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With this approach electronic publications need no longer be text based with some multimedia add-ons. Instead authors can choose the document type most suitable for the topic without loosing important hypernavigation features. As an example a paper about new chemical structures could consist of 3D models of molecules that are clickable. The hyperlinks could then lead to spectrum images that are then linked to some additional text based explanations in e.g. PDF [see Adobe 93]. A video of an experiment, naturally again with hyperlinks to explanations, completes the presentation. All the documents in the example above carry meta information such as keywords and can therefore easily be located in a search. Acceptance of electronic publications is highly dependent on their quality. For electronic publishing quality does not only mean high quality contents, which can be assured by an appropriate refereeing process. Stability of electronic publications is at least as important. Technically it is easy to change electronic papers after publication but this is unacceptable. Instead Hyper-G's annotation and versioning mechanisms can be used to alert the reader of new results or errata. In this case the paper is not changed at all, only additional information is added to the paper. Therefore all citations of the paper that existed for the original version are still valid and the reader can choose to browse annotations and newer versions of the paper on demand. Annotations in Hyper-G are hyperlinks pointing to the document that is annotated. Since Hyper-G's links are bidirectional the reader simply follows an annotation link backwards to read the annotation. The use of URNs in a link database instead of URLs embedded in documents guarantees that the annotation links are stable. This means that an annotated document can be moved around on the server or even from one server to another without generating annotations that point to nowhere. All links that pointed to the document before are then pointing to the document at its new location. As has been mentioned above refereeing is one of the very time consuming processes of publishing. Using annotations electronic refereeing can be performed easily: papers are inserted in the Hyper-G server with read access only for the referees. The referees then comment the papers using the annotation mechanism. If desired annotations can also be made readable for the author, so the author is able to react immediately on the referees' comments. More than that - the author himself could also annotate the referees' comments to clarify misunderstandings. Naturally the author as well as the referees remain anonymous [Maurer 95]. Saving the time for sending documents back and forth between referees, authors and editors as well as being able to do corrections in papers while refereeing is still in progress this process can be shortened significantly. Amongst other structuring elements Hyper-G supports the concept of clusters. A cluster contains several documents that are related to each other and therefore should be viewed together. In the example given earlier in this paper the 3D molecular models could be clustered together with an explanatory text. In this case the user would get the 3D model in one window together with the explanatory text in another window. Clusters are also used to serve multilingual documents. Documents in different languages are put together and the readers then only get the documents matching their language preferences. In first generation Web systems the only possibility to have multilingual documents was it to let the user choose the language on the entry page and then follow different paths through the server for different languages. This approach caused a lot of work for server operators and the readers had no chance to change the language on the fly. With Hyper-G only one path through the server has to be maintained and the readers can switch back and forth between multiple languages on the fly. 3 Professional Tools for Publishers So far discussion was about the technical design of Hyper-G and the resulting possibilities arising when using it for distribution of electronic documents. But that's not really all: these features can also be helpful for internal purposes such as collecting all the versions of a paper from the original submission over intermediate corrected versions to the final published paper. The complete refereeing process including all different versions of papers together with the referees' comments can be kept on the same server that is used for distribution. Supported by Hyper-G's access control mechanisms the publisher defines what a reader can see. As an example subscribers can only see the published versions of papers, referees would also see intermediate versions of the paper they are just refereeing. The editor in chief and the responsible staff would have access to all the information including refereeing forms and internal information. Referees
would not have the rights to change a paper they are refereeing, but they would have the rights to make annotations. If desired the author could get the right to also annotate the referees' annotations to clarify misunderstandings - naturally both referees and author remaining anonymous. For the whole process from administration to final document preparation a set of tools and fill-out forms has been developed that can be adopted according to the publishers' needs. The following paragraphs deal with some of the more sophisticated tools that have been developed to provide a cost effective way for publishers to add value to electronic papers. As mentioned above it is desirable to keep older versions of documents for archival and maintenance purposes. For this reason a special versioning tool was developed that uses Hyper-G's cluster mechanism: different versions of a document are clustered together and the reader can switch back and forth between different versions on the fly. Whenever a new version of a document is inserted a special link migration tool parses all outgoing hyperlinks in the older document and inserts them at the appropriate location in the new document. Only outgoing links are considered during migration because incoming links should not be touched - they are normally comments for exactly the version of the paper they are pointing to. Considering a paper one will find a lot of so-called vocative links. A vocative link is a textual pointer to a location such as ``see also page nn''. In scientific papers one will normally find a references section with pointers to other publications - again a typical example for vocative links. These considerations about vocative links have lead to the development of an automatic vocative link creation tool. The tool is based on a so called ``Vocative Link Creation Language'' (VLCL) that was designed to support the description of contexts in documents and to find potential hyperlinks in it. To not loose myself in too many details, here is a small example: Consider a piece of text with the phrase ...details can be found in [Moser 95].... The tool will identify this phrase to be a vocative hyperlink leading to the references section and insert a link to the references here. Parsing the references it finds the entry [Moser 95] Moser J., ``The Art of PostScript programming'', available at http://www.iicm.edu/app, Dec. 95. The URL will be identified by the tool and a link to the according document will be inserted. Since VLCL is a programming language the behaviour can even be controlled to the extent that the link to the references is not created but leads directly to the location instead. If this sounds complicated - VLCL was designed to describe such rules in a very compact and high level manner. Normally VLCL programs having the functionality described above are not longer than e.g. 30 -- 40 lines. And they normally have to be written only once because journals have their well defined citation rules that are not changing too much over time. In addition citation rules are not varying too much between journals so that an existing VLCL program can be slightly modified and will then suit the needs of another journal. A different tool for automatic hyperlink creation deals with glossaries. A glossary in Hyper-G is defined as an arbitrary collection of explanatory documents that are classified by their