muscles; his pelvic bone<br />
rotates and pushes against the seat plate. As a reaction, the upper leg is pressed against the upper<br />
plate.<br />
A self-retracting bungee system helps restrain larger items on the table surface.<br />
The system is open to further developments. A device can be integrated that restrains small objects in<br />
negative airflow on the tabletop. Sockets for power or the ISS common data bus can be incorporated as<br />
well.
<strong>Technische</strong> <strong>Universität</strong> München<br />
<strong>Microarchitecture</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>Studies</strong><br />
Project: A. FLOW<br />
Methods and Materials:<br />
© 1999 all copyrights of the shown projects are with the designers<br />
and the departement for design and architecture at tu münchen<br />
Postflight <strong>Report</strong><br />
Date: 12/06/1999<br />
Page: A 03<br />
The flow system consists of the workstation module and various interface to attach it to a seat track and to<br />
form a wardroom table configuration. Subject of this parabolic-flight campaign was just the module: the restraining<br />
principle, the geometry of the construction and additional design issues.<br />
To test a workstation model in the KC-135 parabolic-flight environment the construction had either to be<br />
braced or extremely tough. We chose the latter option of a free swinging construction for the parabolic flight<br />
test model A, because it is relatively close to an on-orbit configuration and the in-flight adjusting effort could<br />
be reduced.<br />
Another design test model B was constructed to try out the look and feel.<br />
Both models were attached to stands that were mounted on the floor of the plane. All interfaces were just<br />
functional mock-ups.<br />
Procedure:<br />
There are detailed test procedures. This is just a summary of the subject headers of repeated test actions:<br />
Day 1<br />
Ingress / egress model a<br />
Basic adjustment model a<br />
Quick test of adjustment<br />
Fine tuning model a<br />
Test of restraining modes<br />
Test of wrong adjustments model a<br />
Handling model b free floating<br />
Test model a by inexperienced user<br />
Attach model b to stand<br />
Perform tasks on model b (restrained in foot loops)<br />
Day 2<br />
Same as day 1 plus:<br />
Test bungees on model b restrained in foot loops<br />
Perform tasks on model a<br />
Perform tasks on model b (compare)
<strong>Technische</strong> <strong>Universität</strong> München<br />
<strong>Microarchitecture</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>Studies</strong><br />
Project: A. FLOW<br />
Results, Discussion:<br />
© 1999 all copyrights of the shown projects are with the designers<br />
and the departement for design and architecture at tu münchen<br />
Postflight <strong>Report</strong><br />
Date: 12/06/1999<br />
Page: A 04<br />
The flights prove our results from the underwater tests; the restraining principle does work. We got some<br />
insights into the problems users might have with the restraining mechanisms and discussed possible solutions.<br />
Despite the model unique adjustment difficulties (caused by the extreme mass and construction solutions<br />
that we had to choose to match the KC-135 safety criteria) the adjustment system and procedure<br />
prove to be viable. The flight hardware concept model B showed that the handling of the system in micro-g<br />
is no problem. We just found that the interface concept needs more work. Of course the whole engineering<br />
is still in the concept phase.<br />
Conclusion:<br />
We think that the system of the flow table is a solution for several important problems of living in a micro-g<br />
environment. The flight campaign prove the quality of the concept and we could verify our basic assumptions.<br />
Advancing from this, it is possible to develop actual flight hardware.
<strong>Technische</strong> <strong>Universität</strong> München<br />
<strong>Microarchitecture</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>Studies</strong><br />
Project: A. FLOW<br />
Evaluation of questionnaire<br />
All persons who tested the workstation were asked to rate their experience with the models on a<br />
scale from 1 (completely unacceptable) up to 7 (completely acceptable), where 4 was neutral.<br />
Listed is the mean of all the questions answered:<br />
Amount of restraint in general terms 6.44<br />
Amount of restraint while lifting heel 6.67<br />
Amount of restraint while flexing calf 6.2<br />
Amount of restraint while flexing back 6.25<br />
Amount of restraint as compared to foot loops 6.57<br />
Self-explanation of restraining principle 6.83<br />
Comfort of restraint in general terms 6.38<br />
Comfort of restraint regarding the surface of the plates 6.25<br />
Amount of restraint of bungees for restraining small items to tabletop 6.4<br />
Adjusting by an experienced user 6.33<br />
Adjusting by an inexperienced user 7<br />
Basic adjustments of the whole geometry 6.5<br />
Basic adjustments of the restraining system 6.33<br />
Fine tuning according to body size of the whole geometry 6.5<br />
Fine tuning according to body size of the restraining system 6.33<br />
Speed of ingress 7<br />
Speed of egress 7<br />
Ease of ingress 7<br />
Ease of egress 7<br />
Carrying the FLOW design model 6.67<br />
Passing the Flow to another person 7<br />
Use while writing 7<br />
Use while calculating 7<br />
Use while handling objects 7<br />
Use in folded position as a tabletop, restrained in foot loops 7<br />
Interference of the oscillation of the system with performing tasks 6.75<br />
© 1999 all copyrights of the shown projects are with the designers<br />
and the departement for design and architecture at tu münchen<br />
Postflight <strong>Report</strong><br />
Date: 12/06/1999<br />
Page: A
<strong>Technische</strong> <strong>Universität</strong> München<br />
<strong>Microarchitecture</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>Studies</strong><br />
Project: personal hygiene assistant -<br />
pha<br />
Postflight report and evaluation of the<br />
performed Parabolic Flight Experiments on KC135 (NASA)<br />
with PHA Personal Hygiene Assistant<br />
© 1999 all copyrights of the shown projects are with the designers<br />
and the departement for design and architecture at tu münchen<br />
Issue:<br />
Date: 12/02/1999<br />
Page: B 01<br />
Prepared by: Bianca Artopé Date: 12/02/1999<br />
Brigitte Borst<br />
Project Manager: Bianca Artopé<br />
Brigitte Borst
<strong>Technische</strong> <strong>Universität</strong> München<br />
<strong>Microarchitecture</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>Studies</strong><br />
Project: personal hygiene assistant -<br />
pha<br />
Table of Contents<br />
1. Goal<br />
2. Objectives<br />
3. Introduction<br />
4. Methods and Materials<br />
4.1. Subjects<br />
