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owse visual resources is strongly demanded as an equally important approach for information retrieval along with the keyword search. Bearing the user requirements in mind, we investigated a number of projects including ELISE (Electronic Library Image Server for Europe) [Eyre 1994], STILE (Students’ and Teachers’ Integrated Learning Environment) [Ruggles et al. 1995; Zhao & Patel 1995; Zhao et al. 1996], and the Network Delivery of Multimedia Resources to the Academic Community project (URL: http://WWW.ets.bris.ac.uk). However, no systems have been found which could largely satisfy our user’s requirements. They either lack means to allow students to browse the visual resources or means to enable lecturers to supply the resources on the Web easily and in a federal manner. Therefore, the objective of the work reported in this paper is to reduce the gap so as to increase teachers’ power to manage and deliver visual materials, and to increase students’ power to discover and access visual resources relevant to their learning needs. The remainder of this paper will first provide a description of a system which aims to meet the user requirements listed above. Following that, an application of the system is described as a further illustration of the system functionality. Finally, we propose a new implementation of the system based upon a relational database management system - INGRES. Description of the System The system has two major features: allowing provision of visual resources on the Web easily and in a federal manner, and allowing access of visual resources on the Web by both querying and browsing. The system has a client/server structure based on the architecture of the Web. The server basically consists of a Web daemon (e.g., CERN server, NCSA httpd), raw visual resource bases, and a range of tools to support both provision and access of the visual resource. The visual resource bases can be owned and maintained by different providers. A provider can have one or more resource bases. The client basically includes a Web browser (e.g., NetScape, Microsoft Internet Explorer), and viewer applications where needed. It provides interfaces to the searching tool, browsing tool, and the editor. Of course, the editor is available only to the provider. The architecture of the system is illustrated in Figure 1, and each element of the system will be explained in more detail in the following paragraphs. Caption file Visual materials Caption file Visual materials Searching tool Editor Browsing tool WWW daemon Server Provider End-user Network Figure 1: Architecture of the system. Browser Interface to editor Browsing interface Searching interface Viewer Browser Interface to editor Browsing interface Searching interface Viewer Client Client
A visual resource base comprises a collection of visual materials (e.g., images, video clips) and a caption file. The visual materials should be in the format the Web can handle, e.g., GIF, JPEG, MPEG. They should be placed into the provider’s Web directory tree so that they can be addressed as URLs. Textual information of the visual material is stored in the caption file as a set of records. The format of records is defined at the beginning of the file which includes attributes of each field such as title, length, type of content (text or HTML or URL), whether or not it is searchable, whether or not it will be displayed in query results. A collection of visual materials and its caption file are associated with each other via a unique field in the caption file, which holds a URL as its value. The system provides three types of facilities to support information delivery and access, i.e., searching, browsing, and editing. They are all implemented by means of a combination of FORMS in the Web browser and CGI (Common Gateway Interface) scripts on the Web server. First of all, the editor enables the supplier to define a new caption file, and then to input data into and make changes when necessary to the file, directly through a Web browser. Secondly, the search facility [1] allows the end-user to make a query to the resource base from a Web browser. A query normally results in a list of keywords which represent items matching the query. The user can then choose any of them by clicking it to ask for its more detailed information which contains full textual explanation of the item as well as visual hints (e.g., thumbnails of images) as anchors of the eventual visual material. Finally, the browsing facility allows the end-user to browse a visual resource base according to the hierarchy of classification of the visual material. The classification hierarchy is in fact embedded within the caption file. Once a browsing session is initiated by a user, the browsing tool starts generating and displaying a partial hierarchy to the user step by step following his/her selection. An Application of the System The system is being used to build a personal on-line image collection about architectural history [2] , which will be introduced to students as resource material for courses related to the History of Architecture and Design. The collection will eventually contain a large number of photographs of structures from a number of different countries. Each photo is attached with a piece of textual information including name of structure, architect(s), location of structure, date when structure was built, type of structure, and its architectural style. In order to build the resource base, the first task was to define the format of the caption file via the browser-based editor. As a result of this, the system created a text file with the specification of how the textual information of images would be stored and treated. In this example, each record of the file comprises six fields corresponding to the items listed above, and a special field with the URL of an image as its value. Among the total seven fields, only the first six ones are searchable, and only the name and location of structure would be displayed in consequent query results as the key of a piece of structure. Having had defined the caption file, the next task was to input the data into the caption file by using the adding function of the editor. Prior to these tasks, the photos had been digitised and stored in the provider’s Web directory tree as GIF images. The appendix displays some screens from a searching session and a browsing session with the current architectural image collection. Screen 1-3 represent a searching session: a user made a query to the collection by entering in the searching interface “Manhattan, New York” and “Domestic” as the location and type of structure (Screen 1); ten items were found in the current collection and the keys of them were displayed to the user (Screen 2); and the user asked to see more about The Dakota Apartment by clicking on its name and its detail was shown with miniatures of its full photos (Screen 3). Screen 4-6, and 3 represent a short browsing session: a user started his/her trip with a list of classifications of structure (Screen 4); he/she clicked “Type of structure” for some reason and was displayed all names of types of structure (Screen 5); he/she was particularly interested in domestic structures so clicked on “Domestic” and all domestic structures were turned up with their key and a thumbnail of a representative photo (Screen 6); and he/she picked up a building for more detail, which happened to be the same one as the previous user chose (Screen 4). [1] The search facility is implemented by using a CGI script produced by the STILE project. [2] The authors would like to thank Rowan Roenisch for her permission for us to use her architectural image collection as the example in this paper.
