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Pstohg — A Tool for Integrating Presentations into Hypermedia Systems Jörn Bollmeyer HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUT Universität-GH Paderborn, Fürstenallee 11, D-33102 Paderborn, Germany email: bolle@uni-paderborn.de Hypertext systems are becoming increasingly important in educational contexts where they are often used as repositories for teaching material such as textbooks or other documents related to lectures [cf. Norman 1990]. On the other hand, the lectures themselves are often enhanced through the use of computer based presentations, offering several advantages over „traditional“ technologies, such as overhead transparencies and blackboards [cf. Lennon, Maurer 1994]. Since networked hypermedia systems like the WWW do not support the creation of presentation material, specialized authoring tools like Microsoft´s Powerpoint are used. However, the presented material needs to be accessible to the students after the lecture and should thus be integrated into the same hypermedia system which stores any other documents related to the lecture. Apart from writing a special viewer for each presentation program that is commonly used — an approach too costly —, two degrees of integration may be distinguished. 1. Launching an external application: The presentation is stored in its native format; in order to access it, a viewer for this data format needs to be available at the client side — like, e.g., the standalone viewer of Powerpoint. The presentation may then be downloaded and the viewer started manually, or, more elegant and easier to use, that viewer has been configured as an external viewer for a hypermedia system like HyperWave. 2. Conversion into a supported data format: The presentation may be converted into some ,native" data format that is supported by the hypermedia system. In this case, the Powerpoint slides have to be converted into, e.g., a collection of image files in, say, GIF format. This type of integration is also used by tools that convert animated presentations into Java applets. The major advantage of the first approach is, that providing material is quite not very costly. On the other hand, special viewers are needed on the student’s computer, that is on the client side. While these are often available for free, they are also platform dependent: Powerpoint viewers, e.g., are not available for UNIX systems. Another important problem using external viewers is the fact, that the presentation can make no use of the functionality of the hypermedia system: no links into the hypermedia base or from those documents into some specific point within the presentation may be defined. With the second solution, the preparation of a slide show accessible from the hypermedia system becomes more costly as long as there are no appropriate tools. However, the advantages more than compensate the additional effort. Hyperlinks may be defined from any arbitrary slide, even from specified points within a slide, to any other hypermedia document within the system, that is any other HyperWave or WWW document, and vice versa. Also, the slides may be viewed on any platform — as long as a web viewer exists supporting the chosen data format. Because of its obvious advantages, we decided to follow the second approach. A tool has been developed that converts PostScript files with minimal DSC information slide by slide into a sequence of GIF images, linking them by default in a linear fashion. It is thus only necessary to „print“ the presentation into a PostScript file. With HyperWave, this file might be stored directly — with slow rendering and at the expense of losing all colour information —, whereas with most other WWW services PostScript is only supported by an external viewer; we would thus be ending up in case 1 above. Our tool then uses the HyperWave Interchange Format to create a collection at a specified location on a HyperWave server — supporting a number of options such as resolution, clipping or orientation. The presentation is then ready to use; additional links to and from other hypermedia documents may be added to any of the slides, since GIF is a fully supported HyperWave format. The same method also works with standard WWW clients, where the use of image maps, or a Java aequivalent, is needed for true hypermedia functionality. We have thus found a method for a seamless and simple
integration of presentations created with almost any authoring software into open networked hypermedia systems like HyperWave and the WWW. References Lennon, Jennifer, and Hermann Maurer: Lecturing Technology: A Future with Hypermedia. Educational Technology 24 (4), 1994, 5–14 Norman, Kent L.: The Electronic Teaching Theater: Interactive Hypermedia and Mental Models of the Classroom. Current Psychology: Research & Reviews 9 (2), 1990, 141–161.
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Proceedings of WebNet 96— WebNet
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FULL PAPERS BRIAN BEVIRT Designing
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THIERRY LEVOIR & REMI BASTIDE SADS:
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MASAYASU AOTANI Distance education
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IAIN LANGDON Education for Changing
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PANELS M J MCALISTER, P COMER & MIS
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Designing Hypertext Navigation Tool
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Organize the Contents of Your Site
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multiple hierarchy charts have to b
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Developing Structured WWW-Sites wit
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Links refer to Templates. From the
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typing tool, which on the one hand
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and implement commercial Web-sites.
