Review of the Food-borne Zoonoses Research ... - ARCHIVE: Defra

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2. Campylobacter review summary 2.1 Success of research in providing value to Defra Campylobacter species is the most common cause of bacterial food-borne illness in the UK. While there are a number of routes by which humans are exposed to Campylobacter, poultry meat is thought to be an important source of infection. A reduction in Campylobacter colonisation of poultry flocks is therefore a Defra priority, and a substantial portion of the Animal Health and Welfare research budget has been directed to this subject. At the time of commissioning some of the research covered by this review, the role of poultry as a source for human campylobacteriosis was still uncertain. This uncertainty stemmed from a poor understanding of Campylobacter sp. and their epidemiology. Research within this programme has increased our understanding of this organism significantly, and revealed the difficulties in typing due to the genetic instability of campylobacters. An MLST method for Campylobacter sp., developed under Defra funding, is of fundamental importance in providing a robust method for typing this genus. In addition, the MLST method has been adopted by clinical laboratories for use in typing human isolates, and the tool has been adopted at international level demonstrating the value of the work performed. A project investigating carriage of Campylobacter spp. in pet dogs indicated that the common causes of human infection, C. jejuni and C. coli, are not often isolated from dogs. Veterinarians are regularly asked about pets as sources of human infection and this project was valuable in providing reassurance on this issue. Investment in research into the bacterium and its survival, persistence and epidemiology in poultry flocks has increased the knowledge base of this human pathogen which, it is anticipated, will be of value in developing effective controls for this organism. A number of research projects within this programme have investigated non-biosecurity interventions including, competitive exclusion, vaccination, maternal antibodies and innate immunity. This has been a difficult area of research, however the widespread 22
nature of Campylobacter, and lack of success in controlling this organism through biosecurity, highlights the necessity for progressing other potential approaches to control. 2.2 Issues and areas of concern relating to this research A number of concerns were voiced by the reviewers in relation to the Campylobacter research programme: 1. It was felt that teams working on Campylobacter research often did so in isolation from each other. Increasing collaboration, and bringing the complementary expertise of different teams together would be beneficial to progressing the science in this area. 2. At present Defra, FSA and BBSRC each hold separate reviews of their research programmes. While each are kept abreast of work being funded by the others and there was not a problem in duplication of effort, it was suggested that a more joined up approach to research reviews would be useful in identifying gaps in research. 3. Reviewers highlighted the importance of contractors alerting Defra when project objectives are found to no longer be appropriate. This enables an alternative project plan to be agreed so that the contract still delivers information that is of value to Defra. 4. Research has shown a small seasonal effect on Campylobacter colonisation in chickens in the UK. It is therefore important to ensure any research into interventions is properly designed to prevent conclusions being drawn on natural fluctuations in Campylobacter levels. 5. For vaccination or competitive exclusion to be of significant use in the future it is important to build links with industry to take work to the next stage and test findings under field conditions. 2.3 Gaps in research While the development of MLST for Campylobacter sp. was acknowledged to be of fundamental importance, reviewers agreed that it was not the perfect epidemiological tool 23
Page 2 and 3: Contents Section A - Introduction..
Page 4 and 5: Review of the Food-borne Zoonoses (
Page 6 and 7: Plans for taking forward these prio
Page 8 and 9: Policy Objectives The key policy ob
Page 10 and 11: Figure 2. Laboratory reports of Sal
Page 12 and 13: Figure 4. Laboratory reports of Cam
Page 14 and 15: 6. Aims of the FBZ research review
Page 16 and 17: Section B - Review Summaries 16
Page 18 and 19: epidemiology of Salmonella and anti
Page 20 and 21: There is a need to objectively asse
Page 24 and 25: for this organism. Research within
Page 26 and 27: 3. E. coli review summary 3.1 Succe
Page 28 and 29: 4. Other zoonotic pathogens of inte
Page 30 and 31: Annex 1 - Projects Reviewed 30
Page 32 and 33: OZ0311 Conventional versus capillar
Page 34 and 35: OZ0402 OZ0404 OZ0405 OZ0407 OZ0604
Page 36 and 37: OZ0704 OZ0705 OZ0706 OZ0707 Quantif
Page 38 and 39: Annex 2 - Project Abstracts and Pro
Page 40 and 41: To test the suitability of the AFLP
Page 42 and 43: Project code: OZ0324 Project title:
Page 46 and 47: Review Summary The knowledge that t
Page 48 and 49: Review Summary The project was felt
Page 52 and 53: It is clear that the EC legislative
Page 54 and 55: if the vaccines currently available
Page 56 and 57: Four published papers have come out
Page 58 and 59: Review Summary This epidemiological
Page 60 and 61: Project code: OZO316 Project title:
Page 64 and 65: agricultural industry/public health
Page 66 and 67: testing laboratories. In addition,
Page 68 and 69: animal pathogen but is a human path
Page 70 and 71: esearch has also substantially impr
Page 72 and 73:
to elucidate the antigenic repertoi
Page 74 and 75:
and have contributed to our underst
Page 76 and 77:
Fundamental issues concerning the f
Page 78 and 79:
Review summary Project OZ0606 focus
Page 80 and 81:
Abstract of research OZ0608 The ado
Page 82 and 83:
thinning process for molecular trac
Page 84 and 85:
Project code: LK0665 Project title:
Page 86 and 87:
Review summary While poultry meat i
Page 88 and 89:
Review summary A key aim of this pr
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Review summary This project aimed t
Page 92 and 93:
Project code: OZ0709 Project title:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Project code: OZ0138C Project title
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Abstract of research Projects OZ070
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produced were both relevant and imp
Page 106 and 107:
List of External Reviewers. Mr. Pau
Page 108 and 109:
Review of Defra’s FBZ Research Pr
Page 110 and 111:
Review of Defra’s FBZ Research Pr
Page 112 and 113:
Annex 5 - Review Timetable 112
Page 114 and 115:
11.45 - 12.00 Bovine and Porcine Fo
Page 116:
Campylobacter Other 11.50 - 12.05 P
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Review of the Food-borne Zoonoses Research ... - ARCHIVE: Defra

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