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Introduction Computer Aided Information Navigation: Project Description David Ribeiro Lamas* Jennifer Jerrams-Smith *Department of Computing, DEC Bournemouth University, England {dlamas, jj-smith}@bournemouth.ac.uk Feliz Ribeiro Gouveia *Multimedia Resource Center Universidade Fernando Pessoa Portugal fribeiro@ufp.pt The Computer Aided Information Navigation (CAIN) project is proposed as a system that maximises information navigation quality on very large hypertext databases, such as the World Wide Web, without interfering with them. Maximising information navigation quality means to reach the desired information faster and more accurately trying to avoid common hypertext’s user problems such as information and memory overload or disorientation. This will be accomplished by creating a local and collaborative environment which will act as an interface between users and the data infrastructure. This environment will be responsible by maintaining meta-information about the referred infrastructure as well as by maintaining information on users models and preferences and to use that same information to direct and optimise users’ interaction with the system. As a way of describing the system without any ambiguity, Z was adopted as the formal notation for specifying the several system components. No operations will be described because World Wide Web creation and authoring are far away from this projects’ aims and scope. General architecture At a general level the whole system architecture is decomposed into three layers. The data infrastructure – Level 0, in this prototype, will be the World Wide Web with its HTML pages and page embedded links. The information layer – Level 1 – is an automatically generated and tagged node and link database which represents the users known world. The basic purpose of this layer is to enable some sort of local hypertext manipulation and, eventually, visualisation of the known hypertext network. This automatically recorded database will also work as an enhanced navigation history keeper and will enable features as bi-directional navigation to and from any node on the hypertext network among others. The knowledge layer – Level 2 – is the core of the whole proposed architecture. At this level information about the nodes and links is stored enabling a generation of a sort of semantic network whose edges are information layer selected and frame described nodes and whose arcs are information layer selected and typed [Bloomfield 1994] links. This semantic network will, in some way, be combined with a user model [Beaumont 1994] database by a guiding agent [Brusilovsky 1995] now named the Butler. The Butler definition is the real aim of the proposed project. Level 0’s scope, however, is limited to the actual HTML pages and the related links. Within the pages themselves every link will be dealt with be it a link to another page, a link to a specific position on another page or a link to other parts of the current page. For a formal definition of the subset of the data infrastructure elements addressed by this prototype’s architecture a Z definition will be provided. One set is assumed, [URL]. It
epresents the set of all possible Uniform Resource Locators all over the internet but for now only the HTTP addresses are relevant which leads to the definition of the subset: Pointer: P URL which contains only the selected range of addresses. It is possible to describe the World Wide Web as: DataInfrastructure node: Pointer © Content title: Pointer © S links: Pointer © P Pointer – dom node = dom title dom links = dom node where node relates each valid URL with its contents, title maps each valid URL with its title and links each node with a set of nodes. The information layer is a shared node and link database created co-operatively by a group of users with similar interests. While they navigate the World Wide Web, the system records every step taken into a common local database. There are several problems in this related with consistency maintenance, co-operative browsing, ownership and privacy. KnownPointer: P URL – KnownPointer z Pointer MappedDataInfrastructure knownNode: KnownPointer © Pointer knownTitle: KnownPointer © S knownLinks: KnownPointer © P Pointer – dom knownNode = dom knownTitle dom knownLinks = dom knownNode InformationLayer knownNode: Pointer © Content knownTitle: Pointer © S knownLinks: Pointer © P Pointer – dom node = dom title dom links = dom node Final remarks The next step on this project is to specify and implement Level 2. Besides the possibility of helping groups of users navigate in large information spaces through the sharing of individual experiences, CAIN also addresses issues of adaptive interaction. We hope to let the helper agents inside CAIN evolve so as to adapt to a user profile. Agents can follow each others user preferences when engaging in exchange of information. Information navigation is thus seen as a process of collaborative interaction. References [Beaumont 1995] Beaumont, I., Brusilovsky, P. (1995). Adaptive educational hypermedia: from ideas to real systems, H. Maurers, Eds., ED-MEDIA '95, Association for the advancement of computing education, Graz, Austria. 93-98.
