Greening Mass Transit & Metro Regions: The Final Report - MTA
Greening Mass Transit & Metro Regions: The Final Report - MTA
Greening Mass Transit & Metro Regions: The Final Report - MTA
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TRANSFORMATIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS<br />
Recommendation 1. Reduce Potable Water Used to Cool Transformers<br />
<strong>The</strong> Commission recommends that the <strong>MTA</strong> seek a significant reduction in its use of potable water by up to 75 percent<br />
by 2020. This target is based on engineering estimates rather than actual measurements and may be revised when more<br />
accurate data are available. <strong>The</strong> most dramatic reductions would come from innovations in the NYCT transformer cooling<br />
systems. <strong>The</strong> <strong>MTA</strong> currently draws between 1.2 to 1.4 billion gallons of potable water per year to cool subway transformers,<br />
at a cost of roughly $1 million annually. This water is currently used for once-through cooling and then discharged into<br />
storm or sanitary sewers. While nonpotable after use, the cooling water is relatively clean and could be recovered by the<br />
<strong>MTA</strong> or a private entity. It may also be possible to capture and use heat from the spent cooling water. <strong>The</strong> water could be<br />
directed to a manufacturer or other private ventures for reuse.<br />
If feasible, the <strong>MTA</strong> could purchase chilled water from buildings near substations with coolers and excess capacity. <strong>The</strong><br />
chilled water would be piped down to the substations, then piped back up to the building systems. This strategy, recommended<br />
by the Commission, could result in significant potable water reductions in a shorter period of time than the <strong>MTA</strong><br />
Capital Program's current plan to upgrade subway system substations by converting to air-cooled transformers by 2048.<br />
Recommendation 2. Seek Innovative Uses for Pumped Groundwater<br />
On a dry day, New York City <strong>Transit</strong> pumps some 8 million gallons of groundwater from underground streams and other<br />
subterranean sources to keep subway tunnels dry. <strong>The</strong> Commission believes the <strong>MTA</strong> could turn this liability into an asset<br />
by developing geothermal and other beneficial uses of the groundwater. <strong>The</strong> <strong>MTA</strong> should work with the NYC DEP to<br />
research and develop greywater resources for possible use in <strong>MTA</strong> subway stations and bus depots, geothermal uses for<br />
new residential construction, hospitals, businesses, and city agencies. Program steps would include:<br />
• Identify and map significant groundwater flows in subway tunnels and match to potential customers. <strong>The</strong> <strong>MTA</strong> has<br />
deep-well stations in East New York, Flatbush, Williamsburg, and Harlem.<br />
• Conduct feasibility studies to assess potential supply and demand; engineering and distribution feasibility; cost/benefit<br />
analysis; sustainable return on investment SROI (for SROI, see the chapter on <strong>Transit</strong>’s Triple Bottom Line); potential<br />
partnerships, carbon trade, and funding opportunities.<br />
OLLAND TUNNEL<br />