4.2. Instruments<br />
4.3. Procedure<br />
5. Results<br />
6. Discussion<br />
7. Conclusion<br />
8. Reference<br />
9. Evaluation of questionnaires<br />
© 1999 all copyrights of the shown projects are with the designers<br />
and the departement for design and architecture at tu münchen<br />
Issue:<br />
Date: 12/02/1999<br />
Page: B 02<br />
page<br />
03<br />
03<br />
04<br />
04<br />
04<br />
04<br />
05<br />
05<br />
05<br />
06<br />
06<br />
07<br />
08
<strong>Technische</strong> <strong>Universität</strong> München<br />
<strong>Microarchitecture</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>Studies</strong><br />
Project: personal hygiene assistant -<br />
pha<br />
Title: PHA - personal hygiene assistant<br />
Flight Dates: Oct. 26. - Oct. 29.1999<br />
Principal Investigators: Bianca Artopé, Brigitte Borst<br />
Co-Investigators: Andreas Vogler, Constance Adams, Nigel Packham, Hubert<br />
Brasseaux, Ketan S. Chhipwadia, Mary Ellen Weber, Julia Habel, Claudia Hertrich, Ralf<br />
Kircher<br />
1. Goal<br />
Proof the function of PHA in microgravity<br />
2. Objective<br />
Subject of testing is a new full-body cleansing device for astronauts in micro gravity.<br />
It is a well known problem that the three methods of body hygiene - washing, bathing, showering<br />
- are almost not practicable in micro gravity. Right now astronauts use prepacked damp towels<br />
as a substitute for taking a shower.<br />
Since November 1998 we were, in collaboration with JSC, developing the „personal hygiene<br />
assistant“ , short: PHA. This device was tested in a KC135 flight as a new, easy and effective<br />
alternative for full body cleansing.<br />
The device itself - similar to a shower head - is small enough to suit a palm and allows<br />
easy handling, as former tests already proofed. The body of the device holds a sponge in<br />
the middle . The water is injected into the sponge. A cellulose cover on top of the sponge<br />
will be touching the skin during the cleansing process and is able to take off greasy parts<br />
from the skin. This cover will be exchanged more often than the sponge. Like a ring on<br />
the outer edge of the device the suction channels are located. Therefore no water can<br />
escape and the water flow will be controlled. Another advantage is the minimization of<br />
the water consumption. Former tests with the device on the ground show that the principle<br />
functions very well.<br />
KC135 gave us a very important possibility to proof this principle in micro gravity and gain comparable<br />
test data.<br />
© 1999 all copyrights of the shown projects are with the designers<br />
and the departement for design and architecture at tu münchen<br />
Issue:<br />
Date: 12/02/1999<br />
Page: B 03
<strong>Technische</strong> <strong>Universität</strong> München<br />
<strong>Microarchitecture</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>Studies</strong><br />
Project: personal hygiene assistant -<br />
pha<br />
3. Introduction<br />
Goal of the experiments aboard the KC135 was mainly to proof that the personal hygiene assistant<br />
functions well under microgravity.<br />
Besides that we gained experience about the characteristics of the system in reduced gravity.<br />
This data should help for further developement of the device.<br />
The capillary effect of the sponge is an important factor of the well function of the PHA. If the 1-g<br />
force (on the ground) is stronger than the force of the suction, water starts to run down. The<br />
KC135 tests gave us an idea how the capillary effect of the sponge could be used more effectively<br />
in micro gravity.<br />
The goal was to reduce the energy consumption of the water suction in relation to the amount of<br />
injected water. The suction has to be at least strong enough to prevent water from floating away<br />
from the device.<br />
To get an evaluative feedback we were very interested to have many different people test the pha.<br />
Besides the initiators Bianca Artopé and Brigitte Borst we had eight other people from NASA,<br />
TUM and JE test the device in microgravity.<br />
4. Methods and Materials<br />
4.1. Subjects<br />
Subjects of testing were as following:<br />
Basic function<br />
Washing and cleaning effectiveness<br />
Relation between water supply and suction<br />
Usability and Ergonomics<br />
Subjective assessment of washing procedure<br />
4.2. Instruments<br />
Experimental flight hardware aboard the KC135 contained four major components:<br />
- Water supply system<br />
- PHA - the device itself<br />
- Air-Water vacuum system<br />
- Power conditioning<br />
Different types of suction systems on the device were tested.<br />
There was no heating system supplied for the water; besides warm water was filled into the<br />
tanks.<br />
In order to make the water better visible on the video it was mixed with red food color.<br />
© 1999 all copyrights of the shown projects are with the designers<br />
and the departement for design and architecture at tu münchen<br />
Issue:<br />
Date: 12/02/1999<br />
Page: B 04
<strong>Technische</strong> <strong>Universität</strong> München<br />
<strong>Microarchitecture</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>Studies</strong><br />
Project: personal hygiene assistant -<br />
pha<br />
4.3. Procedure<br />
Day 1, October 26.1999<br />
Test of basic function (Bianca Artopé)<br />
Free floating experiments<br />
Test of washing procedure<br />
Other experimenters (Astronaut, Ralf)<br />
Day 2, October 27.1999 (initially not scheduled)<br />
Test of washing procedure<br />
Figuring out best relation between water and suction<br />
Other experimenters (Constance Adams, Claudia Hertrich)<br />
Day 3, October 28.1999<br />
Test of basic function (Brigitte Borst)<br />
Test of washing procedure<br />
Figuring out best relation between water and suction<br />
Other experimenters (Andreas Vogler, Hubert Brasseaux, K.)<br />
Day 4, October 29.1999 (initially not scheduled)<br />
Test of washing procedure<br />
Figuring out best relation between water and suction<br />
Other experimenters (Constance Adams, Julia Habel)<br />
5. Results<br />
© 1999 all copyrights of the shown projects are with the designers<br />
and the departement for design and architecture at tu münchen<br />
Issue:<br />
Date: 12/02/1999<br />
Page: B 05<br />
The personal hygiene assistant works well under microgravity conditions.<br />
No water drops escape from the device except too much water is injected into the pha (more than 6<br />
Volts - ...l/min) and the PHA is used on the arm and not a plain body surface.<br />
See Questionnaire evaluation<br />
6. Discussion<br />
The desired water consumption of different experimenters varied from 1.5 V to 4.5 V.<br />
One hairy experimenter complained that the water sticks too much to the hair and is hard to be<br />
removed.