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Proceedings of WebNet 96— WebNet
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FULL PAPERS BRIAN BEVIRT Designing
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THIERRY LEVOIR & REMI BASTIDE SADS:
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MASAYASU AOTANI Distance education
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IAIN LANGDON Education for Changing
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PANELS M J MCALISTER, P COMER & MIS
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Designing Hypertext Navigation Tool
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Organize the Contents of Your Site
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multiple hierarchy charts have to b
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Developing Structured WWW-Sites wit
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Links refer to Templates. From the
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typing tool, which on the one hand
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and implement commercial Web-sites.
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constraints. It is important to rem
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A three-rowed "desktop" was used as
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All assignments were tracked, and s
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Figure 5: Student Information Toolb
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positive values to the course: 1. F
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2. Problem Areas We have identified
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in our system is quite large, and p
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map information for display into th
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- whether these new applications co
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4.3. The Production Phase The produ
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Requests 2500000 2000000 1500000 10
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information systems. Since late 199
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QuestWriter, which will be availabl
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Figure 1: Typical Study Approaches
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Figure 2: Feedback Loop for Questio
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educational Web page design. We hav
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Identifying and Meeting Needs of In
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Two new forms-driven templates, one
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What We Learned About Coaching Web
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Introduction The WWW as a Primary S
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Processing the Order Once users hav
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documentation, report a problem to
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VRML and the Web: A Basis for Multi
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Plate 2: Three users represented by
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Figure 2: Interfae components to ex
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Avatar Distribution Figure 3: Avata
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Introduction Tracking WWW Users: Ex
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etween subsequent requests, and an
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server not to cache that object. Ho
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[Benford et al. 1996] Benford, S.D.
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Published on the Web from the WebNe
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current state of knowledge represen
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Figure 1: Textook and Glossary wind
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Part of this work is supported by a
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Database 2. Review of Related Work
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Display Password Screen Check User
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Recently, Java has changed the way
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To meet our requirements, we have o
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Using the WebSM the creation of a q
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store its result in a variable, usi
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Table of Contents Executive Summary
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Chapter One: The Web Marketplace Gr
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4) Advertising Subsidy growing dram
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effectiveness of the ad with any on
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3) Server Performance The Web commu
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Chapter Three: Andromedia’s Aria
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3) Distributed Design Although Obje
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Aria.monitor is comprehensive with
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The Aria.recorder is also capable o
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is being used to create real-time r
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The Reporter user interface provide
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Aria.reporter takes advantage of th
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Introduction Automating Hypermedia
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Figure 3: 2: Add Course Graphic Cre
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Longevity of the HTML Course Creato
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Methodological Issues in Studying a
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4. Complexity of User Interaction:
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automatically, in a reliable and pe
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web users (i.e., scrolling list of
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the NSF EXPRES project. In [Galeghe
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Astronomy and Space Science Relevan
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surface of Pluto - assembled throug
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The Web as Process Tool and Product
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collaboratively produced report abo
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In the AIT course, key satisfaction
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Explorations: the Cornell Theory Ce
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version of Netscape 2.0 (Netscape w
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from video tape) and compromised on
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Designing a Course on the WEB : the
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charge of a training institute, we
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Another way of supporting "point to
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References [Derycke and D’Halluin
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like SGMLS or SP [Clark 95]. The WW
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MRTSpace is based on MRT, a Minimal
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2.3 Geometric and visual ‘continu
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IP Multicast messages do not work o
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came into common use. A number of e
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probably to human culture as a whol
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3D Visualization of WWW Semantic Co
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2.1 Extracting and Organizing WWW S
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mantic space comes from exploring r
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Introduction Interactive Justice Th
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presented by both public prosecutor
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A different communication mode allo
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Convergence to the Information High
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over 9 million at the beginning of
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unreliable electronic components co
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in an integrated model which has th
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Crane, D. (1972). Invisible College
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discourse does not mean that it is
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Figure 2 Communities within the lay
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The major services classified are:-
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Spears, R. and Lea, M. (1994). Pana
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presents relevant items to the user
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ProFusion's main process creates mu
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Managing Interdisciplinary Project
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influencing the study. To ensure th
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ANALYSIS The introduction of new co
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to be combined; this integration ac
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On receiving the information that a
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4.1.4 SPS-SCS delivery system This
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Aster Servers - How to make Aster m
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Another approach we have tested as
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information available on the web. W
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Project Based Learning - Global Vil
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http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/SDG/Softwa
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Web. It is tailored to the needs of
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Views of the Solar System - http://
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Gatherers and Brokers. The Gatherer
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(Uniform Resource Locators) are pre
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References Figure 6: Document Displ
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The RealAudio (http://www.realaudio
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For educators, this combination of
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The practical components of this pr
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typologize communication and media
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egistration pattern (in the reverse
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the Internet, in terms of informati
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Fig. 10: 3-dimensional pattern matr
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structure of the courses adheres to
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applications manage chat sessions,
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6. Evaluation Figure 4: Example
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Introduction Windows to the Univers
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Figure 1: The main navigation panel
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Our Planet Interior & Surface Atmos
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I. Introduction What is a browser?
