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For the engineering side, an example may be an optical network layer with cross-connect and add/drop
functionalities. Eventual optical multiplexing may be able to promote high bandwidth utilization. For the
management side, distributed systems that comprise of diverse types of vendor hardware and software have to
be transparent. Management effectiveness accompanies an issue of standards in need of interoperability. Some
of the key technology service areas are private line, frame relay, Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN),
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), and Satellite.
In constructing NII, particular attention needs to be paid on the global infrastructure, standards, and products
and services. It is necessary to consider some of the critical factors in designing the NII: protocols or
applications that require extensive back and forth transmission of small packets. Network segmentation to
enhance the performance in interfacing the frame relay with X.25. Consideration of remote procedure calls
over traditional queries wit respect to the graphical user interface. Effects of distributed versus centralized
control of business on the amount of data flow over the circuit.
3. Pilot Cases
In late 1980's, the City of Cerritos in California tried to deliver a large library of movies to residents within
thirty minutes. However, many residents balked at the extra cost of services. Menu of concocted products like
video on demand, especially on a fee basis may still not be welcome for both consumers as well as for those
who have to bear with the high cost of installing fiber optics. Last year, PacTel decided to slow down an year
long effort of upgrading the city of Los Angeles communication network to provide the video dial tone quality,
and instead will resort to wireless cable technology.
In late 1990's another California project at Playa Vista is underway to address the city wide integrated
information infrastructure to accommodate both analog and digital communication media along with the high
tech entertainment industry.
A noteworthy example of success nearby the Playa Vista project location is a net drama, The Spot. The author
participated in producing a telecommunication technology education project that will be disseminated via the
Internet. Many producers of these types of products are gathered around West Los Angeles seashore and
earned the name of being Silicon Beach.
In addition to the entertainment and education industries, Web based sales of a retail product as exemplified by
Hot Hot Hot encourages new types of businesses. Moreover, personal finance and banking, and yellow page
markets are apparently some of the good examples worth watching. Integrating fixed and mobile telephony
services may be the one that needs more attention. In fact, it is one thing to have a good fast hardware or
highway and it is another to utilize such capabilities and add values appealing to consumers.
4. Lessons
Considering the characteristics of information consumers expect, content is the first consideration while the
quality and value of the content may be even more essential. Secondly, consumer interface, often called
graphical user interface and accessibility are critical considerations. Finally, the cost of such information
service should be weighed.