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constraints. It is important to rem
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A three-rowed "desktop" was used as
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All assignments were tracked, and s
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Figure 5: Student Information Toolb
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positive values to the course: 1. F
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2. Problem Areas We have identified
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in our system is quite large, and p
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map information for display into th
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- whether these new applications co
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4.3. The Production Phase The produ
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Requests 2500000 2000000 1500000 10
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information systems. Since late 199
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QuestWriter, which will be availabl
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Figure 1: Typical Study Approaches
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Figure 2: Feedback Loop for Questio
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educational Web page design. We hav
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Identifying and Meeting Needs of In
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Two new forms-driven templates, one
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What We Learned About Coaching Web
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Introduction The WWW as a Primary S
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Processing the Order Once users hav
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documentation, report a problem to
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VRML and the Web: A Basis for Multi
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Plate 2: Three users represented by
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Figure 2: Interfae components to ex
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Avatar Distribution Figure 3: Avata
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Introduction Tracking WWW Users: Ex
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etween subsequent requests, and an
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server not to cache that object. Ho
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[Benford et al. 1996] Benford, S.D.
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Published on the Web from the WebNe
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current state of knowledge represen
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Figure 1: Textook and Glossary wind
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Part of this work is supported by a
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Database 2. Review of Related Work
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Display Password Screen Check User
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Recently, Java has changed the way
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To meet our requirements, we have o
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Using the WebSM the creation of a q
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store its result in a variable, usi
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Table of Contents Executive Summary
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Chapter One: The Web Marketplace Gr
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4) Advertising Subsidy growing dram
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effectiveness of the ad with any on
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3) Server Performance The Web commu
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Chapter Three: Andromedia’s Aria
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3) Distributed Design Although Obje
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Aria.monitor is comprehensive with
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The Aria.recorder is also capable o
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is being used to create real-time r
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The Reporter user interface provide
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Aria.reporter takes advantage of th
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Introduction Automating Hypermedia
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Figure 3: 2: Add Course Graphic Cre
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Longevity of the HTML Course Creato
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Methodological Issues in Studying a
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4. Complexity of User Interaction:
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automatically, in a reliable and pe
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web users (i.e., scrolling list of
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the NSF EXPRES project. In [Galeghe
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Astronomy and Space Science Relevan
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surface of Pluto - assembled throug
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The Web as Process Tool and Product
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collaboratively produced report abo
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In the AIT course, key satisfaction
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Explorations: the Cornell Theory Ce
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version of Netscape 2.0 (Netscape w
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from video tape) and compromised on
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Designing a Course on the WEB : the
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charge of a training institute, we
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Another way of supporting "point to
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References [Derycke and D’Halluin
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like SGMLS or SP [Clark 95]. The WW
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MRTSpace is based on MRT, a Minimal
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2.3 Geometric and visual ‘continu
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IP Multicast messages do not work o
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came into common use. A number of e
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probably to human culture as a whol
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3D Visualization of WWW Semantic Co
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2.1 Extracting and Organizing WWW S
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mantic space comes from exploring r
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Introduction Interactive Justice Th
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presented by both public prosecutor
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A different communication mode allo
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Convergence to the Information High
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over 9 million at the beginning of
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unreliable electronic components co
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in an integrated model which has th
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Crane, D. (1972). Invisible College
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discourse does not mean that it is
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Figure 2 Communities within the lay
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The major services classified are:-
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Spears, R. and Lea, M. (1994). Pana
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presents relevant items to the user
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ProFusion's main process creates mu
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Managing Interdisciplinary Project
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influencing the study. To ensure th
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ANALYSIS The introduction of new co
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to be combined; this integration ac
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On receiving the information that a
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4.1.4 SPS-SCS delivery system This
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Aster Servers - How to make Aster m
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Another approach we have tested as
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information available on the web. W
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Project Based Learning - Global Vil
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http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/SDG/Softwa
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Web. It is tailored to the needs of
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Views of the Solar System - http://
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Gatherers and Brokers. The Gatherer
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(Uniform Resource Locators) are pre
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References Figure 6: Document Displ
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The RealAudio (http://www.realaudio
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For educators, this combination of
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The practical components of this pr
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typologize communication and media
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egistration pattern (in the reverse
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the Internet, in terms of informati
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Fig. 10: 3-dimensional pattern matr
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structure of the courses adheres to
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applications manage chat sessions,
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6. Evaluation Figure 4: Example
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Introduction Windows to the Univers
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Figure 1: The main navigation panel
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Our Planet Interior & Surface Atmos
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I. Introduction What is a browser?