<strong>Technische</strong> <strong>Universität</strong> München<br />
<strong>Microarchitecture</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>Studies</strong><br />
Project: personal hygiene assistant -<br />
pha<br />
Most of the experimenters would have liked to have a stronger suction. Eventually it should be<br />
possible to regulate the power of the suction.<br />
To evaluate properly the cleaning effectiveness on the skin, long term studies with the cellulose<br />
fibre should be prosecuted.<br />
7. Conclusion<br />
The dimensions of the device and the apertures of the suction ring should be optimized as well as<br />
the diameter of the suction tube.<br />
The suction should be stronger. Eventually it should be possible to regulate the power of the<br />
suction as well as the water temperature.<br />
The optimal relation between water supply and suction has to be found and evaluated for ISS<br />
application.<br />
Long term studies of the cellulose fibre cover should proof the cleaning effectiveness.<br />
If a water/suction system will be developed the option for other devices which will be attached to<br />
it with a quick connector is given. There is a great potential for other hygiene devices based on<br />
PHA-technology.<br />
8. Reference<br />
See pictures on page 9.<br />
© 1999 all copyrights of the shown projects are with the designers<br />
and the departement for design and architecture at tu münchen<br />
Issue:<br />
Date: 12/02/1999<br />
Page: B 06
<strong>Technische</strong> <strong>Universität</strong> München<br />
<strong>Microarchitecture</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>Studies</strong><br />
Project: personal hygiene assistant -<br />
pha<br />
9. Evaluation of questionnaires<br />
Washing Effectiveness<br />
1. Adjusted water/suction balance<br />
2. Is the water flow sufficient?<br />
3. PHA holds the water - non escapes<br />
4. Cleaning effect<br />
Usability<br />
5. Washing while restrained in foot<br />
loops<br />
6. Ability to reach all body parts<br />
7. Comfort, easy handling of PHA<br />
Subjective assessment<br />
8. Feeling of water flow on the skin<br />
9. Feeling of negative air flow on the<br />
skin<br />
10. Feeling of refreshment and<br />
relaxation<br />
11. Massage effect on the skin<br />
m<br />
5/6<br />
© 1999 all copyrights of the shown projects are with the designers<br />
and the departement for design and architecture at tu münchen<br />
6<br />
5<br />
6<br />
N/A<br />
6<br />
6<br />
7<br />
7<br />
7<br />
6<br />
f<br />
6<br />
7<br />
6<br />
6<br />
7<br />
7<br />
7<br />
5<br />
5<br />
7<br />
4<br />
f<br />
3<br />
7<br />
3<br />
6<br />
5<br />
7<br />
7<br />
7<br />
4<br />
7<br />
4<br />
m<br />
5<br />
6<br />
4<br />
6<br />
6<br />
6<br />
6<br />
6<br />
6<br />
6<br />
6<br />
m<br />
2<br />
7<br />
7<br />
N/A<br />
7<br />
5<br />
7<br />
5<br />
2<br />
N/A<br />
6<br />
f<br />
7<br />
7<br />
5<br />
7<br />
N/A<br />
7<br />
7<br />
7<br />
6<br />
7<br />
7<br />
m<br />
6<br />
7<br />
5<br />
6<br />
7<br />
N/A<br />
N/A<br />
6<br />
6<br />
7<br />
7<br />
Issue:<br />
Date: 12/02/1999<br />
Page: B 07<br />
Comments:<br />
to 1: need much more suction<br />
to 2: too much, less water, very much so<br />
to 3: a few drops escaped, too much water, more suction was needed, lower water flow helped, the hair on my<br />
body held the water through surface tention. in 2 G´s, the excess water would all form larger drops and run<br />
down my body<br />
to 4: need more time to evaluate this, we need to test this in 1-g for long periods of time.<br />
to 6: need smaller surface area for pad, to reach your back maybe add a detachable arm?<br />
to 8: too cold,<br />
to 9: not enough, didn’t feel much<br />
to 10: need more time to evaluate this<br />
m<br />
6<br />
7<br />
6<br />
7<br />
7<br />
7<br />
7<br />
6<br />
7<br />
7<br />
6<br />
f<br />
5/6<br />
7<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
5<br />
6<br />
6<br />
6<br />
5<br />
N/A<br />
f<br />
6<br />
7<br />
7<br />
6<br />
7<br />
7<br />
7<br />
7<br />
7<br />
7<br />
6<br />
f<br />
7<br />
N/A<br />
6<br />
7<br />
N/A<br />
N/A<br />
7<br />
7<br />
7<br />
7<br />
6
<strong>Technische</strong> <strong>Universität</strong> München<br />
<strong>Microarchitecture</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>Studies</strong><br />
Project: personal hygiene assistant -<br />
pha<br />
Washing Effectiveness<br />
1. Adjusted water/suction balance<br />
2. Is the water flow sufficient?<br />
3. PHA holds the water - non escapes<br />
4. Cleaning effect<br />
Usability<br />
5. Washing while restrained in foot<br />
loops<br />
6. Ability to reach all body parts<br />
7. Comfort, easy handling of PHA<br />
Subjective assessment<br />
8. Feeling of water flow on the skin<br />
9. Feeling of negative air flow on the<br />
skin<br />
10. Feeling of refreshment and<br />
relaxation<br />
11. Massage effect on the skin<br />
female<br />
5,75 _______<br />
7 _______<br />
5,6 _______<br />
6,3 _______<br />
6 _______<br />
6,6 _______<br />
6,8 _______<br />
6,3 _______<br />
5,8 _______<br />
6,6 _______<br />
5,4 _______<br />
© 1999 all copyrights of the shown projects are with the designers<br />
and the departement for design and architecture at tu münchen<br />
male<br />
4,9 _______<br />
6,6 _______<br />
5,4 _______<br />
6,25 _______<br />
6,75 _______<br />
6 _______<br />
6,5 _______<br />
6 _______<br />
5,6 _______<br />
6,75 _______<br />
6,2 _______<br />
Issue:<br />
Date: 12/02/1999<br />
Page: B 08<br />
general<br />
5,4 _______<br />
6,8 _______<br />
5,6 _______<br />
6,3 _______<br />
6,4 _______<br />
6,3 _______<br />
6,7 _______<br />
6,3 _______<br />
5,7 _______<br />