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(1) [Baggett, Ehrenfeucht, & Guzdia
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Node display. In addition to enforc
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On-demand Multi-lingual Font Servic
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One of the advantages by using Java
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The directory can be an alias defin
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Real Audiences—Worldwide: A Case
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outstandingly successful authors re
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usually jumps over the keyboard --
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Introduction Web Conceptual Space R
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conceptual knowledge processing, kn
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and the 'Top' view for all applicat
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An Information Broker for Adaptive
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the worst case, we can make a rough
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These simple parameters significant
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[Weider 96] Weider, C. , Fullton, J
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experiments, listen to sound, run l
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The administration and management s
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Educational packages: the current i
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Embedded Interactive Concept Maps i
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eading and understanding informal c
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Every Smart Ideas document has a de
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and used an index into the HTML doc
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Introduction Building Internet-Base
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comments from others or newly assig
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Figure 3: Author profile Conclusion
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The major features are: Figure 1 Me
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Figure 3 FrameMaker requirements do
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5 Conclusions This article has pres
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On-the-Fly Web Pages Minus the HTML
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Scannell, Ted (1996). Steve Jobs In
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originator. Thus, the collaborative
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preferences, circumstances and task
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development concerns the previously
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Abstract: Aspects of Large World Wi
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Structuring data The unstructured a
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say on a LAN with a hypermedia serv
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Halasz, 1988 Halasz, F. (1988). Ref
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One of the CNES' goals is to make s
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Archived Files Start Time 1 End Tim
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HELP-EXCHANGE: An Arbitrated System
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Since the Help-Exchange system is e
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system avoids spamming since the qu
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From a Set of Technical Documents t
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“The machine that would perform t
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In the case of the link with commen
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[Glushko 89] Glushko, R. (1989). De
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• SWOOP [Hunter et al. 95] provid
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also planned for implementing this
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storage structures already establis
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Every S-collection (instance) has a
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do not map S-collections onto a glo
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The operator JOIN is applied to a c
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Internet India Suzanne McMahon Univ
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published in Bombay, includes shopp
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INDIA-E@INDNET.BGSU.EDU Economic Fo
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Instructional Materials The first c
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Reminder Robot For the Q&A section
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[Wusage 1994] Cold Spring Harbor La
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succeed, is also social in origin,
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Other ships may also appear on the
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An Intelligent Tutoring System on t
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Figure 1. Viewer Control Mechanism
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input and clickable map as the ways
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Designing Digital Libraries for Pos
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Layer HOSS allows an open set of st
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contradictory to produce a well-def
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[Chartier 1994] Chartier, R. (1994)
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much of the value on the Net “wil
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did nothing but slow down processin
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Bundling has been studied extensive
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The software industry relies on dif
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that is not accepted by society exi
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[Richardson & Radner 1996] Richards
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European Economic Area agreement. S
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Figure 2: Components of the learnin
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5. Concluding Remarks Figure 4: The
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A Distance Education How-To Manual:
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usually required. This can take pla
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piece, or of the whole piece. A CD
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Indexes, Keys: these tables define
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following, we discuss basic types o
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long: in the music database, the co
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The MARBLE 1 Project: A Collaborati
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available, as described above, help
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Feedback and Analysis Fig 2: Extrac
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Open Net and the Australian On-Line
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speeds, download times, changing br
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our audience, fall into one of the
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server change. When we had our own
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Structuring and classification of d
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would not have the rights to change
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5 Current Electronic Publications W