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(1) [Baggett, Ehrenfeucht, & Guzdia
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Node display. In addition to enforc
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On-demand Multi-lingual Font Servic
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One of the advantages by using Java
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The directory can be an alias defin
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Real Audiences—Worldwide: A Case
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outstandingly successful authors re
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usually jumps over the keyboard --
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Introduction Web Conceptual Space R
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conceptual knowledge processing, kn
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and the 'Top' view for all applicat
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An Information Broker for Adaptive
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the worst case, we can make a rough
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These simple parameters significant
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[Weider 96] Weider, C. , Fullton, J
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experiments, listen to sound, run l
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The administration and management s
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Educational packages: the current i
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Embedded Interactive Concept Maps i
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eading and understanding informal c
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Every Smart Ideas document has a de
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and used an index into the HTML doc
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Introduction Building Internet-Base
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comments from others or newly assig
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Figure 3: Author profile Conclusion
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The major features are: Figure 1 Me
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Figure 3 FrameMaker requirements do
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5 Conclusions This article has pres
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On-the-Fly Web Pages Minus the HTML
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Scannell, Ted (1996). Steve Jobs In
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originator. Thus, the collaborative
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preferences, circumstances and task
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development concerns the previously
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Abstract: Aspects of Large World Wi
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Structuring data The unstructured a
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say on a LAN with a hypermedia serv
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Halasz, 1988 Halasz, F. (1988). Ref
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One of the CNES' goals is to make s
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Archived Files Start Time 1 End Tim
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HELP-EXCHANGE: An Arbitrated System
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Since the Help-Exchange system is e
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system avoids spamming since the qu
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From a Set of Technical Documents t
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“The machine that would perform t
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In the case of the link with commen
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[Glushko 89] Glushko, R. (1989). De
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• SWOOP [Hunter et al. 95] provid
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also planned for implementing this
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storage structures already establis
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Every S-collection (instance) has a
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do not map S-collections onto a glo
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The operator JOIN is applied to a c
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Internet India Suzanne McMahon Univ
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published in Bombay, includes shopp
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INDIA-E@INDNET.BGSU.EDU Economic Fo
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Instructional Materials The first c
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Reminder Robot For the Q&A section
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[Wusage 1994] Cold Spring Harbor La
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succeed, is also social in origin,
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Other ships may also appear on the
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An Intelligent Tutoring System on t
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Figure 1. Viewer Control Mechanism
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input and clickable map as the ways
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Designing Digital Libraries for Pos
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Layer HOSS allows an open set of st
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contradictory to produce a well-def
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[Chartier 1994] Chartier, R. (1994)
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much of the value on the Net “wil
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did nothing but slow down processin
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Bundling has been studied extensive
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The software industry relies on dif
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that is not accepted by society exi
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[Richardson & Radner 1996] Richards
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European Economic Area agreement. S
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Figure 2: Components of the learnin
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5. Concluding Remarks Figure 4: The
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A Distance Education How-To Manual:
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usually required. This can take pla
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piece, or of the whole piece. A CD
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Indexes, Keys: these tables define
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following, we discuss basic types o
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long: in the music database, the co