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Proceedings of WebNet 96— WebNet
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FULL PAPERS BRIAN BEVIRT Designing
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THIERRY LEVOIR & REMI BASTIDE SADS:
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MASAYASU AOTANI Distance education
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IAIN LANGDON Education for Changing
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PANELS M J MCALISTER, P COMER & MIS
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Designing Hypertext Navigation Tool
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Organize the Contents of Your Site
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multiple hierarchy charts have to b
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Developing Structured WWW-Sites wit
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Links refer to Templates. From the
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typing tool, which on the one hand
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and implement commercial Web-sites.
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constraints. It is important to rem
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A three-rowed "desktop" was used as
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All assignments were tracked, and s
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Figure 5: Student Information Toolb
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positive values to the course: 1. F
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2. Problem Areas We have identified
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in our system is quite large, and p
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map information for display into th
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- whether these new applications co
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4.3. The Production Phase The produ
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Requests 2500000 2000000 1500000 10
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information systems. Since late 199
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QuestWriter, which will be availabl
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Figure 1: Typical Study Approaches
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Figure 2: Feedback Loop for Questio
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educational Web page design. We hav
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Identifying and Meeting Needs of In
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Two new forms-driven templates, one
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What We Learned About Coaching Web
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Introduction The WWW as a Primary S
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Processing the Order Once users hav
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documentation, report a problem to
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VRML and the Web: A Basis for Multi
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Plate 2: Three users represented by
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Figure 2: Interfae components to ex
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Avatar Distribution Figure 3: Avata
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Introduction Tracking WWW Users: Ex
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etween subsequent requests, and an
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server not to cache that object. Ho
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[Benford et al. 1996] Benford, S.D.
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Published on the Web from the WebNe
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current state of knowledge represen
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Figure 1: Textook and Glossary wind
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Part of this work is supported by a
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Database 2. Review of Related Work
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Display Password Screen Check User
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Recently, Java has changed the way
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To meet our requirements, we have o
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Using the WebSM the creation of a q
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store its result in a variable, usi
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Table of Contents Executive Summary
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Chapter One: The Web Marketplace Gr
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4) Advertising Subsidy growing dram
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effectiveness of the ad with any on
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3) Server Performance The Web commu
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Chapter Three: Andromedia’s Aria
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3) Distributed Design Although Obje
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Aria.monitor is comprehensive with
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The Aria.recorder is also capable o
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is being used to create real-time r
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The Reporter user interface provide
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Aria.reporter takes advantage of th
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Introduction Automating Hypermedia
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Figure 3: 2: Add Course Graphic Cre
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Longevity of the HTML Course Creato
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Methodological Issues in Studying a
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4. Complexity of User Interaction:
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automatically, in a reliable and pe
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web users (i.e., scrolling list of
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the NSF EXPRES project. In [Galeghe
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Astronomy and Space Science Relevan
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surface of Pluto - assembled throug
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The Web as Process Tool and Product
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collaboratively produced report abo
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In the AIT course, key satisfaction
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Explorations: the Cornell Theory Ce
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version of Netscape 2.0 (Netscape w
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from video tape) and compromised on
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Designing a Course on the WEB : the
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charge of a training institute, we
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Another way of supporting "point to
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References [Derycke and D’Halluin
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like SGMLS or SP [Clark 95]. The WW
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MRTSpace is based on MRT, a Minimal
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2.3 Geometric and visual ‘continu
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IP Multicast messages do not work o
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came into common use. A number of e
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probably to human culture as a whol
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3D Visualization of WWW Semantic Co
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2.1 Extracting and Organizing WWW S
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mantic space comes from exploring r
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Introduction Interactive Justice Th
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presented by both public prosecutor
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A different communication mode allo
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Convergence to the Information High
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over 9 million at the beginning of
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unreliable electronic components co
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in an integrated model which has th