6,7 _______<br />
5,8 _______
<strong>Technische</strong> <strong>Universität</strong> München<br />
<strong>Microarchitecture</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>Studies</strong><br />
Project: personal hygiene assistant -<br />
pha<br />
© 1999 all copyrights of the shown projects are with the designers<br />
and the departement for design and architecture at tu münchen<br />
Issue:<br />
Date: 12/02/1999<br />
Page: B 09
<strong>Technische</strong> <strong>Universität</strong> München Summary <strong>Report</strong><br />
<strong>Microarchitecture</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>Studies</strong><br />
Date: 12/06/99<br />
Project: C. <strong>Space</strong>Bed<br />
Page: C 01<br />
KC-135 Postflight <strong>Report</strong> Contents<br />
TITLE (of Investigation): <strong>Space</strong>Bed, Schlafkomfort in Schwerelosigkeit (sleep restraint)<br />
FLIGHT DATES: October 27th, 28th, and 29th 1999<br />
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS (titles, etc..):<br />
<strong>Technische</strong> <strong>Universität</strong> München, Thomas Dirlich<br />
CO-INVESTIGATORS (titles, ect.):<br />
Institut für Schlafmedizin und interdiziplinäre Schlafforschung Münster, Dr. Gerd Rosenberg<br />
GOAL:<br />
To test the usability of the <strong>Space</strong>Bed in microgravity. In special the in/egress procedures, different sleeping<br />
positions, the tolerance of the one prototype to use by persons of different size, and the dynamics of the<br />
Sleepliner in mircogravity. In addition a preliminary test for the „Instiut für Schlafmedizin und interdiziplinäre<br />
Schlafforschung“ (ISIS) with the BIA device on body impedance measurement, which in combination with<br />
others is used to evaluate regeneration effectiveness in one-g.<br />
OBJECTIVE:<br />
To provide the crews of space vessels, such as the ISS, with a sleeping system which is on the one hand<br />
easy to use, hygienic, provides maximum comfort and optimal regeneration and on the other hand is<br />
minimal in weight and volume, optimizing storability and thus transport costs.<br />
INTRODUCTION:<br />
How one performs ones daily work and responsibilities depends mainly on how effective one is able to rest<br />
and regenerate. Considering the specific physiological and psychological conditions during a long term<br />
mission in space, the importance of privacy and the possibility for effective regeneration become eminent.<br />
The <strong>Space</strong>Bed not only deals with the ergonomic and design issues of sleep and sleep restraints, but also<br />
takes into account newest knowledge and results of modern sleep science, provided by the ISIS Institute,<br />
Muenster, Germany.<br />
Using an inflatable system for the sleep restraints minimizes mass and volume. The materials used have<br />
been designed for use in the production of modern top quality sleep and bed systems. Harmlessness for<br />
the user, maximum reliability, and hygiene were crucial in their development.<br />
© 1999 all copyrights of the shown projects are with the designers<br />
and the departement for design and architecture at tu münchen
<strong>Technische</strong> <strong>Universität</strong> München Summary <strong>Report</strong><br />
<strong>Microarchitecture</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>Studies</strong><br />
Date: 12/06/99<br />
Project: C. <strong>Space</strong>Bed<br />
Page: C 02<br />
METHODS AND MATERIALS:<br />
Procedure:<br />
The <strong>Space</strong>Bed platform was mounted at the back end of the plane next to the PHA setup. Data was<br />
gathered by a mounted camera, handheld cameras, the BIA device and questionnaires. The experiment<br />
was scheduled to be tested on the 27th and 29th, although tests were conducted on all four days.<br />
Main points of interest for the experiment were easy use, comfort issues, and the adjustability to persons of<br />
different size.<br />
Various test person conducted the following tests:<br />
1. in/egress into/out of the strapped, legs restrained, position without a sleepliner (pict 01)<br />
2. in/egrees into/out of the strapped position with sleepliner attached (pict 02)<br />
3. in/egrees into/out of the zero-g, legs free, position without sleepliner (pict 03)<br />
4. in/egrees into/out of the zero-g position with sleepliner attached (pict 04)<br />
5. comfort adjustments and use of <strong>Space</strong>Bed during several parabolas<br />
6. In addition Thomas Schielke and Thomas Dirlich gathered some data on the 27th and 29th with the BIA<br />
device (pict 05).<br />
Materials:<br />
The experiment consists of four parts:<br />
A. <strong>Space</strong>Bed: the inflatable upper body restraint<br />
B. LegRestraint: a not fully developed functional mock-up of a leg restraint<br />
C. Sleepliner: the soft light sleeping sack which is attached to <strong>Space</strong>Bed and LegRestraint<br />
D. Experiment platform: parabola flight specific attachment area with technical equipment<br />
RESULTS:<br />
<strong>Space</strong>Bed was tested by 16 different persons during the four days of the flight campaign. The tests went<br />
very well and the questionnaire rating the project „highly acceptable“, a 6.2 on a scale of 7.0. The analysis of<br />
the video and photographic footage shows the simplicity of use and the tolerance of the <strong>Space</strong>Bed to users<br />
of different size. The conceptional design ideas of the project were proved as being useful. The inflatable<br />
structure of <strong>Space</strong>Bed not only minimizes the mass and volume, but also makes in/egress even with<br />
sleepliner easy. The support of the test persons back is very good and comfortable. The spine is held in it<br />