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The MARBLE 1 Project: A Collaborati
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available, as described above, help
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Feedback and Analysis Fig 2: Extrac
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Open Net and the Australian On-Line
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speeds, download times, changing br
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our audience, fall into one of the
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server change. When we had our own
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Structuring and classification of d
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would not have the rights to change
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5 Current Electronic Publications W
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WebGrid: Knowledge Elicitation and
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annotation form shown in Figure 2 t
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Figure 4 WebGrid form for rating el
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Figure 7 Main status screen of WebG
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As a final element, the realtor has
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WebGrid provides many additional fa
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Media, Multimedia and Meaningful La
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One question which arises in a disc
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about the medium. In studies in whi
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Schwerin advocates mediation as “
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The wider implications of this perc
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Internet, that quality may be seen
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The most frequently discussed probl
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3.2 Developer viewpoint A MicroWeb
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We anticipate that the complete Mic
Page 491 and 492: Database for employment information
Page 493 and 494: Figure 1 System Structure Figure 2
Page 495 and 496: Figure 5(b) Results of Searching
Page 497 and 498: ClassNet is a CGI-Script running un
Page 499 and 500: Current Uses Dr. Doug Yarger at Iow
Page 501 and 502: Introduction Modelling Alter Egos i
Page 503 and 504: Let us further suppose that the cyb
Page 505 and 506: • NEC to indicate that the action
Page 507 and 508: for example impossible to define an
Page 509 and 510: [vdRiet 95] R.P. van de Riet, A. Ju
Page 511 and 512: or "anchors." The anchors are stori
Page 513 and 514: Figure 1: Excerpt from SMART WWWeb
Page 515 and 516: there is less dissolved oxygen in t
Page 517 and 518: CS20 will provide students with new
Page 519 and 520: EPIC : Building a Structured Learni
Page 521 and 522: expects. The EPIC exercises are emb
Page 523 and 524: interactive courses around Scotland
Page 525 and 526: This paper begins by briefly survey
Page 527 and 528: must supply such information, the s
Page 529 and 530: Building the collection The lowest
Page 531 and 532: size is bounded by the size of a st
Page 533 and 534: the choice should be. It may be tha
Page 535 and 536: Introduction Supporting Provision a
Page 537 and 538: A visual resource base comprises a
Page 539 and 540: • Web browser: It performs the se
Page 541: POSTER / DEMONSTRATION
Page 545 and 546: Science Technology Entry Program: I
Page 547 and 548: ID Comm: Building a Virtual Communi
Page 549 and 550: Preservice Teacher Education and th
Page 551 and 552: Un Meurtre a Cinet (Un homicidio en
Page 553 and 554: The Human Brain: A Frames-based Ima
Page 555 and 556: Collaborative Learning/Teaching on
Page 557 and 558: SHORT PAPERS
Page 559 and 560: system look for email from the mail
Page 561 and 562: Converting a Large Introductory Cou
Page 563 and 564: Bringing Instructional Design Princ
Page 565 and 566: Watermarking for the HyperWave Hype
Page 567 and 568: Impact of the Introduction of Web-B
Page 569 and 570: Owen, J.M. (1993). Program Evaluati
Page 571 and 572: (d) Low cost to students (e) Easier
Page 573 and 574: Introduction Robots And The Web: An
Page 575 and 576: Figure 2. BargainBot Search Results
Page 577 and 578: Conclusions and Future Work Figure
Page 579 and 580: Introduction Active Messaging in Ja
Page 581 and 582: Acknowledgments The authors would l
Page 583 and 584: The effective development of web-ba
Page 585 and 586: telecollaboration. This work aims t
Page 587 and 588: Introduction Internet for Teachers:
Page 589 and 590: Creating Educational Webmasters: Cy
Page 591 and 592: Acknowledgments I would like to tha
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The College of Human Ecology, which
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The screen dumps below show a large
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can also open and close levels of t
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Venice and Vienna, iconographic col
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Introduction: Cyberschool - Singapo
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1. Overview US Information Superhig
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Collaborative Design: A Cognitive A
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A Web Based Decision Support System
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addition to participating in teache
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communication between students, bet
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• Exploring Libraries introduces
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Design for Web-Based Learning Phili
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The effin factor concerns the appea
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Introduction The Web is not a Distr
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WEB-EDD: Electronic Document Delive
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Walker, G. L. & Thoma, G. R. (1995)
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3. Evaluation of Link Annotation fo
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Based on the needs addressed above,
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The Presentational use of the inter
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named-thing2(thing-type (parameters
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Integrating the use of the Web into
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linking within the web page is also
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Providing Medical Education Resourc
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logons by PPP/home access, Informat
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indeed create considerable turbulen
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Introduction Homeland: An Integrate
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[Frega and Volpentesta 94] Frega N.
