Review of the Food-borne Zoonoses Research ... - ARCHIVE: Defra

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Project code: OZ0317 Project title: Epidemiological investigations of Salmonella contamination in table egg production Start date (dd/mm/yy): 01/08/00 End date (dd/mm/yy): 31/01/03 £227,692.00 Total cost: Affiliation: Veterinary Laboratories Agency (VLA) Project code: OZ0321 Project title: Investigation of the role of environmental contamination in the epidemiology of Salmonella infection in egg-laying flock Start date (dd/mm/yy): 01/10/2002 End date (dd/mm/yy): 30/09/2007 Total cost: £464,534.00 Affiliation: Veterinary Laboratories Agency (VLA) Sub-contractor(s): University of Bristol Project code: OZ0325 Project title: A monitoring, control and education package to assist the egg industry with Salmonella reduction and achieving EU targets Start date (dd/mm/yy): 01/04/06 End date (dd/mm/yy): 31/03/09 Total cost: £753,006.00 Affiliation: Veterinary Laboratories Agency (VLA) Sub-contractor(s): University of Bristol Natural England Central Science Laboratory 50
Abstract of research The VLA research work on Salmonella in commercial laying farms began officially in 2000 with Project OZ0317, although some pilot investigations had been carried out prior to that. Voluntary investigations on laying farms where S.Enteritidis (SE) had been identified as a result of trace back investigations from food poisoning outbreaks, investigations of clinical disease or (rarely) identification of SE as a result of voluntary monitoring under the British Egg Industry Council (BEIC) Lion Code scheme showed that the principal problem was horizontal infection resulting from persistence of contamination in poorly cleaned houses and particularly in breeding mice or rat populations in the houses. Occasional new introductions of infection due to infection in breeding flocks or contamination of hatcheries were also investigated but these incidents were uncommon. Persistence of SE appeared to be independent of vaccination status, except in barn or free-range farms where there were no rodent problems which became free of infection when new vaccinated flocks were introduced. Contamination of eggs from infected vaccinated flock birds reduced by around 70% compared with those from non-vaccinated flocks. Cross-contamination during egg packing was also identified. The scope of the work was widened with increased funding in Project OZ0321 and various investigations involving quantification of SE demonstrated high numbers of organisms associated with rodents and flies. Exposure studies at Bristol University demonstrated the high risk associated with contaminated drinking equipment (a common finding in layer flocks) regardless of vaccination. Vaccine transition studies suggested that there may be significant differences between the efficacy of the various vaccination programmes. Randomly recruited farms from the EU Baseline Survey showed identical problems to the original study cohort and sampling comparisons identified significant differences in the sensitivity of various monitoring options, especially in large barn or free-range flocks where subdivision of floor spaces led to a dilution effect and false negative results when limited numbers of boot swabs were used. In Project OZ0325 good progress has been made on problem farms by including specialist pest control and decontamination services in the project team and the project leader has been involved in redrafting various codes of practice and SVS guidance documents as well as the BEIC Lion Code and together with Natural England has been involved in a nationwide road show campaign for the egg industry. Review Summary The work covers a very wide spectrum of issues of key relevance to the commercial egg industry and extends the fundamental knowledge of the practical epidemiology in this area. Different parts of the work have contributed to the evidence base, to the development of diagnostic tests and sampling methodology and to improvement in methods of control. It was particularly encouraging to find that salmonella-positive flocks can turn negative, and that infection levels can be reduced. The work was fundamental to building better relationships with the industry, which has assisted both subsequent research and also policy development involving partnership with industry. The current research is crucial to Defra in developing with industry a salmonella control programme that meets EC salmonella requirements and keeps the UK egg industry at the forefront in terms of quality. It has allowed Defra to negotiate a UK position based on best available science and the main research worker has acted as an independent adviser to the EC. The results of the research have been successfully disseminated to industry by means of a road-show led by the British Egg Industry Council. 51
Page 2 and 3: Contents Section A - Introduction..
Page 4 and 5: Review of the Food-borne Zoonoses (
Page 6 and 7: Plans for taking forward these prio
Page 8 and 9: Policy Objectives The key policy ob
Page 10 and 11: Figure 2. Laboratory reports of Sal
Page 12 and 13: Figure 4. Laboratory reports of Cam
Page 14 and 15: 6. Aims of the FBZ research review
Page 16 and 17: Section B - Review Summaries 16
Page 18 and 19: epidemiology of Salmonella and anti
Page 20 and 21: There is a need to objectively asse
Page 22 and 23: 2. Campylobacter review summary 2.1
Page 24 and 25: for this organism. Research within
Page 26 and 27: 3. E. coli review summary 3.1 Succe
Page 28 and 29: 4. Other zoonotic pathogens of inte
Page 30 and 31: Annex 1 - Projects Reviewed 30
Page 32 and 33: OZ0311 Conventional versus capillar
Page 34 and 35: OZ0402 OZ0404 OZ0405 OZ0407 OZ0604
Page 36 and 37: OZ0704 OZ0705 OZ0706 OZ0707 Quantif
Page 38 and 39: Annex 2 - Project Abstracts and Pro
Page 40 and 41: To test the suitability of the AFLP
Page 42 and 43: Project code: OZ0324 Project title:
Page 46 and 47: Review Summary The knowledge that t
Page 48 and 49: Review Summary The project was felt
Page 52 and 53: It is clear that the EC legislative
Page 54 and 55: if the vaccines currently available
Page 56 and 57: Four published papers have come out
Page 58 and 59: Review Summary This epidemiological
Page 60 and 61: Project code: OZO316 Project title:
Page 64 and 65: agricultural industry/public health
Page 66 and 67: testing laboratories. In addition,
Page 68 and 69: animal pathogen but is a human path
Page 70 and 71: esearch has also substantially impr
Page 72 and 73: to elucidate the antigenic repertoi
Page 74 and 75: and have contributed to our underst
Page 76 and 77: Fundamental issues concerning the f
Page 78 and 79: Review summary Project OZ0606 focus
Page 80 and 81: Abstract of research OZ0608 The ado
Page 82 and 83: thinning process for molecular trac
Page 84 and 85: Project code: LK0665 Project title:
Page 86 and 87: Review summary While poultry meat i
Page 88 and 89: Review summary A key aim of this pr
Page 90 and 91: Review summary This project aimed t
Page 96 and 97: Project code: OZ0138C Project title
Page 100 and 101:
Project code: OZ0708 Project title:
Page 102 and 103:
Abstract of research Projects OZ070
Page 104 and 105:
produced were both relevant and imp
Page 106 and 107:
List of External Reviewers. Mr. Pau
Page 108 and 109:
Review of Defra’s FBZ Research Pr
Page 110 and 111:
Review of Defra’s FBZ Research Pr
Page 112 and 113:
Annex 5 - Review Timetable 112
Page 114 and 115:
11.45 - 12.00 Bovine and Porcine Fo
Page 116:
Campylobacter Other 11.50 - 12.05 P
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Review of the Food-borne Zoonoses Research ... - ARCHIVE: Defra

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