History of the Johnstones, 1191-1909, with ... - Electric Scotland

History of the Johnstones, 1191-1909, with ... - Electric Scotland History of the Johnstones, 1191-1909, with ... - Electric Scotland

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222 DEATH OF LORD LYTTELTON Johnstone continued to the last four years of his life to publish, in the organs of the Medical Societies of Edinburgh and London, remarkable cases that had come under his notice and the result. He was the recipient of the first medal presented by the London Society. In all he brought out seventeen books and essays, apart from writings on non-medical subjects. He was a member of the Philosophical and Literary Society of Manchester and of the Philosophical Society of Bath, and wrote in their journals. But his most important discovery was perhaps the treatment of fevers, and the arrest of infection by sulphuric or muriatic acid mixed with common salt placed in an open jar in the patient's room. He used it seventeen years before Guyton Morveau purified the Cathedral of Dijon with a similar mixture, and twentytwo years before Dr Carmichael Smyth corrected contagion in Winchester Prison in the same way. He even advised it to disinfect his father's house after his sisters and brother died of consumption in 1756, 1761, and 1769. When George, Lord Lyttelton, was dying in May 1773, he told Johnstone to write minute particulars of his illness to Mrs Montagu, and also of a con- versation on Christianity and his spiritual state, which he began by telling the Doctor that he was going to make him his confessor. Dr Samuel Johnson, in his Lives of the Poets, gives a part of the letter, and Miss Warner, in her Notes to Original Letters, gives the whole. Johnstone had to defend himself from some critics who accused him of revealing the secrets of a death-bed, which ought to be as sacred to the physician as to the priest, and he explained that he acted entirely by Lord Lyttelton's command. 1 Lady Lyttelton, the deceased's daughter-in-law, confirmed this statement to several of her friends, and she was a constant attendant at her father-in-law's death-bed. Mrs Montagu's reply to Johnstone's " excellent " letter showed she appre- ciated it. " Lord Lyttelton," she wrote, "was enabled to be in death, as in life, the best of examples to mankind. The solemn event is often attended with such disorder of body and mind that the wisest and best men only show the weak and frail condition of humanity . . . and rather inform the spectator what he is to suffer than how to support suffering. This excellent, incomparable man was a noble instance how virtue, integrity, and faith rob death of its sting, the grave of its victory. . . . My house when he appeared in it was a school of knowledge and virtue to the young. . . . But as such a friend is the best worldly gift Heaven bestows, I most gratefully acknowledge the goodness of God in having permitted me to enjoy such a friend and such an example, and submit with humble resignation to the stroke that deprives me of a much greater good and advantage and honour than I ever could merit. I am glad that all that human skill and care could do was done to prolong a life so valuable to us, and that in you he had the consolation of the friend he 1 In the so-called fictitious letters of Thomas, Lord Lyttelton, occurs: "When you are here I will amuse you with a pamphlet which is a complete physical or rather anatomical reply to those who defend the right of self-murder ; it is a treatise on the Ganglions of the Nerves by a Dr Johnstone, a physician in my neighbourhood ; it is written with the pen of a scholar, and possesses throughout a most perspicuous ingenuity. This gentleman attended my father in his last illness, and was not only his physician but his confessor."

THOMAS'S ILLNESS 223 loved as well as the physician he respected and trusted. I wished we lived nearer to each other, that I might hope to inherit some part of the friendship you had for this deceased friend. I will hope so far that if ever it is in my power to be of any little service to you or yours you will command me. If your son should go abroad to finish his studies it is not impossible I might be of some use in getting recommendations to persons whose acquaintance might be of some little use, as I have a pretty extensive acquaintance among foreigners. The character I heard of Mr Johnstone, your son, both from good Lord Lyttelton and Dr Gregory, 1 makes me sincerely congratulate you on the pleasing hopes you may reasonably indulge of his success in the world. He has been very unfortunate in losing two such friends, but his father's character and his promising genius will do everything for him." The younger James graduated at Edinburgh in Sept. 1773. His papers and debates before the Medical Society of Edinburgh were considered by Dr Cullen and Dr Gregory as remarkably clever, and he acted as clinical clerk to Gregory to prepare cases for the lectures at the Infirmary. His thesis, " De Angina Maligna," was recommended to the attention of physicians by Dr Cullen, for, as he said, it was based on his father's observations. It was the subject of much congratulation in his family; and of two letters from his aged grandmother to her son in Worcestershire, in the second of which she says : " I pray indeed that James, Thomas, and Edward may be as you say good men. Your father, if he is spared, rests upon what you say as to the land, and we will be glad to see you here if it be with your convenience. Your father and I are both in our ordinary state of health, but we can get no money from Mr B or Mr C though the last has owed us ,£10 since June." (Nov. 5, 1773.) Six months earlier she wrote: "You told me in your last that Thomas was ill of fever and that the young doctor was waiting on him. I am heartily sorry to hear it, and beg you will write and tell me how my grandson is, directly you receive this as I am very impatient to hear. May God bless you and all your family. I am dear son your affectionate Mother. " Annan, May 9." Young James had gone by sea from Edinburgh to London by his father's desire to look after Thomas who had been put into a merchant's office, and fallen ill. He wrote from London, April 30, 1773: "My brother has been gradually mending every day since I wrote last, but is not yet able to sit up above half an hour in the day. His spirits are exceedingly good and he is as lively in conversation as ever. I called at Mr Pulteney's on Wednesday last but he had gone to Shrewsbury. He is expected home in a day or two so I shall call again. I have been twice to Mrs Montagu but was so unfortunate as not to meet with her at home. Lady Valentia has received your letter she desires me to tell you that she cannot leave town till May 6 but wishes to have the children removed to Mr Vicary's and inoculated as soon as you Forbes. 1 Mrs Montagu was related to Dr Gregory's wife, daughter of the fourteenth Lord