natural position, the fluids flow freely through the body and maximum regeneration can be achieved.<br />
DISCUSSION:<br />
<strong>Space</strong>Bed also works with the restraints not inflated, even though comfort is higher and in/egress is much<br />
easier if they are inflated properly.<br />
© 1999 all copyrights of the shown projects are with the designers<br />
and the departement for design and architecture at tu münchen
<strong>Technische</strong> <strong>Universität</strong> München Summary <strong>Report</strong><br />
<strong>Microarchitecture</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>Studies</strong><br />
Date: 12/06/99<br />
Project: C. <strong>Space</strong>Bed<br />
Page: C 03<br />
Almost all test persons emphasize the easiness of in/egress and the comfort of the restraint system. The<br />
inflated collar was a point of discussion. Some of the testers did not like to use it, others found it very<br />
helpful.<br />
Although not very much data was gathered by the BIA, it was proved that the method also works in<br />
microgravity.<br />
The LegRestraint will also be developed in the further process. It has proved that it is very useful to make in/<br />
egress easy and to restrain the legs.<br />
CONCLUSION:<br />
The first parabola flight tests of <strong>Space</strong>Bed have been very successful. The Sleepliner will be redesigned in a<br />
way that it closes and attaches using less velcro. The <strong>Space</strong>Bed will have a separately de/inflatable collar<br />
included to accommodate changing needs of different users.<br />
The LegRestraint will be redesigned as an inflatable piece, which will be less cumbersome than the mockup<br />
used during this parabola flight campaign. The next version of <strong>Space</strong>Bed will be made foldable and will<br />
fit into a double BOCS unit. A next series of tests would also deal with the folding behaviour of the inflatable<br />
unit.<br />
The <strong>Space</strong>Bed works in zero-g and can be further developed into an on-orbit version. The ISIS and the BIA<br />
Tec are very interested to do further work on optimizing sleep and regeneration in microgravity. The<br />
<strong>Space</strong>Bed team will continue to coordinating the work of its partners in order to accomplish „Schlafkomfort<br />
in Schwerelosigkeit“, sleeping comfort in microgravity.<br />
REFERENCES:<br />
All pictures used are from the photographic contingent „German Hardware“ provided by the Reduced<br />
Gravity Office at Johnson <strong>Space</strong> Center.<br />
© 1999 all copyrights of the shown projects are with the designers<br />
and the departement for design and architecture at tu münchen
<strong>Technische</strong> <strong>Universität</strong> München Summary <strong>Report</strong><br />
<strong>Microarchitecture</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>Studies</strong><br />
Date: 12/06/99<br />
Project: C. <strong>Space</strong>Bed<br />
Page: C 04<br />
APPENDIX:<br />
pict 01<br />
pict 03 pict 04<br />
© 1999 all copyrights of the shown projects are with the designers<br />
and the departement for design and architecture at tu münchen<br />
pict 02<br />
pict 05
<strong>Technische</strong> <strong>Universität</strong> München Summary <strong>Report</strong><br />
<strong>Microarchitecture</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>Studies</strong><br />
Date: 12/06/99<br />
Project: C. <strong>Space</strong>Bed<br />
Page: C 05<br />
ingress procedure performed by<br />
Nigel Packham<br />
© 1999 all copyrights of the shown projects are with the designers<br />
and the departement for design and architecture at tu münchen
<strong>Technische</strong> <strong>Universität</strong> München<br />
<strong>Microarchitecture</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>Studies</strong><br />
Project:<br />
D. BOCS<br />
KC-135 Postflight <strong>Report</strong><br />
Title (of investigation) Built-in Onorbit Container System BOCS<br />
Flight Dates: October 26th, 28th and 29th 1999<br />
Principal Investigator: Julia Habel<br />
Goal<br />
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and the departement for design and architecture at tu münchen<br />
Summary <strong>Report</strong><br />
Date: 12/06/1999<br />
Page: D 01<br />
The goal of the investigation is to see, how good the Built-in Onorbit Container System works in micro<br />
gravity and to find out how it could be improved.<br />
Objective<br />
The Built-in Onorbit Container System BOCS is part of a new crew quarter design.<br />
The idea is to have maximum space by storing all the needed utilities in storage units that are integrated in<br />
the walls of the rack. anything that is not in use can be stowed away.<br />
The system consists of storage units that can be joined together either in a rack wall or independently. No<br />
additional frame is needed, because the bocses form a stiff frame themselves when joined together. They<br />
can be put together in many different ways: on top of each other, next to one another or behind each other;<br />
they can simply be arranged as one desires, or joined together to form larger units and they can also be<br />
securely stored in a ctb bag.<br />
Introduction<br />
The task when designing a storage system for space habitation is to provide the astronauts with a very<br />
simple modular and multifunctional system that can be used anywhere in the space station for the stowage<br />
of personal and other items. The system must be easy to handle (zero-g!) and has to provide fixation possibilities<br />
for the stowed items as they would escape from the units and float about.<br />
The Built-in Onorbit Container System is the design of such a system including a special fixation mechanism<br />
for different items.
