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HERODOTUS: An Educational Site as an Integral Part of a Study Book Introduction Sjoerd de Vries Faculty of Educational Science and Technology University of Twente The Netherlands vries@edte.utwente.nl Henk Donker Faculty of Educational Science and Technology University of Twente The Netherlands mp_donker@edte.utwente.nl In the Netherlands there is an on-going process of restructuring education. Secondary education is now being restructured into a basic level (the first two/three years) and an upper level (the last two/three years). The leading idea behind the upper level is the so-called ‘study home’ concept. The intention is that the learners become ‘successful independent constructors’ of their own study processes instead of ‘successful dependent victims’ of presented instruction. The first secondary schools start in 1996-1997 with their ‘study home’ and educational publishers are working on new appropriate study books in order to make the ‘study-home’ concept a success. To reach for success, publishers consider the use of educational software as an integral part of these new study books. Such educational software is expected to make use of the rapid evolving technologies like hypermedia and the Internet. Educational Software as Integral Parts of Study Books In co-operation with an educational publisher we, this is the division Educational Instrumentation Technology of the Faculty of Educational Science and Technology, University Twente, the Netherlands, searched for an acceptable design of the desired educational software. To be acceptable, this design has to function for the next years as a blueprint for implementation and maintenance of educational software products, which products should serve as an efficient and effective integral part of their new study books. We introduced the concepts Interactive Study System and Interactive Study System Environment to refer to these educational software products. Basically we see an Interactive Study System (ISS) as a software system consisting of study tools, educational resources, and if needed additional materials. This system is an integral part of a study book. An ISS can be extended by generic software tools, like communication and information editing tools. • Study tools can vary from drill and practice tools, tutorial tools, simulation tools, concept mapping tools, study workplaces, e.g. Study tools are software tools that are particularly designed to enhance individual or group-based study processes. • Educational resources refer to the multimedia information content matter. The central educational resource is named the CourseBase. A CourseBase can be seen as an object-oriented database containing Instructional Multimedia Information Content Constructs (IMICC’s). An IMICC is a construct consisting one or more Multimedia Information Content Primitives (MICP’s) designed for instructional purposes. MICP’s are basic multimedia information content units serving one goal-directed action, such like identification, relation, presentation or question. • Additional materials refer to information and/or tools that support study processes but which are not offered in an electronic way. • Generic software tools are tools that are not particularly designed to enhance study processes. Examples of such tools are communication and information editing tools. Communication tools can be used to enable
communication between students, between student(s) and instructional managers, information providers, e.g. Information editing tools can be used to edit documents, spreadsheets, tables, e.g. • The main goal of an ISS is to enable an interactive study process between a user of the system and other users and/or between the user(s) and educational resources. However to use and maintain an ISS appropriate tools are needed. To refer to these tools we use the concept Interactive Study System Environment (ISE). In order to speak of an environment, three conditions have to be met: • Full support of task performance by means of instruments and Electronic Performance Support in each phase of the lifecycle of a product, in this case the lifecycle of an ISS; • Flexibilisation of task performance, the user decides about where, when, and how tasks are performed; • Integration, the user has a consistent and uniform view on the applied systems. An ISE is seen as a software system for (re-) design, use and evaluation of ISS’s. In co-operation with the educational publisher, we designed and implemented a prototype ISS named Herodotus. Herodotus is an integral part of the new history study book published by the involved educational publisher, which book is intended for the upper level of secondary education in the Netherlands. We consider the prototype Herodotus a first step to the realisation of an ISE. The Design of Herodotus as an Integral Part of an History Study Book A main interest in our design of Herodotus is the application of the ‘WEB technology’. There are two reasons for that. First, because of the openness of the WEB technology. It offers opportunities to enhance the flexible use and maintenance of ISS’s. Second, the WEB offers three basic functions, which are expected to be essential for learners in order to practice becoming ‘successful independent’ constructors of their own study process. These three functions are: communication, co-operation, and information gathering. These three functions are essential in a wide variety of study processes. There are two ways of looking at the use of the WEB technology in relation to the design of ISS’s. The first way is to design ISS’s based on the WEB technology. This implies that an ISS can be seen as an educational site on the WEB. The second way is to consider an educational site a sub-system of an ISS. This implies that users of an ISS, also have the opportunity to make use of an educational site, which site is specifically designed as a sub-system of an ISS. We have chosen for the second way in order to design Herodotus. The main reason is that the need for interaction is a basic principle for ISS. The way the WEB technology allows for interaction (For instance ‘Java’) is rapidly evolving, however we considered such opportunities for interaction not yet ‘stable’ enough. In our presentation we will describe the design of an ISS and in relation to this Herodotus. We describe the main design principles and the architecture. Special attention will be given to the way we integrated Herodotus into the history study book. In addition, we describe the user interface of the educational site which is a subsystem of Herodotus. Finally, we give remarks about further research in the design of ISS’s and more specific about educational sites as integral parts of study books or curricula.