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WebGrid: Knowledge Elicitation and
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annotation form shown in Figure 2 t
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Figure 4 WebGrid form for rating el
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Figure 7 Main status screen of WebG
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As a final element, the realtor has
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WebGrid provides many additional fa
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Media, Multimedia and Meaningful La
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One question which arises in a disc
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about the medium. In studies in whi
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Schwerin advocates mediation as “
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The wider implications of this perc
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Internet, that quality may be seen
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The most frequently discussed probl
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3.2 Developer viewpoint A MicroWeb
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We anticipate that the complete Mic
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Database for employment information
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Figure 1 System Structure Figure 2
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Figure 5(b) Results of Searching
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ClassNet is a CGI-Script running un
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Current Uses Dr. Doug Yarger at Iow
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Introduction Modelling Alter Egos i
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Let us further suppose that the cyb
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• NEC to indicate that the action
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for example impossible to define an
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[vdRiet 95] R.P. van de Riet, A. Ju
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or "anchors." The anchors are stori
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Figure 1: Excerpt from SMART WWWeb
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there is less dissolved oxygen in t
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CS20 will provide students with new
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EPIC : Building a Structured Learni
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expects. The EPIC exercises are emb
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interactive courses around Scotland
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This paper begins by briefly survey
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must supply such information, the s
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Building the collection The lowest
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size is bounded by the size of a st
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the choice should be. It may be tha
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Introduction Supporting Provision a
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A visual resource base comprises a
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• Web browser: It performs the se
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POSTER / DEMONSTRATION
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integration of presentations create
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Science Technology Entry Program: I
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ID Comm: Building a Virtual Communi
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Preservice Teacher Education and th
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Un Meurtre a Cinet (Un homicidio en
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The Human Brain: A Frames-based Ima
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Collaborative Learning/Teaching on
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SHORT PAPERS
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system look for email from the mail
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Converting a Large Introductory Cou
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Bringing Instructional Design Princ
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Watermarking for the HyperWave Hype
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Impact of the Introduction of Web-B
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Owen, J.M. (1993). Program Evaluati
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(d) Low cost to students (e) Easier
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Introduction Robots And The Web: An
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Figure 2. BargainBot Search Results
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Conclusions and Future Work Figure
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Introduction Active Messaging in Ja
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Acknowledgments The authors would l
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The effective development of web-ba
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telecollaboration. This work aims t
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Introduction Internet for Teachers:
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Creating Educational Webmasters: Cy
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Acknowledgments I would like to tha
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The College of Human Ecology, which
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The screen dumps below show a large
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can also open and close levels of t
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Venice and Vienna, iconographic col
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Introduction: Cyberschool - Singapo
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1. Overview US Information Superhig
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Collaborative Design: A Cognitive A
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A Web Based Decision Support System
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addition to participating in teache
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communication between students, bet
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• Exploring Libraries introduces
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Design for Web-Based Learning Phili
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The effin factor concerns the appea
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Introduction The Web is not a Distr
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WEB-EDD: Electronic Document Delive
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Walker, G. L. & Thoma, G. R. (1995)
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3. Evaluation of Link Annotation fo
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Based on the needs addressed above,
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The Presentational use of the inter
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named-thing2(thing-type (parameters
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Integrating the use of the Web into
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linking within the web page is also
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Providing Medical Education Resourc
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logons by PPP/home access, Informat
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indeed create considerable turbulen
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Introduction Homeland: An Integrate
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[Frega and Volpentesta 94] Frega N.