PATH<br />
Hudson River<br />
LINCOLN TUNNEL<br />
NJ<strong>Transit</strong> Amtrak<br />
PATH<br />
SIDE PARK<br />
k<br />
12 AV<br />
RIVERSIDE DR<br />
RIVERBANK<br />
STATE PARK<br />
RIVERSIDE DR<br />
Amtrak<br />
WASH AV<br />
WEST END AV 11 AV<br />
9 AV<br />
COLUMBUS AV<br />
AMSTERDAM AV 10 AV<br />
66 ST<br />
53 ST 34 St-Penn<br />
12 AV<br />
1<br />
145 ST<br />
23 ST<br />
L<br />
CHELSEA<br />
23 St<br />
B<br />
D<br />
14 St<br />
F<br />
A<br />
CE<br />
Christopher St<br />
V 8 ST<br />
9 St<br />
WASHINGTON<br />
SQUARE PARK<br />
1<br />
2<br />
NOHO<br />
3<br />
BLEECKER ST<br />
GREENWICH<br />
VILLAGE<br />
WEST ST<br />
BANK ST<br />
GREENWICH ST<br />
WEST ST<br />
PATH<br />
135 ST<br />
CHARLTON ST<br />
ST NICHOLAS AV<br />
r<br />
33 St<br />
WTC Site WTC E<br />
GRAND ST<br />
MADISON AV MADISON AV<br />
FIFTH AV 5 AV<br />
50 ST 50 ST<br />
JAVITS<br />
CENTER<br />
BROADWAY<br />
HUDSON RIVER PARK<br />
ELLIS<br />
ISLAND<br />
FREDERICK<br />
DOUGLASS BLVD<br />
BLEECKER ST<br />
HOUSTON ST<br />
CANAL ST<br />
ADAM CLAYTON<br />
POWELL BLVD (7AV)<br />
SPRING ST<br />
W 4 ST<br />
MALCOLM X BLVD<br />
(LENOX AV)<br />
PARK AV<br />
PEARL ST<br />
BOWERY<br />
THIRD AV 3 AV<br />
SECOND AV 2 AV<br />
79 ST<br />
72 ST<br />
2 AV<br />
ST ANNS AV<br />
BRUCKNER EXPWY<br />
YORK AV<br />
FIRST AV 1 AV<br />
66 ST<br />
F<br />
3 AV<br />
WATER ST<br />
T R AMWAY<br />
59 ST<br />
23 ST<br />
1 AV<br />
ALLEN ST<br />
BRIDGE<br />
ROBERT F KENNEDY<br />
QUEENS<br />
MIDTOWN<br />
TUNNEL<br />
EAST 8 ST<br />
VILLAGE<br />
CANAL ST<br />
E BWAY<br />
SOUTH ST<br />
QUEENSBORO BRIDGE<br />
AV A<br />
AV B<br />
MADISON ST<br />
163 ST<br />
4 ST<br />
2 ST<br />
BROOKLYN-BATTERY TUNNEL<br />
AV D<br />
PROSPECT AV<br />
Long<br />
Island<br />
City<br />
21 ST<br />
MANHATTAN BRIDGE<br />
BROOKLYN BRIDGE<br />
COLUMBIA ST<br />
20 AV<br />
East River<br />
Hunterspoint Av<br />
HICKS ST<br />
HENRY ST<br />
36 ST<br />
STEINWAY ST<br />
GREENPOINT AV<br />
LIRR<br />
LONG ISLAND EXPWY<br />
9 ST<br />
KENT AV<br />
DITMARS BLVD<br />
ASTORIA BLVD<br />
30 AV<br />
NASSAU AV<br />
FLUSHING AV<br />
BERGEN ST<br />
UNION ST<br />
BRONX-WHITESTONE BRIDGE<br />
125 ST UNION TURNPIKE<br />
BROADWAY<br />
LIBERTY<br />
ISLAND<br />
B<br />
ST NICHOLAS AV<br />
CENTRAL PARK WEST<br />
EIGHTH AV<br />
EIGHTH AV<br />
BROADWAY<br />
7<br />
SEVENTH AV<br />
B<br />
3<br />
4<br />
5<br />
6<br />
86 St 86 St<br />
A<br />
C<br />
B<br />
D MANHATTAN<br />
79 St<br />
UPPER<br />
WEST<br />
SIDE<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
CENTRAL<br />
PARK<br />
WEST Times Sq-42 SIDE St CENTRAL PARK SOUTH<br />
34 St-Herald Sq<br />
Canal St<br />
Chambers St<br />
Cortlandt St<br />
BATTERY<br />
PARK CITY<br />
Central Park<br />
GR ENWICH AV<br />
VARICK ST<br />
SIXTH AV<br />
SIXTH AV<br />
CHURCH ST<br />
TRINITY PL<br />
BATTERY<br />
PARK CITY<br />
5<br />
D<br />
METROPOLITAN<br />
MUSEUM<br />
OF ART<br />
53 ST<br />
BROADWAY<br />
BROADWAY<br />
1<br />
4<br />
North HARLEM 110 StHarlem<br />
125 St<br />
2<br />
3<br />
47-50 Sts-<br />
Rockefeller Ctr<br />
TRIBECA<br />
S<br />
WEST NEW<br />
BRIGHTON<br />
4<br />
5<br />
6<br />
SOHO<br />
NEW<br />
BRIGHTON<br />
125 St<br />
PARK AV S<br />
6<br />
LAFAYETTE ST<br />
J<br />
M<br />
