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document. After ga<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g log<strong>in</strong> permission to a Web-EDD system, the user <strong>in</strong>itiates a request by complet<strong>in</strong>g a<br />

Web-based form which is submitted to a CGI program runn<strong>in</strong>g on a Web Server (EDD-CGI). All requests for<br />

documents are managed through a work queue <strong>in</strong> EDD-Cap by the system adm<strong>in</strong>istrator. Then documents are<br />

scanned with EDD-Cap and made available to the user for view<strong>in</strong>g. ARIEL files received from other<br />

<strong>in</strong>stitutions can be imported <strong>in</strong>to the Web-EDD system through EDD-Cap. This allows Web-EDD to be<br />

<strong>in</strong>tegrated with an exist<strong>in</strong>g ARIEL system. Once a request has been completed, EDD-Cap automatically<br />

notifies the user by E-mail that the request has been filled. With a facsimile of the document now available,<br />

the user accesses his/her private list<strong>in</strong>g of article requests through EDD-View for retrieval of the article. EDD-<br />

View retrieves and displays the selected article. by default, each page of a multi-page document is retrieved<br />

<strong>in</strong>dependently. This permits the user with slower connections to immediately view pages while the rema<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g<br />

pages are retrieved <strong>in</strong> the background. The user can access any page as soon as it has been made available<br />

with<strong>in</strong> the viewer. The option to retrieve only selected pages of a document for view<strong>in</strong>g is permitted.<br />

There are some considerations that have gone <strong>in</strong>to this document delivery system. Security is ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>ed by<br />

mak<strong>in</strong>g the documents available to the requestor only. This is done by hav<strong>in</strong>g the requestor log <strong>in</strong>to the<br />

document delivery system. The requestor could be anywhere, us<strong>in</strong>g any Internet-connected computer and yet<br />

still be able to get their documents. This aspect also allows for proper bill<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong><strong>format</strong>ion to be collected. It<br />

does not matter whether the requestor is us<strong>in</strong>g their own computer or is across the country us<strong>in</strong>g a guest<br />

account. The requestor must be registered and authorized by the home system before requests are accepted and<br />

delivery done.<br />

Copyright is a serious consideration <strong>in</strong> any form of document delivery. To stay with<strong>in</strong> the copyright guidel<strong>in</strong>es,<br />

the images will not be permanently stored on the document server. Once the document is received by the<br />

requestor, it will be deleted. This is similar to what occurs <strong>in</strong> Ariel. The document is scanned at the own<strong>in</strong>g<br />

library, transmitted to the request<strong>in</strong>g library, pr<strong>in</strong>ted by the request<strong>in</strong>g library and then deleted. This is<br />

essentially the same as the photocopy and fax process. Not only would long-term storage of the images be<br />

illegal without permission of the copyright holder and payment of the associated royalty, a practical<br />

consideration is the long-term storage of these images would require a large amount of disk space.<br />

As with any project, many questions come to m<strong>in</strong>d. The decision to avoid OCR was significant. At this po<strong>in</strong>t,<br />

scann<strong>in</strong>g the document and us<strong>in</strong>g OCR to change the text of the document <strong>in</strong>to actual text is not practical.<br />

Most of the documents <strong>in</strong>volved have some type of image (pathological specimens, etc.), graphs or tables. OCR<br />

cannot handle these sections and they would have to be transmitted as images <strong>in</strong> any eventIf the document is<br />

not placed perfectly on the scanner, it is possible for letters or numbers to be changed. This would be<br />

unacceptable for documents to be used for patient care. Research by Le, Thoma and Weschler at the National<br />

Library of Medic<strong>in</strong>e is aimed at recogniz<strong>in</strong>g and correct<strong>in</strong>g the skew angle of scanned documents.<br />

Why not just use fax to transmit the documents? Fax quality is much better than it was 5 years ago. Fax is a<br />

good method for transmission of documents. WEB-EDD gives the added capability of view<strong>in</strong>g the documents<br />

before pr<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g. Attach<strong>in</strong>g the document to e-mail is another possibility. However, current projects such as the<br />

National Library of Medic<strong>in</strong>e’s DOCView, the Australian Development of Library Infrastructure, Dale and<br />

others use e-mail require MIME-compliant e-mail to accomplish the task.<br />

Bibliography<br />

Bl<strong>in</strong>co, K. (1995) Some Recent Initiatives <strong>in</strong> Electronic Document Delivery. Onl<strong>in</strong>e/ Ondisk 95.<br />

Group on Electronic Document Interchange (1995) Electronic Document Delivery: Towards Further<br />

Standardization of Internation Interchange. V. 2.1, http://www.gu.edu.au/alib/iii/docdel/gediv21.htm<br />

Le, D. X., Thoma, G. R. & Weschler, H. (1994) Automated Page Orientation and Skew Angle Detection for<br />

B<strong>in</strong>ary Document Images. Pattern Recognition, 27 (10), 1325-1344.<br />

Walker, F. L., & Thoma, G. (1994). Access to Document Images over the Internet. Onl<strong>in</strong>e Library Systems,<br />

New York, NY, 185-197.

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