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Summary: Our culture often thinks o
Page 649 and 650: Implementing Engineering Education
Page 651 and 652: Reorganised by the Web: Bringing th
Page 653 and 654: content providers--collaborative te
Page 655 and 656: Table 1: Sample items from the BEM
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Page 659 and 660: Abstract Shame and War Revisited Ad
Page 661 and 662: left to do? Style sheets don't let
Page 663 and 664: In this case, the Los Alamos Nation
Page 665 and 666: Differing Cultures: Bringing Minds
Page 667 and 668: Web of Thought: Ways to Make the Wo
Page 669 and 670: On Teaching and Collaborative Devel
Page 671 and 672: I.- History Distance Education on D
Page 673: But there is much more to this pict
Page 676 and 677: in Treemaps. In contrast, the Docuv
Page 678 and 679: Figure 2: Webview The Webview is us
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Page 682 and 683: Using a WWW Server to Access and Ma
Page 684 and 685: W3Client Figure 1 : The Co-Learn WW
Page 686 and 687: Avoiding Vendor Lock-in: An Open Ap
Page 688 and 689: Web Courses for Northern B.C.: Virt
Page 690 and 691: Harvesting the Internet: Creating a
Page 692 and 693: School Participation in the Co-Deve
Page 694 and 695: a basic framework for adopting tech
Page 696 and 697: COMMUNITY WEB PROJECTS TO SUPPORT H
Page 698 and 699: Overview: Automatically Generated W
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Page 704 and 705: A Generic Learning Platform: From t
Page 706 and 707: etween Moscow and Western Europe, S
Page 708 and 709: Creating A Presence On The World Wi
Page 710 and 711: References [Hill 1993] Hill, Terry
Page 712 and 713: many of the students likewise had f
Page 714: DeRose, Steven and Durand, David, M
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Page 719 and 720: significantly different. Analysis f
Page 721 and 722: 3. The Web Based Solution Most CBT
Page 723 and 724: A Virtual Campus on the World Wide
Page 725 and 726: A unified NBCC-wide (and hopefully
Page 727 and 728: Start Your Search Engines! Authenti
Page 729 and 730: Observations on Web-Based Course De
Page 731 and 732: espond to at least four other discu
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Page 737 and 738: Using the World Wide Web To Creativ
Page 739 and 740: In summary, the goals of the PTK ar
Page 741 and 742: like SGMLS or SP [Clark 95]. The WW
Page 743 and 744: All relevant information and links
Page 745 and 746: Introducation A Virtual Classroom i
Page 747 and 748: Introduction Put Your Experience on
Page 749 and 750: Domeshek, E.A. & Kolodner, J.L. 199
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• provide IP address • provide
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Incorporating World Wide Web techno
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1 Introduction Non-Invasive Improve
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The first author acknowledges CNPq
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order to make the students feel tha
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World Band: K-12 Music Education on
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PITS (Populated Information Terrain
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The big central landmark VRML Some
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SEEWeb - An Internet Solution Steve
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Archive.edu: A Storehouse of Classr
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[O’Haver 1995] O’Haver, M. (199
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Module Three The third module explo
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The development of a new journal ne
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Implementation The tool is a Web-ba
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Providing Real Time Instruction on
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first was a single free text field
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the project as contributors of stud
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knowledge-acquisition have to be ac
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instead of contributing a lengthy r
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1. Introduction WWW3D: A 3D Multi-U
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6. Summary In this paper we have de
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collaborative programs. At the same
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and continued challenges of the pas
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In order to cater for the this latt
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Some lectures have pre-lecture assi
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Some Issues. T. of Japanese Society
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MENTOR: Internet Search Advisor and
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acquisition to be followed.- Repres
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Web in order to supplement the main
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When installed at the user end, stu
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These and other lessons learned hav
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some other details about the enviro
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Interactive Teaching Material for t
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The applet is organised around two
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esult, the new search queries not o
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Introduction Distant Education Mate
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Information. The Internet resources
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1 Introduction The Virtual Universi
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on-line, an audio and/or video conn
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Finally, if you are preparing lesso
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The user accessing the database (at
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Figure 2: The HTML page of Esther,
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PANEL
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TUTORIALS
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Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1
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specifications like the Initial Gra
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Low end digital cameras do not at a
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To display images correctly the gam
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• PCD: Photo Compact Disc. Kodak.
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3.1 Database Types There are differ
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There are a lot of (hierarchical) k
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the user. The drawback of dynamic c
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types. These are used to restrict t
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-18-
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If you would like to modify the app
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4.4 Database versus Information Ret
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HARVEST [29,30] is a more complicat
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• Access speed: 10% with 9,6 Kbit
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17. Proceedings of the 3rd Internat
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50. Poynton CA. Frequently Asked Qu
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