Z<br />
LEXINGTON AV<br />
63 ST<br />
60 ST<br />
HOUSTON ST<br />
FINANCIAL<br />
DISTRICT<br />
THE HUB<br />
EAST<br />
HARLEM<br />
UPPER<br />
EAST<br />
SIDE<br />
UNITED<br />
NATIONS<br />
LITTLE ITALY<br />
CHINATOWN<br />
E 138 ST<br />
2 3<br />
M<br />
MOTT HAVEN<br />
6<br />
ROOSEVELT<br />
ISLAND<br />
EV<br />
RANDALLS<br />
ISLAND<br />
4<br />
6<br />
41 AV<br />
EAST<br />
RIVER<br />
PARK<br />
LOWER<br />
EAST SIDE<br />
DELANCEY ST<br />
RUTGERS ST<br />
A C<br />
WESTCHEST<br />
SOUTHERN BLVD<br />
VERNON BLVD<br />
LONG<br />
ISLAND<br />
CITY<br />
Queens Plaza<br />
23 St<br />
J M<br />
Chambers St<br />
GOVERNORS<br />
ISLAND<br />
MANHATTAN AV<br />
L<br />
N 7 ST<br />
WILLIAMSBURG<br />
BRIDGE<br />
F<br />
G<br />
7<br />
GREENPOINT<br />
BD<br />
FULTON<br />
LANDING<br />
BROOKLYN<br />
HEIGHTS<br />
HUNTS<br />
POINT<br />
36 St<br />
G<br />
31 ST<br />
NAVY<br />
YARD<br />
ASTORIA<br />
G<br />
NEW YORK<br />
TRANSIT MUSEUM<br />
CARROLL<br />
GARDENS<br />
RED<br />
HOOK<br />
RIKERS<br />
ISLAND<br />
V<br />
J M Z<br />
JAY ST<br />
SMITH ST<br />
BROADWAY<br />
QUEENS BLVD<br />
CALVARY<br />
CEMETERY<br />
WILLIAMSBURG<br />
FLATBUSH AV<br />
F<br />
EF<br />
7<br />
Flood-prone locations in the NYCT system and other locations where flooding or water entry into the<br />
system occurred in the past.<br />
G<br />
JACKSON<br />
HEIGHTS<br />
48 ST<br />
MYRTLE AV<br />
TH<br />
LAGUARDIA<br />
AIRPORT<br />
83 ST<br />
82 ST<br />
65 St<br />
D<br />
=N<br />
Woodside<br />
58 ST<br />
LIC-Court Square<br />
Broadway<br />
Borough Hall<br />
5<br />
Nevins St<br />
FORT GREENE Law rence St<br />
NEW<br />
CALVARY<br />
CEMETERY<br />
Jefferson St<br />
BUSHWICK AV<br />
BEDFORD AV<br />
FOURTH AV FOURTH A<br />
NINTH ST<br />
FIFTH AV<br />
J Z<br />
UNION AV<br />
LAFAYETTE AV<br />
FLATBUSH AV<br />
PARK<br />
SLOPE<br />
D<br />
M<br />
PROSPECT AV<br />
GREENWOOD<br />
CEMETERY<br />
NORTHERN BLVD<br />
7<br />
ROOSEVELT AV<br />
MAURICE AV<br />
37 AV<br />
MT ZION<br />
CEMETERY<br />
QUEENS<br />
BROOKLYN<br />
METROPOLITAN AV<br />
WILSON AV<br />
FULTON ST<br />
M<br />
G<br />
WASHINGTON<br />
PROSPECT<br />
PARK<br />
PARSONS BLVD<br />
NEW YORK AV<br />
BEDFORD AV<br />
69 ST<br />
WYCKOFF AV<br />
MYRTLE AV<br />
BROOKLYN<br />
BOTANIC<br />
GARDEN<br />
MC<br />
N PKWY PARKSIDE AV<br />
7<br />
JUNCTION BLVD<br />
EFG<br />
V<br />
Nostrand Av<br />
111 ST<br />
FOREST AV<br />
BUSHWICK AV<br />
O<br />
WHITESTONE EXPWY<br />
BROADWAY<br />
CONEY IS<br />
Shea Stadium<br />
QUEENS BLVD<br />
JUNIPER<br />
VALLEY<br />
PARK<br />
MIDDLE<br />
VILLAGE<br />
MT OLIVET<br />
CEMETERY LUTHERAN M<br />
CEMETERY<br />
S<br />
CORONA<br />
MASPETH<br />
Myrtle Av<br />
BEDFORD-<br />
STUYVESANT<br />
RIDGEWOOD<br />
BUSHWICK<br />
Flushing Av<br />
Hoyt Schermerhorn<br />
Union St<br />
A C<br />
LIRR<br />
BERGEN ST<br />
EASTERN PARKWAY<br />
2<br />
5<br />
E 15 ST<br />
L<br />
J<br />
7<br />
CROWN<br />
HEIGHTS<br />
Flushing<br />
FULTON ST<br />
FLATBUSH<br />
112 ST<br />
NORTHERN BLVD<br />
Murray<br />
Hill<br />
KI SENA BLVD<br />
UTICA AV<br />
NOSTRAND AV<br />
FLUSHING<br />
FLUSHING<br />
MEADOWS<br />
CORONA<br />
PARK<br />
MAIN ST<br />
COLLEGE POINT BLVD<br />
HORACE HARDING EXPWY<br />
AUSTIN ST<br />
REGO PARK<br />