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Crane, D. (1972). Invisible College
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discourse does not mean that it is
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Figure 2 Communities within the lay
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The major services classified are:-
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Spears, R. and Lea, M. (1994). Pana
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presents relevant items to the user
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ProFusion's main process creates mu
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Managing Interdisciplinary Project
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influencing the study. To ensure th
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ANALYSIS The introduction of new co
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to be combined; this integration ac
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On receiving the information that a
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4.1.4 SPS-SCS delivery system This
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Aster Servers - How to make Aster m
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Another approach we have tested as
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information available on the web. W
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Project Based Learning - Global Vil
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http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/SDG/Softwa
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Web. It is tailored to the needs of
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Views of the Solar System - http://
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Gatherers and Brokers. The Gatherer
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(Uniform Resource Locators) are pre
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References Figure 6: Document Displ
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The RealAudio (http://www.realaudio
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For educators, this combination of
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The practical components of this pr
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typologize communication and media
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egistration pattern (in the reverse
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the Internet, in terms of informati
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Fig. 10: 3-dimensional pattern matr
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structure of the courses adheres to
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applications manage chat sessions,
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6. Evaluation Figure 4: Example
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Introduction Windows to the Univers
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Figure 1: The main navigation panel
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Our Planet Interior & Surface Atmos
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I. Introduction What is a browser?
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(1) [Baggett, Ehrenfeucht, & Guzdia
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Node display. In addition to enforc
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On-demand Multi-lingual Font Servic
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One of the advantages by using Java
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The directory can be an alias defin
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Real Audiences—Worldwide: A Case
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outstandingly successful authors re
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usually jumps over the keyboard --
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Introduction Web Conceptual Space R
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conceptual knowledge processing, kn
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and the 'Top' view for all applicat
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An Information Broker for Adaptive
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the worst case, we can make a rough
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These simple parameters significant
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[Weider 96] Weider, C. , Fullton, J
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experiments, listen to sound, run l
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The administration and management s
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Educational packages: the current i
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Embedded Interactive Concept Maps i
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eading and understanding informal c
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Every Smart Ideas document has a de
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and used an index into the HTML doc
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Introduction Building Internet-Base
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comments from others or newly assig
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Figure 3: Author profile Conclusion
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The major features are: Figure 1 Me
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Figure 3 FrameMaker requirements do
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5 Conclusions This article has pres
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On-the-Fly Web Pages Minus the HTML
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Scannell, Ted (1996). Steve Jobs In
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originator. Thus, the collaborative
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preferences, circumstances and task
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development concerns the previously
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Abstract: Aspects of Large World Wi
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Structuring data The unstructured a
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say on a LAN with a hypermedia serv
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Halasz, 1988 Halasz, F. (1988). Ref
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One of the CNES' goals is to make s
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Archived Files Start Time 1 End Tim
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HELP-EXCHANGE: An Arbitrated System
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Since the Help-Exchange system is e
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system avoids spamming since the qu
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From a Set of Technical Documents t
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“The machine that would perform t
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In the case of the link with commen
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[Glushko 89] Glushko, R. (1989). De
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• SWOOP [Hunter et al. 95] provid
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also planned for implementing this
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storage structures already establis
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Every S-collection (instance) has a
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do not map S-collections onto a glo
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The operator JOIN is applied to a c
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Internet India Suzanne McMahon Univ
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published in Bombay, includes shopp
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INDIA-E@INDNET.BGSU.EDU Economic Fo
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Instructional Materials The first c
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Reminder Robot For the Q&A section
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[Wusage 1994] Cold Spring Harbor La
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succeed, is also social in origin,
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Other ships may also appear on the
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An Intelligent Tutoring System on t
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Figure 1. Viewer Control Mechanism
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input and clickable map as the ways
