Review of the Food-borne Zoonoses Research ... - ARCHIVE: Defra

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animal pathogen but is a human pathogen. The survey in 1999/2000 had indicated quite high prevalence of Yersinia enterocolitica in pigs (26%), less so in sheep (13%) and cattle (6%).The project has clarified which animal species were excreting isolates which are also pathogenic serotypes for humans. The research has developed a testing facility for Yersinia enterocolitica and contributed to the evidence base. The most important output has been the suggestion that more of the Yersinia enterocolitica strains present in livestock have the potential to pose a threat to human public health than was previously thought. The identification of the potential virulence of BT1a strains is important as these strains colonise a significant proportion of livestock. The study has generated a number of valuable publications, which advance knowledge in the subject area. Further research is not currently required in the absence of clear direction from medical/public health authorities that this is a sufficiently important area that merits additional work in animals. It would be more appropriate for FSA or DH to fund further work on understanding the pathogenicity for humans. 68
Project code: OZ0404 Project title: Bovine neosporosis: the evaluation of zoonotic risk and the development of evidence-based control strategies Start date (dd/mm/yy): 01/11/2002 End date (dd/mm/yy): 31/12/2005 £242,267.00 Total cost: Affiliation: University of Liverpool Abstract of research The newly recognised protozoan parasite Neospora caninum has recently emerged as a major cause of disease in cattle and dogs worldwide (1). In cattle, research by various international groups, including our own laboratory in a previous DEFRA funded research project (Contract CSA 3618, 1996 - 1999), has shown the importance of the infection in the etiology of abortion and the significance of vertical transmission in its epidemiology. This project concentrated on the recently discovered oocyst stage of N. caninum. It sought to improve rational control measures in cattle by determining if, and under what circumstances, oocysts could infect pregnant cattle and cause disease, what risk factors exist and how likely are oocysts to infect the environment. The existence of environmental contamination by oocysts also creates a potential zoonotic hazard which was evaluated in a large scale human serological study. The project failed to find any evidence of exposure to infection in over 3700 human serum samples rigorously selected and examined by two assays. The results show that the risk of human infection in the UK is extremely low and that millk and meat from UK cattle can be regarded as safe in this respect. In cattle, the project showed that oocyst infection in pregnancy can lead to abortion in cattle if exposure occurs around mid-pregnancy but not if it occurs early or late in pregnancy. However, exposure at 210 days in pregnancy led to high rates of congenital infection in healthy calves. Thus oocyst infection is likely to be extremely important in maintaining the basic reproductive rate of the parasite at >1 by creating infected females which are then presumed to endogenously transplacentally infect all their offspring. Review Summary Overall the project has generated some important findings, specifically the lack of evidence for human infection and zoonotic transmission, and the lack of associated evidence that dogs were a major source of oocyst infection to cattle. Also important was that although oocysts can infect pregnant cows and cause abortion or congenital infection, epidemiological risk factors suggested that the likelihood of this occurring was low. The results of this research have clearly answered the policy question on zoonotic risk and have shown that, if a zoonotic risk to humans exists in the UK, it is very low. The 69
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Contents Section A - Introduction..
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Review of the Food-borne Zoonoses (
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Plans for taking forward these prio
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Policy Objectives The key policy ob
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Figure 2. Laboratory reports of Sal
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Figure 4. Laboratory reports of Cam
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6. Aims of the FBZ research review
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Section B - Review Summaries 16
Page 18 and 19: epidemiology of Salmonella and anti
Page 20 and 21: There is a need to objectively asse
Page 22 and 23: 2. Campylobacter review summary 2.1
Page 24 and 25: for this organism. Research within
Page 26 and 27: 3. E. coli review summary 3.1 Succe
Page 28 and 29: 4. Other zoonotic pathogens of inte
Page 30 and 31: Annex 1 - Projects Reviewed 30
Page 32 and 33: OZ0311 Conventional versus capillar
Page 34 and 35: OZ0402 OZ0404 OZ0405 OZ0407 OZ0604
Page 36 and 37: OZ0704 OZ0705 OZ0706 OZ0707 Quantif
Page 38 and 39: Annex 2 - Project Abstracts and Pro
Page 40 and 41: To test the suitability of the AFLP
Page 42 and 43: Project code: OZ0324 Project title:
Page 46 and 47: Review Summary The knowledge that t
Page 48 and 49: Review Summary The project was felt
Page 52 and 53: It is clear that the EC legislative
Page 54 and 55: if the vaccines currently available
Page 56 and 57: Four published papers have come out
Page 58 and 59: Review Summary This epidemiological
Page 60 and 61: Project code: OZO316 Project title:
Page 64 and 65: agricultural industry/public health
Page 66 and 67: testing laboratories. In addition,
Page 70 and 71: esearch has also substantially impr
Page 72 and 73: to elucidate the antigenic repertoi
Page 74 and 75: and have contributed to our underst
Page 76 and 77: Fundamental issues concerning the f
Page 78 and 79: Review summary Project OZ0606 focus
Page 80 and 81: Abstract of research OZ0608 The ado
Page 82 and 83: thinning process for molecular trac
Page 84 and 85: Project code: LK0665 Project title:
Page 86 and 87: Review summary While poultry meat i
Page 88 and 89: Review summary A key aim of this pr
Page 90 and 91: Review summary This project aimed t
Page 96 and 97: Project code: OZ0138C Project title
Page 102 and 103: Abstract of research Projects OZ070
Page 104 and 105: produced were both relevant and imp
Page 106 and 107: List of External Reviewers. Mr. Pau
Page 108 and 109: Review of Defra’s FBZ Research Pr
Page 110 and 111: Review of Defra’s FBZ Research Pr
Page 112 and 113: Annex 5 - Review Timetable 112
Page 114 and 115: 11.45 - 12.00 Bovine and Porcine Fo
Page 116: Campylobacter Other 11.50 - 12.05 P
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