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Proceedings of WebNet 96— WebNet
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FULL PAPERS BRIAN BEVIRT Designing
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THIERRY LEVOIR & REMI BASTIDE SADS:
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MASAYASU AOTANI Distance education
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IAIN LANGDON Education for Changing
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PANELS M J MCALISTER, P COMER & MIS
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Designing Hypertext Navigation Tool
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Organize the Contents of Your Site
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multiple hierarchy charts have to b
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Developing Structured WWW-Sites wit
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Links refer to Templates. From the
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typing tool, which on the one hand
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and implement commercial Web-sites.
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constraints. It is important to rem
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A three-rowed "desktop" was used as
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All assignments were tracked, and s
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Figure 5: Student Information Toolb
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positive values to the course: 1. F
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2. Problem Areas We have identified
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in our system is quite large, and p
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map information for display into th
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- whether these new applications co
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4.3. The Production Phase The produ
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Requests 2500000 2000000 1500000 10
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information systems. Since late 199
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QuestWriter, which will be availabl
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Figure 1: Typical Study Approaches
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Figure 2: Feedback Loop for Questio
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educational Web page design. We hav
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Identifying and Meeting Needs of In
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Two new forms-driven templates, one
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What We Learned About Coaching Web
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Introduction The WWW as a Primary S
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Processing the Order Once users hav
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documentation, report a problem to
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VRML and the Web: A Basis for Multi
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Plate 2: Three users represented by
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Figure 2: Interfae components to ex
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Avatar Distribution Figure 3: Avata
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Introduction Tracking WWW Users: Ex
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etween subsequent requests, and an
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server not to cache that object. Ho
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[Benford et al. 1996] Benford, S.D.
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Published on the Web from the WebNe
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current state of knowledge represen
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Figure 1: Textook and Glossary wind
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Part of this work is supported by a
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Database 2. Review of Related Work
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Display Password Screen Check User
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Recently, Java has changed the way
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To meet our requirements, we have o
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Using the WebSM the creation of a q
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store its result in a variable, usi
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Table of Contents Executive Summary
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Chapter One: The Web Marketplace Gr
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4) Advertising Subsidy growing dram
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effectiveness of the ad with any on
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3) Server Performance The Web commu
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Chapter Three: Andromedia’s Aria
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3) Distributed Design Although Obje
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Aria.monitor is comprehensive with
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The Aria.recorder is also capable o
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is being used to create real-time r
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The Reporter user interface provide
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Aria.reporter takes advantage of th
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Introduction Automating Hypermedia
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Figure 3: 2: Add Course Graphic Cre
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Longevity of the HTML Course Creato
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Methodological Issues in Studying a
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4. Complexity of User Interaction:
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automatically, in a reliable and pe
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web users (i.e., scrolling list of
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the NSF EXPRES project. In [Galeghe
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Astronomy and Space Science Relevan
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surface of Pluto - assembled throug
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The Web as Process Tool and Product
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collaboratively produced report abo
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In the AIT course, key satisfaction
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Explorations: the Cornell Theory Ce
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version of Netscape 2.0 (Netscape w
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from video tape) and compromised on
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Designing a Course on the WEB : the
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charge of a training institute, we
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Another way of supporting "point to
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References [Derycke and D’Halluin
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like SGMLS or SP [Clark 95]. The WW
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MRTSpace is based on MRT, a Minimal
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2.3 Geometric and visual ‘continu
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IP Multicast messages do not work o
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came into common use. A number of e
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probably to human culture as a whol
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3D Visualization of WWW Semantic Co
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2.1 Extracting and Organizing WWW S
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mantic space comes from exploring r
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Introduction Interactive Justice Th
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presented by both public prosecutor
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A different communication mode allo
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Convergence to the Information High
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over 9 million at the beginning of
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unreliable electronic components co
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in an integrated model which has th
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Crane, D. (1972). Invisible College
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discourse does not mean that it is
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Figure 2 Communities within the lay
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The major services classified are:-
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Spears, R. and Lea, M. (1994). Pana
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presents relevant items to the user
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ProFusion's main process creates mu
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Managing Interdisciplinary Project
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influencing the study. To ensure th
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ANALYSIS The introduction of new co
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to be combined; this integration ac
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On receiving the information that a
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4.1.4 SPS-SCS delivery system This
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Aster Servers - How to make Aster m
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Another approach we have tested as
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information available on the web. W
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Project Based Learning - Global Vil
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http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/SDG/Softwa
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Web. It is tailored to the needs of
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Views of the Solar System - http://
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Gatherers and Brokers. The Gatherer
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(Uniform Resource Locators) are pre
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References Figure 6: Document Displ
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The RealAudio (http://www.realaudio
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For educators, this combination of
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The practical components of this pr
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typologize communication and media
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egistration pattern (in the reverse
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the Internet, in terms of informati
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Fig. 10: 3-dimensional pattern matr
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structure of the courses adheres to
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applications manage chat sessions,
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6. Evaluation Figure 4: Example
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Introduction Windows to the Univers
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Figure 1: The main navigation panel
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Our Planet Interior & Surface Atmos
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I. Introduction What is a browser?