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Designing Digital Libraries for Pos
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Layer HOSS allows an open set of st
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contradictory to produce a well-def
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[Chartier 1994] Chartier, R. (1994)
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much of the value on the Net “wil
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did nothing but slow down processin
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Bundling has been studied extensive
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The software industry relies on dif
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that is not accepted by society exi
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[Richardson & Radner 1996] Richards
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European Economic Area agreement. S
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Figure 2: Components of the learnin
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5. Concluding Remarks Figure 4: The
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A Distance Education How-To Manual:
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usually required. This can take pla
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piece, or of the whole piece. A CD
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Indexes, Keys: these tables define
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following, we discuss basic types o
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long: in the music database, the co
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The MARBLE 1 Project: A Collaborati
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available, as described above, help
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Feedback and Analysis Fig 2: Extrac
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Open Net and the Australian On-Line
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speeds, download times, changing br
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our audience, fall into one of the
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server change. When we had our own
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Structuring and classification of d
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would not have the rights to change
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5 Current Electronic Publications W
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WebGrid: Knowledge Elicitation and
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annotation form shown in Figure 2 t
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Figure 4 WebGrid form for rating el
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Figure 7 Main status screen of WebG
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As a final element, the realtor has
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WebGrid provides many additional fa
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Media, Multimedia and Meaningful La
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One question which arises in a disc
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about the medium. In studies in whi
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Schwerin advocates mediation as “
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The wider implications of this perc
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Internet, that quality may be seen
Page 485 and 486: The most frequently discussed probl
Page 487 and 488: 3.2 Developer viewpoint A MicroWeb
Page 489 and 490: We anticipate that the complete Mic
Page 491 and 492: Database for employment information
Page 493 and 494: Figure 1 System Structure Figure 2
Page 495 and 496: Figure 5(b) Results of Searching
Page 497 and 498: ClassNet is a CGI-Script running un
Page 499 and 500: Current Uses Dr. Doug Yarger at Iow
Page 501 and 502: Introduction Modelling Alter Egos i
Page 503 and 504: Let us further suppose that the cyb
Page 505 and 506: • NEC to indicate that the action
Page 507 and 508: for example impossible to define an
Page 509 and 510: [vdRiet 95] R.P. van de Riet, A. Ju
Page 511 and 512: or "anchors." The anchors are stori
Page 513 and 514: Figure 1: Excerpt from SMART WWWeb
Page 515 and 516: there is less dissolved oxygen in t
Page 517 and 518: CS20 will provide students with new
Page 519 and 520: EPIC : Building a Structured Learni
Page 521 and 522: expects. The EPIC exercises are emb
Page 523 and 524: interactive courses around Scotland
Page 525 and 526: This paper begins by briefly survey
Page 527 and 528: must supply such information, the s
Page 529 and 530: Building the collection The lowest
Page 531 and 532: size is bounded by the size of a st
Page 533 and 534: the choice should be. It may be tha
Page 535: Introduction Supporting Provision a
Page 539 and 540: • Web browser: It performs the se
Page 541 and 542: POSTER / DEMONSTRATION
Page 543 and 544: integration of presentations create
Page 545 and 546: Science Technology Entry Program: I
Page 547 and 548: ID Comm: Building a Virtual Communi
Page 549 and 550: Preservice Teacher Education and th
Page 551 and 552: Un Meurtre a Cinet (Un homicidio en
Page 553 and 554: The Human Brain: A Frames-based Ima
Page 555 and 556: Collaborative Learning/Teaching on
Page 557 and 558: SHORT PAPERS
Page 559 and 560: system look for email from the mail
Page 561 and 562: Converting a Large Introductory Cou
Page 563 and 564: Bringing Instructional Design Princ
Page 565 and 566: Watermarking for the HyperWave Hype
Page 567 and 568: Impact of the Introduction of Web-B
Page 569 and 570: Owen, J.M. (1993). Program Evaluati
Page 571 and 572: (d) Low cost to students (e) Easier
Page 573 and 574: Introduction Robots And The Web: An
Page 575 and 576: Figure 2. BargainBot Search Results
Page 577 and 578: Conclusions and Future Work Figure
Page 579 and 580: Introduction Active Messaging in Ja
Page 581 and 582: Acknowledgments The authors would l
Page 583 and 584: The effective development of web-ba
Page 585 and 586: telecollaboration. This work aims t
Page 587 and 588:
Introduction Internet for Teachers:
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Creating Educational Webmasters: Cy
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Acknowledgments I would like to tha
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The College of Human Ecology, which
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The screen dumps below show a large
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can also open and close levels of t
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Venice and Vienna, iconographic col
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Introduction: Cyberschool - Singapo
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1. Overview US Information Superhig
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Collaborative Design: A Cognitive A
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A Web Based Decision Support System
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addition to participating in teache
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communication between students, bet
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• Exploring Libraries introduces
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Design for Web-Based Learning Phili
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The effin factor concerns the appea
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Introduction The Web is not a Distr
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WEB-EDD: Electronic Document Delive
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Walker, G. L. & Thoma, G. R. (1995)
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3. Evaluation of Link Annotation fo
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Based on the needs addressed above,
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The Presentational use of the inter
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named-thing2(thing-type (parameters
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Integrating the use of the Web into
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linking within the web page is also
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Providing Medical Education Resourc
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logons by PPP/home access, Informat
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indeed create considerable turbulen
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Introduction Homeland: An Integrate
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[Frega and Volpentesta 94] Frega N.