<strong>Technische</strong> <strong>Universität</strong> München<br />
<strong>Microarchitecture</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>Studies</strong><br />
Project:<br />
D. BOCS<br />
Methods and Materials<br />
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and the departement for design and architecture at tu münchen<br />
Summary <strong>Report</strong><br />
Date: 12/06/1999<br />
Page: D 02<br />
The main elements of a BOCS are a light weight frame and a hardcover door.<br />
The door of a bocs opens by itself when released by a special press mechanism and opens 180°. It is<br />
opened and fixed in this position by a spring hinge. the astronauts can change the character (colors and<br />
surface) of their crew quarters by opening different storage doors and by hiding or showing different items.<br />
There are different fixation possibilities inside each bocs. items can either be fixed with adjustable rubber<br />
bands or with velcro.<br />
Procedure:<br />
Seven BOCSes were fixed to a frame in upright position to test the proposed arrangement in a crew quarter.<br />
Three of these BOCSes were working prototypes, the other four were mock-ups. The opening units could<br />
be moved around and tested in different positions. The frame was fixed to a static frame provided by project<br />
A (workstation). The workstation team provided two static frames of which one could be used for the threeday<br />
testing of the storage system.<br />
Handrails were fixed to the BOCS-frame and foot loops were provided in front of it.<br />
Test Objectives:<br />
Opening mechanism of the doors<br />
The doors open with a special “press mechanism” that needed to be tested in 0-g<br />
using foot loops<br />
using other restraints<br />
using handrails<br />
Fixation of the doors<br />
The doors open automatically and are held open by a specially developed spring mechanism at 180°.<br />
It was necessary to find out how strong this spring has to be. This was done by using different springs.<br />
Crew quarter design<br />
The arrangement of seven BOCSes in a crew quarter were tested in flight concerning:<br />
Accessibility of all BOCSes (foot loops/handrails)<br />
Opening the doors concerning the radius<br />
Using the BOCS<br />
Putting and fixing different items into the units<br />
Handling BOCSes<br />
concerning the size of the unit<br />
inserting a BOCS into a “rack wall”<br />
putting units together without a “rack wall”
<strong>Technische</strong> <strong>Universität</strong> München<br />
<strong>Microarchitecture</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>Studies</strong><br />
Project:<br />
D. BOCS<br />
Results<br />
The results of the testing were extremely good and very pleasing.<br />
© 1999 all copyrights of the shown projects are with the designers<br />
and the departement for design and architecture at tu münchen<br />
Summary <strong>Report</strong><br />
Date: 12/06/1999<br />
Page: D 03<br />
Opening mechanism of the doors:<br />
The press mechanism to open the doors was a lot easier than expected. It was even possible to open the<br />
doors without any kind of restraint, because the necessary force was very small and one could hold onto<br />
the door itself. Easiest of all was using foot loops (loose rope or bar). Using handrails was quite difficult, but<br />
this was presumably due to the inexperienced test person.<br />
Generally the press mechanisms was a great success.<br />
Fixation of the doors<br />
The spring hinge specially developed to hold open the doors at 180° did not only work perfectly, but also<br />
had the big advantage that it opened the doors automatically in zero-g. many test persons agreed that this<br />
was a great feature of the system.<br />
Each of the three opening BOCSes had a different number of spring hinges (one, two and three)<br />
Other than expected the BOCS with three spring hinges worked best of all. It seems to be better to have a<br />
door that opens quickly and to have a more powerful fixation of the door (180°). Even during disturbances of<br />
the parabolas the door stayed fixed in the opened position.<br />
Crew quarter design<br />
The arrangement of seven BOCSes on top of each other is fine. It is easier to reach the top and middle units<br />
but also possible to reach the lowest unit without any problems. Reaching units should not be a problem in<br />
zero-g anyway, because an astronaut can float and turn as he or she pleases.<br />
I found out that it was very easy to simply turn upside down and use the BOCSes the other way around.<br />
The opening radius of the doors was no problem at all. In every position the opening of the doors should<br />
not bother the astronaut in any way.<br />
Using a BOCS (interior)<br />
The system of adjustable bars to change the size of the bungies was extremely useful. It was possible to fix<br />
any kind and any number of items in a BOCS. A great advantage is the adjustability of the bungies., because<br />
the use of a BOCS can be changed any time and it will work for any kind of stowage.<br />
The only thing that needs improving is the adjustable bar itself. A better grip is necessary to loosen and<br />
tighten the small winding. The mechanism otherwise is fine.<br />
Fixing items to the door with velcro was also approved - the items did not get loose when the door was<br />
opened.<br />
The idea to have a small volume but a large surface for fixing all the different items (door and back side) was<br />
very successful, because a lot of items could be stored in one BOCS and still easily found and reached.<br />
Handling BOCSes<br />
The small size of a unit was very handy and useful. It was possible to take out a BOCS and carry it about in<br />
zero-g (more units were also no problem). This could be useful for storing tools or other equipment,
<strong>Technische</strong> <strong>Universität</strong> München<br />
<strong>Microarchitecture</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>Studies</strong><br />
Project:<br />
D. BOCS<br />
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and the departement for design and architecture at tu münchen<br />
Summary <strong>Report</strong><br />
Date: 12/06/1999<br />
Page: D 04<br />
that need to be taken to different places in the space station, e.g..<br />
Joining BOCSes together was easy in zero-g. It was even possible to join units together while floating<br />
around without being restrained.<br />