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(1) [Baggett, Ehrenfeucht, & Guzdia
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Node display. In addition to enforc
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On-demand Multi-lingual Font Servic
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One of the advantages by using Java
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The directory can be an alias defin
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Real Audiences—Worldwide: A Case
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outstandingly successful authors re
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usually jumps over the keyboard --
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Introduction Web Conceptual Space R
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conceptual knowledge processing, kn
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and the 'Top' view for all applicat
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An Information Broker for Adaptive
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the worst case, we can make a rough
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These simple parameters significant
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[Weider 96] Weider, C. , Fullton, J
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experiments, listen to sound, run l
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The administration and management s
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Educational packages: the current i
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Embedded Interactive Concept Maps i
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eading and understanding informal c
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Every Smart Ideas document has a de
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and used an index into the HTML doc
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Introduction Building Internet-Base
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comments from others or newly assig
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Figure 3: Author profile Conclusion
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The major features are: Figure 1 Me
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Figure 3 FrameMaker requirements do
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5 Conclusions This article has pres
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On-the-Fly Web Pages Minus the HTML
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Scannell, Ted (1996). Steve Jobs In
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originator. Thus, the collaborative
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preferences, circumstances and task
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development concerns the previously
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Abstract: Aspects of Large World Wi
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Structuring data The unstructured a
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say on a LAN with a hypermedia serv
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Halasz, 1988 Halasz, F. (1988). Ref
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One of the CNES' goals is to make s
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Archived Files Start Time 1 End Tim
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HELP-EXCHANGE: An Arbitrated System
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Since the Help-Exchange system is e
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system avoids spamming since the qu
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From a Set of Technical Documents t
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“The machine that would perform t
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In the case of the link with commen
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[Glushko 89] Glushko, R. (1989). De
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• SWOOP [Hunter et al. 95] provid
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also planned for implementing this
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storage structures already establis
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Every S-collection (instance) has a
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do not map S-collections onto a glo
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The operator JOIN is applied to a c
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Internet India Suzanne McMahon Univ
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published in Bombay, includes shopp
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INDIA-E@INDNET.BGSU.EDU Economic Fo
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Instructional Materials The first c
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Reminder Robot For the Q&A section
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[Wusage 1994] Cold Spring Harbor La
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succeed, is also social in origin,
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Other ships may also appear on the
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An Intelligent Tutoring System on t
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Figure 1. Viewer Control Mechanism
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input and clickable map as the ways
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Designing Digital Libraries for Pos
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Layer HOSS allows an open set of st
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contradictory to produce a well-def
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[Chartier 1994] Chartier, R. (1994)
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much of the value on the Net “wil
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did nothing but slow down processin
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Bundling has been studied extensive
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The software industry relies on dif
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that is not accepted by society exi
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[Richardson & Radner 1996] Richards
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European Economic Area agreement. S
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Figure 2: Components of the learnin
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5. Concluding Remarks Figure 4: The
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A Distance Education How-To Manual:
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usually required. This can take pla
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piece, or of the whole piece. A CD
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Indexes, Keys: these tables define
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following, we discuss basic types o
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long: in the music database, the co
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The MARBLE 1 Project: A Collaborati