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Summary: Our culture often thinks o
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Implementing Engineering Education
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Reorganised by the Web: Bringing th
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content providers--collaborative te
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Table 1: Sample items from the BEM
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Health Care Information on the Web:
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Abstract Shame and War Revisited Ad
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left to do? Style sheets don't let
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In this case, the Los Alamos Nation
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Differing Cultures: Bringing Minds
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Web of Thought: Ways to Make the Wo
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On Teaching and Collaborative Devel
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I.- History Distance Education on D
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But there is much more to this pict
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in Treemaps. In contrast, the Docuv
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Figure 2: Webview The Webview is us
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Figure 3: Intradocument View showin
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Using a WWW Server to Access and Ma
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W3Client Figure 1 : The Co-Learn WW
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Avoiding Vendor Lock-in: An Open Ap
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Web Courses for Northern B.C.: Virt
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Harvesting the Internet: Creating a
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School Participation in the Co-Deve
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a basic framework for adopting tech
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COMMUNITY WEB PROJECTS TO SUPPORT H
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Overview: Automatically Generated W
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Introduction Computer Aided Informa
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[Bloomfield 1994] Bloomfield, H. (1
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A Generic Learning Platform: From t
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etween Moscow and Western Europe, S
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Creating A Presence On The World Wi
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References [Hill 1993] Hill, Terry
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many of the students likewise had f
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DeRose, Steven and Durand, David, M
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{1} http://www.gfz-potsdam.de/drz/g
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significantly different. Analysis f
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3. The Web Based Solution Most CBT
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A Virtual Campus on the World Wide
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A unified NBCC-wide (and hopefully
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Start Your Search Engines! Authenti
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Observations on Web-Based Course De
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espond to at least four other discu
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examples of the many good discussio
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instructor intervention (to prevent
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Using the World Wide Web To Creativ
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In summary, the goals of the PTK ar
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like SGMLS or SP [Clark 95]. The WW
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All relevant information and links
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Introducation A Virtual Classroom i
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Introduction Put Your Experience on
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Domeshek, E.A. & Kolodner, J.L. 199
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• provide IP address • provide
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Incorporating World Wide Web techno
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1 Introduction Non-Invasive Improve
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The first author acknowledges CNPq
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order to make the students feel tha
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World Band: K-12 Music Education on
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PITS (Populated Information Terrain
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The big central landmark VRML Some
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SEEWeb - An Internet Solution Steve
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Archive.edu: A Storehouse of Classr
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[O’Haver 1995] O’Haver, M. (199
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Module Three The third module explo
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The development of a new journal ne
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Implementation The tool is a Web-ba
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Providing Real Time Instruction on
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first was a single free text field
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the project as contributors of stud
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knowledge-acquisition have to be ac
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instead of contributing a lengthy r
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1. Introduction WWW3D: A 3D Multi-U
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6. Summary In this paper we have de
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collaborative programs. At the same
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and continued challenges of the pas
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In order to cater for the this latt
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Some lectures have pre-lecture assi
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Some Issues. T. of Japanese Society
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MENTOR: Internet Search Advisor and
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acquisition to be followed.- Repres
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Web in order to supplement the main
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When installed at the user end, stu
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These and other lessons learned hav
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some other details about the enviro
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Interactive Teaching Material for t
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The applet is organised around two
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esult, the new search queries not o
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Introduction Distant Education Mate
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Information. The Internet resources
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1 Introduction The Virtual Universi
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on-line, an audio and/or video conn
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Finally, if you are preparing lesso
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The user accessing the database (at
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Figure 2: The HTML page of Esther,
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PANEL
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TUTORIALS
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Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1
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specifications like the Initial Gra
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Low end digital cameras do not at a
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To display images correctly the gam
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• PCD: Photo Compact Disc. Kodak.
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3.1 Database Types There are differ
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There are a lot of (hierarchical) k
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the user. The drawback of dynamic c
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types. These are used to restrict t
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-18-
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If you would like to modify the app
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4.4 Database versus Information Ret
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HARVEST [29,30] is a more complicat
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• Access speed: 10% with 9,6 Kbit
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17. Proceedings of the 3rd Internat
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50. Poynton CA. Frequently Asked Qu
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