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Summary: Our culture often thinks o
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Implementing Engineering Education
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Reorganised by the Web: Bringing th
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content providers--collaborative te
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Table 1: Sample items from the BEM
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Health Care Information on the Web:
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Abstract Shame and War Revisited Ad
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left to do? Style sheets don't let
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In this case, the Los Alamos Nation
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Differing Cultures: Bringing Minds
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Web of Thought: Ways to Make the Wo
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On Teaching and Collaborative Devel
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I.- History Distance Education on D
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But there is much more to this pict
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in Treemaps. In contrast, the Docuv
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Figure 2: Webview The Webview is us
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Figure 3: Intradocument View showin
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Using a WWW Server to Access and Ma
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W3Client Figure 1 : The Co-Learn WW
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Avoiding Vendor Lock-in: An Open Ap
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Web Courses for Northern B.C.: Virt
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Harvesting the Internet: Creating a
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School Participation in the Co-Deve
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a basic framework for adopting tech
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COMMUNITY WEB PROJECTS TO SUPPORT H
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Overview: Automatically Generated W
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Introduction Computer Aided Informa
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[Bloomfield 1994] Bloomfield, H. (1
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A Generic Learning Platform: From t
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etween Moscow and Western Europe, S
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Creating A Presence On The World Wi
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References [Hill 1993] Hill, Terry
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many of the students likewise had f
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DeRose, Steven and Durand, David, M
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{1} http://www.gfz-potsdam.de/drz/g
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significantly different. Analysis f
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3. The Web Based Solution Most CBT
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A Virtual Campus on the World Wide
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A unified NBCC-wide (and hopefully
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Start Your Search Engines! Authenti
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Observations on Web-Based Course De
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espond to at least four other discu
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examples of the many good discussio
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instructor intervention (to prevent
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Using the World Wide Web To Creativ
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In summary, the goals of the PTK ar
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like SGMLS or SP [Clark 95]. The WW
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All relevant information and links
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Introducation A Virtual Classroom i
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Introduction Put Your Experience on
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Domeshek, E.A. & Kolodner, J.L. 199
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• provide IP address • provide
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Incorporating World Wide Web techno
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1 Introduction Non-Invasive Improve
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The first author acknowledges CNPq
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order to make the students feel tha
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World Band: K-12 Music Education on
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PITS (Populated Information Terrain
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The big central landmark VRML Some
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SEEWeb - An Internet Solution Steve
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Archive.edu: A Storehouse of Classr
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[O’Haver 1995] O’Haver, M. (199
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Module Three The third module explo
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The development of a new journal ne
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Implementation The tool is a Web-ba
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Providing Real Time Instruction on
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first was a single free text field
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the project as contributors of stud
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knowledge-acquisition have to be ac
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instead of contributing a lengthy r
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1. Introduction WWW3D: A 3D Multi-U
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6. Summary In this paper we have de
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collaborative programs. At the same
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and continued challenges of the pas
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In order to cater for the this latt
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Some lectures have pre-lecture assi
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Some Issues. T. of Japanese Society
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MENTOR: Internet Search Advisor and
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acquisition to be followed.- Repres
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Web in order to supplement the main
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When installed at the user end, stu
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These and other lessons learned hav
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some other details about the enviro
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Interactive Teaching Material for t
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The applet is organised around two
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esult, the new search queries not o
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Introduction Distant Education Mate
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Information. The Internet resources
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1 Introduction The Virtual Universi
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on-line, an audio and/or video conn
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Finally, if you are preparing lesso
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The user accessing the database (at
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Figure 2: The HTML page of Esther,
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PANEL
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TUTORIALS
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Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1
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specifications like the Initial Gra
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Low end digital cameras do not at a
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To display images correctly the gam
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• PCD: Photo Compact Disc. Kodak.
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3.1 Database Types There are differ
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There are a lot of (hierarchical) k
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the user. The drawback of dynamic c
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types. These are used to restrict t
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-18-
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If you would like to modify the app
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4.4 Database versus Information Ret
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HARVEST [29,30] is a more complicat
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• Access speed: 10% with 9,6 Kbit
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17. Proceedings of the 3rd Internat
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50. Poynton CA. Frequently Asked Qu
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