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available, as described above, help
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Feedback and Analysis Fig 2: Extrac
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Open Net and the Australian On-Line
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speeds, download times, changing br
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our audience, fall into one of the
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server change. When we had our own
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Structuring and classification of d
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would not have the rights to change
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5 Current Electronic Publications W
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WebGrid: Knowledge Elicitation and
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annotation form shown in Figure 2 t
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Figure 4 WebGrid form for rating el
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Figure 7 Main status screen of WebG
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As a final element, the realtor has
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WebGrid provides many additional fa
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Media, Multimedia and Meaningful La
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One question which arises in a disc
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about the medium. In studies in whi
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Schwerin advocates mediation as “
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The wider implications of this perc
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Internet, that quality may be seen
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The most frequently discussed probl
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3.2 Developer viewpoint A MicroWeb
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We anticipate that the complete Mic
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Database for employment information
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Figure 1 System Structure Figure 2
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Figure 5(b) Results of Searching
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ClassNet is a CGI-Script running un
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Current Uses Dr. Doug Yarger at Iow
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Introduction Modelling Alter Egos i
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Let us further suppose that the cyb
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• NEC to indicate that the action
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for example impossible to define an
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[vdRiet 95] R.P. van de Riet, A. Ju
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or "anchors." The anchors are stori
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Figure 1: Excerpt from SMART WWWeb
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there is less dissolved oxygen in t
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CS20 will provide students with new
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EPIC : Building a Structured Learni
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expects. The EPIC exercises are emb
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interactive courses around Scotland
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This paper begins by briefly survey
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must supply such information, the s
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Building the collection The lowest
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size is bounded by the size of a st
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the choice should be. It may be tha
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Introduction Supporting Provision a
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A visual resource base comprises a
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• Web browser: It performs the se
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POSTER / DEMONSTRATION
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integration of presentations create
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Science Technology Entry Program: I
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ID Comm: Building a Virtual Communi
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Preservice Teacher Education and th
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Un Meurtre a Cinet (Un homicidio en
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The Human Brain: A Frames-based Ima
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Collaborative Learning/Teaching on
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SHORT PAPERS
Page 559 and 560: system look for email from the mail
Page 561 and 562: Converting a Large Introductory Cou
Page 563 and 564: Bringing Instructional Design Princ
Page 565 and 566: Watermarking for the HyperWave Hype
Page 567 and 568: Impact of the Introduction of Web-B
Page 569 and 570: Owen, J.M. (1993). Program Evaluati
Page 571 and 572: (d) Low cost to students (e) Easier
Page 573 and 574: Introduction Robots And The Web: An
Page 575 and 576: Figure 2. BargainBot Search Results
Page 577 and 578: Conclusions and Future Work Figure
Page 579 and 580: Introduction Active Messaging in Ja
Page 581 and 582: Acknowledgments The authors would l
Page 583 and 584: The effective development of web-ba
Page 585 and 586: telecollaboration. This work aims t
Page 587 and 588: Introduction Internet for Teachers:
Page 589 and 590: Creating Educational Webmasters: Cy
Page 591 and 592: Acknowledgments I would like to tha
Page 593 and 594: The College of Human Ecology, which
Page 595 and 596: The screen dumps below show a large
Page 597 and 598: can also open and close levels of t
Page 599 and 600: Venice and Vienna, iconographic col
Page 601 and 602: Introduction: Cyberschool - Singapo
Page 603 and 604: 1. Overview US Information Superhig
Page 605 and 606: Collaborative Design: A Cognitive A
Page 607 and 608: A Web Based Decision Support System
Page 609: addition to participating in teache
Page 613 and 614: • Exploring Libraries introduces
Page 615 and 616: Design for Web-Based Learning Phili
Page 617 and 618: The effin factor concerns the appea
Page 619 and 620: Introduction The Web is not a Distr
Page 621 and 622: WEB-EDD: Electronic Document Delive
Page 623 and 624: Walker, G. L. & Thoma, G. R. (1995)
Page 625 and 626: 3. Evaluation of Link Annotation fo
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Page 629 and 630: The Presentational use of the inter
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Page 633 and 634: Integrating the use of the Web into
Page 635 and 636: linking within the web page is also
Page 637 and 638: Providing Medical Education Resourc
Page 639 and 640: logons by PPP/home access, Informat
Page 641 and 642: indeed create considerable turbulen
Page 643 and 644: Introduction Homeland: An Integrate
Page 645 and 646: [Frega and Volpentesta 94] Frega N.
