Review of the Food-borne Zoonoses Research ... - ARCHIVE: Defra

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Project code: OZ0709 Project title: Epidemiology of VTEC 0157 and other VTECs likely to be pathogenic to man in farm wastes Start date (dd/mm/yy): 01/04/2002 End date (dd/mm/yy): 31/03/2005 £365,493 Total cost: Affiliation: Veterinary Laboratories Agency Sub-contractor(s): Health Protection Agency, Silsoe Research Institute, University of Liverpool Abstract of research Possible routes of human infection of Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) serogroup O157 include contaminated food or beverages, direct and indirect contact with farm animals and person-to-person. In particular, cattle have been identified as a major domestic animal reservoir of VTEC O157 and therefore their manure can be a source of pathogens entering the environment and food chain. Consequently, the epidemiology of VTEC O157 in farmyard manure (FYM), slurry and dirty water on both dairy and beef cattle farms was investigated. The overall aim of Project OZ0709 was to devise a set of recommendations that can be adopted by farmers in order to reduce the risk of human VTEC infection that is attributable to farm waste. To formulate such recommendations, a multi-disciplinary approach was adopted which included a review of existing farm waste management methods; an epidemiological study; engineering visits, risk assessment & mathematical modelling. From the project it was concluded that the management of waste significantly varies between farms, however there are recommendations/guidelines available to which farmers should adhere. Such recommendations are often with particular reference to the transfer of food-borne pathogens on to crops and are therefore not VTEC O157 specific. By identifying specific VTEC O157 recommendations from within the project it was concluded that farmers adhering to existing guidelines are managing their waste in such a way that minimises the risk of environmental contamination with VTEC and hence maintaining a low risk of humans becoming infected with VTEC O157 due to direct or indirect exposure to cattle waste. Review summary Project OZ0709 aimed to produce guidelines for farmers on ways to minimise the risk of environmental contamination with VTEC, and consequently reduce the risk of humans becoming infected with VTEC O157 through direct or indirect exposure to cattle waste. The results back up what had been previously thought. This project produced valuable data in providing assurance that current guidelines for management of farm waste are appropriate. 92
Project code: OZ 0711 Project title: Incidence and control of VTEC in animal feeds Start date (dd/mm/yy): 01/08/2002 End date (dd/mm/yy): 31/01/2005 £132,343 Total cost: Affiliation: ADAS UK Ltd Sub-contractor(s): Direct Laboratory Services Ltd Abstract of research This study consisted of the following tasks: Task 1: Scientific literature review. This summarised published and unpublished information on the incidence of VTEC and stx-harbouring phages in animal feeds. The report was submitted to Defra in December 2003. Task 2: An examination of imported feeds to determine the extent of their contamination with VTEC. Imported feeds were supplied from importing mills or feed manufacturers. Task 3: An assessment of the potential effect of manufacture on the viability of E. coli O157. The effects of heat-treatment – reflecting conditions under commercial compound feed manufacture - on a mixture of E. coli O157 isolates existing in ground and pelleted cattle feed were studied. This task was completed under laboratory-controlled conditions. Task 4: Determine the prevalence of VTEC in farm-stored and trough-fed feeds. Feeds taken from stores and feeding troughs on farms were analysed for E. coli O157 and other VTEC strains to assess the risk these pose to the spread of VTEC. Analysis of feeds from troughs and on-ground feed passages, which were recently accessed by livestock, indicated that VTEC are likely to be spread via animal‘s mouths. Task 5: Determine the prevalence of VTEC in forages fed fresh on farms Forage crops (e.g. fresh grass, maize silage and grass silage), which were grown in fields where livestock had been grazing, were sampled and analysed for VTEC strains. A mini-silo study was undertaken using forage maize to study the effects of ensiling on the presence of VTEC isolates. Review summary This study aimed to determine any impact which animal feeds may make to the transmission of VTEC, and to identify practices in feed production that may contribute to or reduce the levels of VTEC in livestock feeds. The results are what might have been expected, indicating that feeds are unlikely to be a significant transmission route for VTEC in the UK. It was, however, important to fund this work to obtain this evidence. While the work has contributed to the evidence base, it would have been of more value if the problems in obtaining representative feeds had been overcome and more feeds had been investigated. 93
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Contents Section A - Introduction..
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Review of the Food-borne Zoonoses (
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Plans for taking forward these prio
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Policy Objectives The key policy ob
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Figure 2. Laboratory reports of Sal
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Figure 4. Laboratory reports of Cam
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6. Aims of the FBZ research review
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Section B - Review Summaries 16
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epidemiology of Salmonella and anti
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There is a need to objectively asse
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2. Campylobacter review summary 2.1
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for this organism. Research within
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3. E. coli review summary 3.1 Succe
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4. Other zoonotic pathogens of inte
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Annex 1 - Projects Reviewed 30
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OZ0311 Conventional versus capillar
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OZ0402 OZ0404 OZ0405 OZ0407 OZ0604
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OZ0704 OZ0705 OZ0706 OZ0707 Quantif
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Annex 2 - Project Abstracts and Pro
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To test the suitability of the AFLP
Page 42 and 43: Project code: OZ0324 Project title:
Page 46 and 47: Review Summary The knowledge that t
Page 48 and 49: Review Summary The project was felt
Page 52 and 53: It is clear that the EC legislative
Page 54 and 55: if the vaccines currently available
Page 56 and 57: Four published papers have come out
Page 58 and 59: Review Summary This epidemiological
Page 60 and 61: Project code: OZO316 Project title:
Page 64 and 65: agricultural industry/public health
Page 66 and 67: testing laboratories. In addition,
Page 68 and 69: animal pathogen but is a human path
Page 70 and 71: esearch has also substantially impr
Page 72 and 73: to elucidate the antigenic repertoi
Page 74 and 75: and have contributed to our underst
Page 76 and 77: Fundamental issues concerning the f
Page 78 and 79: Review summary Project OZ0606 focus
Page 80 and 81: Abstract of research OZ0608 The ado
Page 82 and 83: thinning process for molecular trac
Page 84 and 85: Project code: LK0665 Project title:
Page 86 and 87: Review summary While poultry meat i
Page 88 and 89: Review summary A key aim of this pr
Page 90 and 91: Review summary This project aimed t
Page 96 and 97: Project code: OZ0138C Project title
Page 102 and 103: Abstract of research Projects OZ070
Page 104 and 105: produced were both relevant and imp
Page 106 and 107: List of External Reviewers. Mr. Pau
Page 108 and 109: Review of Defra’s FBZ Research Pr
Page 110 and 111: Review of Defra’s FBZ Research Pr
Page 112 and 113: Annex 5 - Review Timetable 112
Page 114 and 115: 11.45 - 12.00 Bovine and Porcine Fo
Page 116: Campylobacter Other 11.50 - 12.05 P
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