Review of the Food-borne Zoonoses Research ... - ARCHIVE: Defra

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for this organism. Research within the programme had shown that a variety of typing methods may be used depending on the question being asked. A good routine tool for typing Campylobacter sp. would therefore be of value to enable source attribution of infection. Developments in genetic chips may be particularly useful in typing Campylobacter sp. in the future. Due to the unpredictable nature of where genetic change occurs, a chip carrying a large number of genetic elements and their variants may be the key to typing this unstable genus. A lot of resources have been invested in developing the MLST database. It is vital that analysis of this database now takes place to identify the sources of Campylobacter that are responsible for human infection. It is also important to ascertain whether the database has been populated in an un-biased manner, or whether there are sample types that are under-represented and need to be included. The interrelationships between strains found in poultry units, processing units, the environment, wild life and domestic animals is unknown. This information would help to address the question of the contribution of contamination in the abattoir, food processing environment, and household strains to human disease. Reviewers noted that there are still many fundamental questions that need to be addressed by basic research, such as the relationship between strain type and virulence potential. Basic research is also needed to further understand the interaction between genomics and physiology i.e. the behaviour of the organism in vitro and in vivo. This work was considered to be more appropriate for funding by the BBSRC or Wellcome Trust. Fundamental questions also remain unanswered in relation to the role of maternal antibodies in chick immunity. Despite the lack of success in identifying suitable vaccine candidates to-date, the reviewers felt that pursuing the vaccination approach was worthwhile. They noted, however, the need to expand expertise on Defra-funded projects to include immunologists and industry representatives with vaccine expertise. LINK projects, where Defra and private companies share the cost of research, were thought to be ideal for progressing research in this area. One of the flaws in some of the research undertaken is the uncertainty over whether enough colonies are examined to be confident that a single Campylobacter strain is present rather than multiple strains. Reviewers suggested that a project examining large numbers of isolates would be useful in determining whether co-infection with multiple 24
strains is common, and how many colonies should be selected to be reasonably confident of only one Campylobacter strain being present. A question that intrigues many researchers, the answer to which could be valuable in control of Campylobacter, is why some poultry farms are consistently negative for the organism. If the factors involved in a farm remaining uninfected could be elucidated this may reveal potential control strategies. Biosecurity measures that have been successful in controlling Salmonella infection on poultry farms and other diseases have not had the same success in reducing Campylobacter infection. Reviewers suggested that a critical review of on-farm interventions to control Campylobacter would be useful in identifying which biosecurity measures were most successful. It was noted that a critical review of both biosecurity and non-biosecurity interventions in the control of Campylobacter was in the process of being commissioned by FSA and Defra. Other studies suggested were: studies to determine most effective biosecurity measures e.g. is dipping boots more or less effective than changing them? investigations on stocking densities, general health and welfare and Campylobacter colonisation studies to determine the effect of on farm control measures with campylobacters present in humans 2.4 Balance of funding in this research area Reviewers felt that with the introduction of new EU legislation on Salmonella control, Salmonella research should take priority for research in the short-term. With Salmonella levels being successfully reduced, more of the budget should be targeted towards Campylobacter control in the longer-term. The need to co-ordinate Defra-funded research on Campylobacter with work supported by other funding bodies was also highlighted 25
Page 2 and 3: Contents Section A - Introduction..
Page 4 and 5: Review of the Food-borne Zoonoses (
Page 6 and 7: Plans for taking forward these prio
Page 8 and 9: Policy Objectives The key policy ob
Page 10 and 11: Figure 2. Laboratory reports of Sal
Page 12 and 13: Figure 4. Laboratory reports of Cam
Page 14 and 15: 6. Aims of the FBZ research review
Page 16 and 17: Section B - Review Summaries 16
Page 18 and 19: epidemiology of Salmonella and anti
Page 20 and 21: There is a need to objectively asse
Page 22 and 23: 2. Campylobacter review summary 2.1
Page 26 and 27: 3. E. coli review summary 3.1 Succe
Page 28 and 29: 4. Other zoonotic pathogens of inte
Page 30 and 31: Annex 1 - Projects Reviewed 30
Page 32 and 33: OZ0311 Conventional versus capillar
Page 34 and 35: OZ0402 OZ0404 OZ0405 OZ0407 OZ0604
Page 36 and 37: OZ0704 OZ0705 OZ0706 OZ0707 Quantif
Page 38 and 39: Annex 2 - Project Abstracts and Pro
Page 40 and 41: To test the suitability of the AFLP
Page 42 and 43: Project code: OZ0324 Project title:
Page 46 and 47: Review Summary The knowledge that t
Page 48 and 49: Review Summary The project was felt
Page 52 and 53: It is clear that the EC legislative
Page 54 and 55: if the vaccines currently available
Page 56 and 57: Four published papers have come out
Page 58 and 59: Review Summary This epidemiological
Page 60 and 61: Project code: OZO316 Project title:
Page 64 and 65: agricultural industry/public health
Page 66 and 67: testing laboratories. In addition,
Page 68 and 69: animal pathogen but is a human path
Page 70 and 71: esearch has also substantially impr
Page 72 and 73: to elucidate the antigenic repertoi
Page 74 and 75:
and have contributed to our underst
Page 76 and 77:
Fundamental issues concerning the f
Page 78 and 79:
Review summary Project OZ0606 focus
Page 80 and 81:
Abstract of research OZ0608 The ado
Page 82 and 83:
thinning process for molecular trac
Page 84 and 85:
Project code: LK0665 Project title:
Page 86 and 87:
Review summary While poultry meat i
Page 88 and 89:
Review summary A key aim of this pr
Page 90 and 91:
Review summary This project aimed t
Page 92 and 93:
Project code: OZ0709 Project title:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Project code: OZ0138C Project title
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Abstract of research Projects OZ070
Page 104 and 105:
produced were both relevant and imp
Page 106 and 107:
List of External Reviewers. Mr. Pau
Page 108 and 109:
Review of Defra’s FBZ Research Pr
Page 110 and 111:
Review of Defra’s FBZ Research Pr
Page 112 and 113:
Annex 5 - Review Timetable 112
Page 114 and 115:
11.45 - 12.00 Bovine and Porcine Fo
Page 116:
Campylobacter Other 11.50 - 12.05 P
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