Page 647 and 648: Summary: Our culture often thinks o
Page 649 and 650: Implementing Engineering Education
Page 651 and 652: Reorganised by the Web: Bringing th
Page 653 and 654: content providers--collaborative te
Page 655 and 656: Table 1: Sample items from the BEM
Page 657 and 658: Health Care Information on the Web:
Page 659 and 660: Abstract Shame and War Revisited Ad
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left to do? Style sheets don't let
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In this case, the Los Alamos Nation
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Differing Cultures: Bringing Minds
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Web of Thought: Ways to Make the Wo
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On Teaching and Collaborative Devel
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I.- History Distance Education on D
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But there is much more to this pict
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in Treemaps. In contrast, the Docuv
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Figure 2: Webview The Webview is us
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Figure 3: Intradocument View showin
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Using a WWW Server to Access and Ma
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W3Client Figure 1 : The Co-Learn WW
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Avoiding Vendor Lock-in: An Open Ap
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Web Courses for Northern B.C.: Virt
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Harvesting the Internet: Creating a
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School Participation in the Co-Deve
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a basic framework for adopting tech
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COMMUNITY WEB PROJECTS TO SUPPORT H
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Overview: Automatically Generated W
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Introduction Computer Aided Informa
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[Bloomfield 1994] Bloomfield, H. (1
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A Generic Learning Platform: From t
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etween Moscow and Western Europe, S
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Creating A Presence On The World Wi
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References [Hill 1993] Hill, Terry
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many of the students likewise had f
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DeRose, Steven and Durand, David, M
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{1} http://www.gfz-potsdam.de/drz/g
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significantly different. Analysis f
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3. The Web Based Solution Most CBT
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A Virtual Campus on the World Wide
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A unified NBCC-wide (and hopefully
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Start Your Search Engines! Authenti
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Observations on Web-Based Course De
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espond to at least four other discu
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examples of the many good discussio
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instructor intervention (to prevent
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Using the World Wide Web To Creativ
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In summary, the goals of the PTK ar
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like SGMLS or SP [Clark 95]. The WW
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All relevant information and links
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Introducation A Virtual Classroom i
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Introduction Put Your Experience on
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Domeshek, E.A. & Kolodner, J.L. 199
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• provide IP address • provide
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Incorporating World Wide Web techno
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1 Introduction Non-Invasive Improve
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The first author acknowledges CNPq
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order to make the students feel tha
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World Band: K-12 Music Education on
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PITS (Populated Information Terrain
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The big central landmark VRML Some
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SEEWeb - An Internet Solution Steve
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Archive.edu: A Storehouse of Classr
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[O’Haver 1995] O’Haver, M. (199
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Module Three The third module explo
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The development of a new journal ne
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Implementation The tool is a Web-ba
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Providing Real Time Instruction on
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first was a single free text field
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the project as contributors of stud
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knowledge-acquisition have to be ac
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instead of contributing a lengthy r
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1. Introduction WWW3D: A 3D Multi-U
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6. Summary In this paper we have de
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collaborative programs. At the same
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and continued challenges of the pas
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In order to cater for the this latt
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Some lectures have pre-lecture assi
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Some Issues. T. of Japanese Society
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MENTOR: Internet Search Advisor and
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acquisition to be followed.- Repres
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Web in order to supplement the main
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When installed at the user end, stu
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These and other lessons learned hav
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some other details about the enviro
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Interactive Teaching Material for t
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The applet is organised around two
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esult, the new search queries not o
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Introduction Distant Education Mate
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Information. The Internet resources
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1 Introduction The Virtual Universi
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on-line, an audio and/or video conn
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Finally, if you are preparing lesso
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The user accessing the database (at
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Figure 2: The HTML page of Esther,
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PANEL
Page 837 and 838:
TUTORIALS
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Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1
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specifications like the Initial Gra
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Low end digital cameras do not at a
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To display images correctly the gam
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• PCD: Photo Compact Disc. Kodak.
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3.1 Database Types There are differ
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There are a lot of (hierarchical) k
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the user. The drawback of dynamic c
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types. These are used to restrict t
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-18-
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If you would like to modify the app
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4.4 Database versus Information Ret
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HARVEST [29,30] is a more complicat
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• Access speed: 10% with 9,6 Kbit
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17. Proceedings of the 3rd Internat
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50. Poynton CA. Frequently Asked Qu
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