Forest<br />
Hills<br />
FOREST<br />
HILLS<br />
WINTHROP ST<br />
FLATBUSH AV<br />
ST JOHNS<br />
CEMETERY<br />
4<br />
AV H<br />
MYRTLE AV<br />
UTICA AV<br />
CHURCH AV<br />
BEDFORD A<br />
GLENDALE<br />
NEW YORK AV<br />
2 5<br />
G<br />
Broadway<br />
EVERGREEN<br />
CEMETERY<br />
East NY<br />
KISSENA<br />
PARK<br />
JEWEL AV<br />
JACKIE ROBINSON PARKWAY<br />
FULTON ST<br />
VAN SINDEREN AV<br />
OCEAN HILL- Utica BROWNSVILLE Av<br />
EAST<br />
FLATBUSH<br />
LIVONIA AV<br />
KINGS HWY<br />
LIRR<br />
3<br />
BROOKLYN<br />
Auburndale<br />
E<br />
Kew<br />
Gardens<br />
KEW<br />
GARDENS<br />
BERGEN ST<br />
LIRR<br />
LIRR<br />
Bayside<br />
LONG ISLAND EXPWY<br />
REMSEN AV<br />
FLATLANDS AV<br />
164 ST<br />
QUEENS BLVD<br />
PITKIN AV<br />
QUEENS<br />
Top 4 Locations<br />
Other Locations<br />
KEW<br />
GARDENS<br />
HILLS<br />
METROPOLITAN AV<br />
FOREST<br />
PARK<br />
J Z<br />
RICHMOND<br />
HILL<br />
EAST<br />
NEW<br />
YORK<br />
JAMAICA AV<br />
L<br />
WOODHAVEN BLVD<br />
C<br />
3<br />
HILLCREST<br />
F<br />
VAN SICLEN AV<br />
PENNSYLVANIA AV<br />
FLATLANDS<br />
PARSONS BLVD<br />
WOODHAVEN<br />
LIBERTY AV<br />
CROSS BAY BLVD<br />
UTOPIA PKWY<br />
LEFFERTS BLVD<br />
111 ST<br />
A<br />
PITKIN AV<br />
OZONE<br />
PARK<br />
CANARSIE<br />
FRESH<br />
MEADOWS<br />
Parsons Blvd<br />
Sutphin<br />
Blvd/Archer<br />
Av/JFK Airport<br />
HILLSIDE AV<br />
A<br />
HOWARD BEACH<br />
NORTHERN BLVD<br />
CLEARVIEW EXPWY<br />
FRANCIS LEWIS BLVD<br />
JAMAICA<br />
ESTATES<br />
Jamaica<br />
Bay<br />
E J Z<br />
Jamaica<br />
ARCHER AV<br />
VAN WYCK EXPWY<br />
A<br />
F<br />
JAMAICA<br />
CROSS BAY BLVD<br />
JAMAICA<br />
BAY<br />
WILDLIFE<br />
REFUGE<br />
NEL DR<br />
CU<br />
JAMAIC<br />
GUY R.<br />
SUTPHI<br />
CONDUIT AV<br />
CR<br />
VETERA<br />
MEMORIAL<br />
BRIDGE<br />
S<br />
ROCK<br />
A S<br />
<strong>MTA</strong> Flood Response<br />
<strong>MTA</strong> water policies include coping with the kind of weather-related<br />
disruptions likely to be aggravated by climate<br />
change and rising sea levels. Most recently, a storm in<br />
August 2007 brought widespread flooding.<br />
Subways and low-lying rights-of-way were submerged;<br />
pumps were overwhelmed; debris blocked drains. As a<br />
result, much of the <strong>MTA</strong> rail system ceased to operate for<br />
several hours, while bus service saw disruptions across<br />
New York City and Nassau County. Bridges and Tunnels<br />
experienced traffic backups from localized flooding. In all,<br />
over 2.5 million transit customers were affected. In<br />
response, the <strong>MTA</strong> issued a comprehensive storm report<br />
and <strong>MTA</strong> agencies are now working with local communities<br />
to anticipate flood areas, prepare alternative routes,<br />
improve communications, deploy increased pump capacity,<br />
and other measures. For more on <strong>MTA</strong> storm response<br />
and related issues, see the Climate Adaptation chapter in<br />
this report or go to www.mta.info/environment. <strong>The</strong><br />
water management recommendations in this chapter will<br />
improve the <strong>MTA</strong>’s ability to deal with storms and their<br />
effects in the future.<br />
53
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