Under the Hood of .NET Memory Management - Simple Talk

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Chapter 1: Prelude Figure 1.1: Example of a stack frame. Heap So where does the Data Heap come into it? Well, the stack can store variables that are the primitive data types defined by .NET. These include the following types (see http://tinyurl.com/FrameworkOverview): • Byte • SByte • Int16 • Int32 • Int64 • UInt16 • UInt32 • UInt64 • Single • Double • Boolean • Char • Decimal • IntPtr • UIntPtr • Structs 18
Chapter 1: Prelude These are primitive data types, part of the Common Type System (CTS) natively understood by all NET language compilers, and collectively called Value Types. Any of these data types or struct definitions are usually stored on the stack. On the other hand, instances of everything you have defined, including: • classes • interfaces • delegates • strings • instances of "object" ... are all referred to as "reference types," and are stored on the heap (the SOH or LOH, depending on their size). When an instance of a reference type is created (usually involving the new keyword), only an object reference is stored on stack. The actual instance itself is created on the heap, and its address held on the stack. Consider the following code: void Method1() { MyClass myObj=new MyClass(); Console.WriteLine(myObj.Text); } Listing 1.2: Code example using a reference type. In Listing 1.2, a new instance of the class MyClass is created within the Method1 call. 19
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