Inserting BOCSes was also easy, only the insertion of the last unit needed a little more force, but this was<br />
mainly due to the unprecise manufacturing of the joints (prototype!). The insertion of the last unit worked a<br />
lot easier in zero-g than in one-g, but it will still need improvement.<br />
Joining BOCSes on top of each other (to be stacked in a CTB-bag) was a little difficult. The joints used here<br />
were too long and tended to jam. But this should be a easy problem to solve.<br />
One thing that needs further development is the fixing mechanism of the joints. Several possibilities were<br />
tested during the flight but it will need a little more thinking about.<br />
Discussion<br />
A questionnaire was specially developed to discuss the BOCS. Eight test persons were available for the<br />
evaluation (Constance Adams, Nigel Packham, Hubert Brasseaux, Andreas Vogler, students and others).<br />
Here is the list of questions with the average score (1-7)<br />
1. Ease of opening door 6,6<br />
2. Opening doors within confines of rack volume 7,0<br />
3. Level of restraint required to open door 6,6<br />
4. Fixation of doors in opened position (spring hinge) 6,6<br />
5. Automatic opening of doors 6,4<br />
6. Accessing all units within confines of rack volume 7,0 (not always performed)<br />
7. Ease of putting items in the units 7,0<br />
8. Ease of fixing items into the units 6,0 (better grip!)<br />
9. Level of restraint required to put and fix items into the units 6,8<br />
10. General handling of an unrestrained unit in zero-g 7,0 (not always performed)<br />
11. Attaching units to each other without the use of a „rack wall“ 7,0 (not always performed)<br />
12. Inserting a unit into a rack 5,0 (not always performed)<br />
The results speak for themselves. The whole system had an average score of 6,6.<br />
The opening mechanism (press mechanism and spring hinge) were very much approved. Just as much the<br />
interior and the size of a unit.<br />
As seen before the grip of the adjustable bar and the insertion of units in the rack need further improvement.
<strong>Technische</strong> <strong>Universität</strong> München<br />
<strong>Microarchitecture</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>Studies</strong><br />
Project:<br />
D. BOCS<br />
Conclusion<br />
© 1999 all copyrights of the shown projects are with the designers<br />
and the departement for design and architecture at tu münchen<br />
Summary <strong>Report</strong><br />
Date: 12/06/1999<br />
Page: D 05<br />
Generally the Built-in Onorbit Container System works well in zero-g. The opening press mechanism and<br />
the spring hinge don’t need further testing, as they proved to be very useful and completely acceptable.<br />
The system of fixing items merely needs small adjustments to be made but was otherwise very successful.<br />
Further testing would be necessary to improve the joining mechanism of the units. The joints will have to be<br />
manufactured more precisely to make it easier to insert „the last“ BOCS.<br />
The Built-in Onorbit Container System proved to be multifunctional modular storage system in zero-g, that is<br />
exceptionally easy to use and very easy to handle. The KC-135 flights were very successful.
<strong>Technische</strong> <strong>Universität</strong> München<br />
<strong>Microarchitecture</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>Studies</strong><br />
Project:<br />
D. BOCS<br />
References<br />
Adding BOCSes<br />
Joining mechanism<br />
Interior arrangement<br />
© 1999 all copyrights of the shown projects are with the designers<br />
and the departement for design and architecture at tu münchen<br />
Summary <strong>Report</strong><br />
Date: 12/06/1999<br />
Page: D 06
<strong>Technische</strong> <strong>Universität</strong> München<br />
<strong>Microarchitecture</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>Studies</strong><br />
Project:<br />
D. BOCS<br />
Automatic opening of a door<br />
inserting a BOCS<br />
© 1999 all copyrights of the shown projects are with the designers<br />
and the departement for design and architecture at tu münchen<br />
Summary <strong>Report</strong><br />
Date: 12/06/1999<br />
Page: D 07
<strong>Technische</strong> <strong>Universität</strong> München<br />
<strong>Microarchitecture</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>Studies</strong><br />
Project:<br />
D. BOCS<br />
Inserting BOCSes upside down<br />
joining and opening while floating<br />
© 1999 all copyrights of the shown projects are with the designers<br />
and the departement for design and architecture at tu münchen<br />
Summary <strong>Report</strong><br />
Date: 12/06/1999<br />
Page: D 08
<strong>Technische</strong> <strong>Universität</strong> München<br />
<strong>Microarchitecture</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>Studies</strong><br />
Project:<br />
E. NET<br />
TITLE (of Investigation): NET(non effusing trash receptacle)<br />
FLIGHT DATES: October 26. and 29. 1999<br />
© 1999 all copyrights of the shown projects are with the designers<br />
and the departement for design and architecture at tu münchen<br />
Summary <strong>Report</strong><br />
Date: 12/06/1999<br />
Page: E 01<br />
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS (titles, etc.).: <strong>Technische</strong> <strong>Universität</strong> München, Dipl. Ing. Hans Huber<br />
Co-Investigators (titles, etc.): Andreas Vogler, dipl. Arch ETH<br />
GOAL:<br />
To test whether the NET works in microgravity and to find out what improvements of the prototypes can be<br />
made.<br />
OBJECTIVE:<br />
To provide the crews of space stations and other space vehicles with a device to enable them to collect<br />
trash in an easy and timesaving manner.<br />
INTRODUCTION:<br />
The devices to collect trash in zero-G as known to the principal investigator have different disadvantages. If<br />
you have to open a lid, collected trash can flow out. If you have to press trash through an opening which is<br />
covered with rubber lips, pressure sensitive trash (i.e. a cotton pad full of liquid) pollutes the collecting<br />
device and the environment.<br />
The NET avoids these disadvantages. You can open it to such an extent that the opening is fit for the trash<br />
you are disposing and other trash can not float out. You do not have to press trash through rubber lips.<br />
The trash bag covers the closing elements of the device and protects them from pollution.