THOMAS'S ILLNESS 223<br />

loved as well as <strong>the</strong> physician he respected and trusted. I wished we lived<br />

nearer to each o<strong>the</strong>r, that I might hope to inherit some part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> friendship<br />

you had for this deceased friend. I will hope so far that if ever it is in my<br />

power to be <strong>of</strong> any little service to you or yours you will command me. If<br />

your son should go abroad to finish his studies it is not impossible I might be<br />

<strong>of</strong> some use in getting recommendations to persons whose acquaintance might<br />

be <strong>of</strong> some little use, as I have a pretty extensive acquaintance among<br />

foreigners. The character I heard <strong>of</strong> Mr Johnstone, your son, both from good<br />

Lord Lyttelton and Dr Gregory, 1 makes me sincerely congratulate you on <strong>the</strong><br />

pleasing hopes you may reasonably indulge <strong>of</strong> his success in <strong>the</strong> world. He<br />

has been very unfortunate in losing two such friends, but his fa<strong>the</strong>r's character<br />

and his promising genius will do everything for him."<br />

The younger James graduated at Edinburgh in Sept. 1773. His papers<br />

and debates before <strong>the</strong> Medical Society <strong>of</strong> Edinburgh were considered by<br />

Dr Cullen and Dr Gregory as remarkably clever, and he acted as clinical clerk<br />

to Gregory to prepare cases for <strong>the</strong> lectures at <strong>the</strong> Infirmary. His <strong>the</strong>sis, " De<br />

Angina Maligna," was recommended to <strong>the</strong> attention <strong>of</strong> physicians by Dr<br />

Cullen, for, as he said, it was based on his fa<strong>the</strong>r's observations. It was<br />

<strong>the</strong> subject <strong>of</strong> much congratulation in his family; and <strong>of</strong> two letters from his<br />

aged grandmo<strong>the</strong>r to her son in Worcestershire, in <strong>the</strong> second <strong>of</strong> which she says :<br />

" I pray indeed that James, Thomas, and Edward may be as you say good men.<br />

Your fa<strong>the</strong>r, if he is spared, rests upon what you say as to <strong>the</strong> land, and we will<br />

be glad to see you here if it be <strong>with</strong> your convenience. Your fa<strong>the</strong>r and I are<br />

both in our ordinary state <strong>of</strong> health, but we can get no money from Mr B<br />

or Mr C though <strong>the</strong> last has owed us ,£10 since June." (Nov. 5, 1773.)<br />

Six months earlier she wrote: "You told me in your last that Thomas was<br />

ill <strong>of</strong> fever and that <strong>the</strong> young doctor was waiting on him. I am heartily sorry<br />

to hear it, and beg you will write and tell me how my grandson is, directly you<br />

receive this as I am very impatient to hear. May God bless you and all your<br />

family. I am dear son your affectionate Mo<strong>the</strong>r.<br />

" Annan, May 9."<br />

Young James had gone by sea from Edinburgh to London by his fa<strong>the</strong>r's<br />

desire to look after Thomas who had been put into a merchant's <strong>of</strong>fice, and<br />

fallen ill. He wrote from London, April 30, 1773: "My bro<strong>the</strong>r has been<br />

gradually mending every day since I wrote last, but is not yet able to sit up<br />

above half an hour in <strong>the</strong> day. His spirits are exceedingly good and he is as<br />

lively in conversation as ever. I called at Mr Pulteney's on Wednesday last<br />

but he had gone to Shrewsbury. He is expected home in a day or two so<br />

I shall call again. I have been twice to Mrs Montagu but was so unfortunate<br />

as not to meet <strong>with</strong> her at home. Lady Valentia has received your letter<br />

she desires me to tell you that she cannot leave town till May 6 but wishes to<br />

have <strong>the</strong> children removed to Mr Vicary's and inoculated as soon as you<br />

Forbes.<br />

1 Mrs Montagu was related to Dr Gregory's wife, daughter <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fourteenth Lord

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