<strong>Technische</strong> <strong>Universität</strong> München<br />
<strong>Microarchitecture</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>Studies</strong><br />
Project:<br />
E. NET<br />
METHODS AND MATERIALS:<br />
Subjects:<br />
© 1999 all copyrights of the shown projects are with the designers<br />
and the departement for design and architecture at tu münchen<br />
Summary <strong>Report</strong><br />
Date: 12/06/1999<br />
Page: E 02<br />
The Net consists of the collecting device itself and a holder. The holder can take several adapters, for seattrack<br />
or clamps for handrails. The collecting device consists of three rings, one of them moveable. The<br />
closing mechanism consists of the springs which opens like a f-stop of a camera. It is opened with one<br />
hand against the force of a spring, which closes the device when released..<br />
Two versions of the NET were tested:<br />
The larger version which fits the size of an ordinary trash bag.<br />
The smaller version which fits in one of the BOCS (Built-in-on-orbit-container-system) by Julia Habel<br />
The NET (with the exception of the trash-bag) is made from steel to withstand the forces of the parabolic<br />
flights. On-orbit versions should be made from aluminium or carbon-fibre.<br />
Procedure:<br />
The two versions of the NET were mounted on the rear side of a rack of the FLOW-experiment. The small<br />
version of the NET was also mounted on a belt . The Net on the belt was used to do simulated housekeeping.<br />
Different simulated trash was used to test the two versions.<br />
RESULTS:<br />
The NET worked fine in microgravity. During zero-G the NET sometimes needed some help to close completely.<br />
It was difficult to attach the NET to seat track during zero-G. The small NET on the belt could be<br />
used easily for housekeeping.<br />
DISCUSSION:<br />
The closing spring is not strong enough. The design of the attachment-point for seat track is not yet suitable<br />
for zero-G. The principle of the NET works in zero-G.
<strong>Technische</strong> <strong>Universität</strong> München<br />
<strong>Microarchitecture</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>Studies</strong><br />
Project:<br />
E. NET<br />
CONCLUSION:<br />
© 1999 all copyrights of the shown projects are with the designers<br />
and the departement for design and architecture at tu münchen<br />
Summary <strong>Report</strong><br />
Date: 12/06/1999<br />
Page: E 03<br />
The force of the closing spring has to be reinforced. The attachment point to seat-track has to be improved,<br />
The NET works in zero-G and can be used to develop on-orbit versions.<br />
Further testing to verify improvements are necessary.<br />
REFERENCES:
<strong>Technische</strong> <strong>Universität</strong> München<br />
<strong>Microarchitecture</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>Studies</strong><br />
Acknowledgments:<br />
These projects were made possible by the great enthusiam, work and support of the following people and companies:<br />
Professor: Prof. Richard Horden, Departement of Architecture and Design<br />
Assistant Professors: Andreas Vogler, dipl. arch. ETH (Teamleader)<br />
Hans Huber, dipl. Ing. Arch (KC 135-Coordinator<br />
Lydia Haack, dipl. ing. AA<br />
Claudia Pöppel, dipl. ing. arch<br />
Students: Bianca Artopé<br />
Björn Bertheau<br />
Brigitte Borst<br />
Thomas Dirlich<br />
Julia Habel<br />
Claudia Hertrich<br />
Arne Laub<br />
Engineers: Division of Astronautics TU Munich, Prof. Dr. ing. E. Igenbergs<br />
Departement of Light Weight Construction, Prof. Dr. ing. H. Baier, TU-München<br />
Prof. H. Bubb, TU-Munich<br />
Prof. H. Hamacher, TU-Muncih, DLR Cologne<br />
Dr. Reinhold Ewald, European Astronaut Centre, DLR Cologne<br />
Dr. E. Pfeiffer, Kayser-Threde, Munich<br />
Dipl. Ing. Herbert Ertl<br />
Dipl. Ing. Heinz Kutsch<br />
NASA Team: Constance Adams, Lockheed-Martin<br />
The Habitability Design Center at JSC Houston<br />
Tommy Capps<br />
Janis Connolly<br />
David Fitts<br />
Nathan Moore<br />
David Ray and the other employees of the Mockup facility building 9 NW<br />
Noel Skinner and others from the Reduced Gravity Office JSC<br />
John Evanoff, Johnson Engineering<br />
Support: Bayern Innovativ<br />
Bund der Freunde der TU-München<br />
DLR Cologne, Medical Departement<br />
Companies: Alu-Meier, Munich, especially Peter Meier and Ralf Kichner<br />
Hans Grohe, Schiltach, especially Werner Heinzelmann and Günter Glunk<br />
Dornier Friedrichshafen, especially Dr. Martin Zell and Dr. Josef Winter<br />
Vontana Wasserbetten, Oererckenschwig, especially Tasso and Thomas Schielke<br />
Sponsors: Brück Leichtbautechnik, Nister-Möhrendorf<br />
Krauss-Maffay, München-Allach<br />
Horbach Werbetechnik, München<br />
Hoogovens Aluminium Sidal<br />
Rosner Lacke, München<br />
Odlo International, Switzerland<br />
Specken Drumag, Bad Säckingen<br />
SLV, München<br />
we apologize to all people you are not named here, but nevertheless made there contribution to the projects.<br />
The activities of the Munich <strong>Space</strong> Design Group were accompanied by the film team of Schubert Film, Munich<br />
© 1999 all copyrights of the shown projects are with the designers<br />
and the departement for design and architecture at tu münchen<br />
Summary <strong>Report</strong><br />
Date: 12/06/1999