titles and keywords. The glossary link creation tool accepts arbitrary many glossary collections and automatically interlinks items in papers with glossary entries. The links created get the special type glossary so that the reader can turn them on and off seperately when needed. The glossary link creation tool works at the moment for HTML documents, PDF and PostScript support are under development. Feedback about the readers' behaviour is necessary to improve the quality of a server. Standard statistics tools today are able to count the number of accesses to a document and give information about the location of the reader. Due to Hyper-G's user session concept a lot more information can be extracted from the logfiles. For this reason a specialized statistics tool was developed that is also able to trace the readers' way through the server from the beginning to the end of a session. Using the session-oriented statistics the information provider can see the ``typical'' way of a reader through the server and find out about specific problems that arise. As an example the server operator could see that a majority of users is quitting a session when downloading a certain document. In this case the information provider could have a look at this document and e.g. find out that there is a huge inline image on this page that takes to much time to be downloaded. Another situation could be that link references are misunderstood and the readers get a page they don't want. It can also be analysed if the structure on the server is easy to handle for the reader. Items that are often searched instead of accessed directly are very likely not reachable easy enough. Parts of the structure that are never accessed also alert the
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Proceedings of WebNet 96— WebNet
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FULL PAPERS BRIAN BEVIRT Designing
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THIERRY LEVOIR & REMI BASTIDE SADS:
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MASAYASU AOTANI Distance education
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IAIN LANGDON Education for Changing
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PANELS M J MCALISTER, P COMER & MIS
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Designing Hypertext Navigation Tool
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Organize the Contents of Your Site
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multiple hierarchy charts have to b
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Developing Structured WWW-Sites wit
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Links refer to Templates. From the
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typing tool, which on the one hand
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and implement commercial Web-sites.
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constraints. It is important to rem
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A three-rowed "desktop" was used as
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All assignments were tracked, and s
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Figure 5: Student Information Toolb
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positive values to the course: 1. F
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2. Problem Areas We have identified
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in our system is quite large, and p
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map information for display into th
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- whether these new applications co
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4.3. The Production Phase The produ
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Requests 2500000 2000000 1500000 10
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information systems. Since late 199
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QuestWriter, which will be availabl
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Figure 1: Typical Study Approaches
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Figure 2: Feedback Loop for Questio
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educational Web page design. We hav
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Identifying and Meeting Needs of In
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Two new forms-driven templates, one
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What We Learned About Coaching Web
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Introduction The WWW as a Primary S
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Processing the Order Once users hav
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documentation, report a problem to
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VRML and the Web: A Basis for Multi
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Plate 2: Three users represented by
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Figure 2: Interfae components to ex
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Avatar Distribution Figure 3: Avata
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Introduction Tracking WWW Users: Ex
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etween subsequent requests, and an
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server not to cache that object. Ho
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[Benford et al. 1996] Benford, S.D.
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Published on the Web from the WebNe
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current state of knowledge represen
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Figure 1: Textook and Glossary wind
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Part of this work is supported by a
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Database 2. Review of Related Work
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Display Password Screen Check User
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Recently, Java has changed the way
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To meet our requirements, we have o
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Using the WebSM the creation of a q
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store its result in a variable, usi
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Table of Contents Executive Summary
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Chapter One: The Web Marketplace Gr
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4) Advertising Subsidy growing dram
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effectiveness of the ad with any on
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3) Server Performance The Web commu
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Chapter Three: Andromedia’s Aria
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3) Distributed Design Although Obje
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Aria.monitor is comprehensive with
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The Aria.recorder is also capable o
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is being used to create real-time r
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The Reporter user interface provide
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Aria.reporter takes advantage of th
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Introduction Automating Hypermedia
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Figure 3: 2: Add Course Graphic Cre
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Longevity of the HTML Course Creato
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Methodological Issues in Studying a
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4. Complexity of User Interaction:
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automatically, in a reliable and pe
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web users (i.e., scrolling list of
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the NSF EXPRES project. In [Galeghe
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Astronomy and Space Science Relevan
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surface of Pluto - assembled throug
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The Web as Process Tool and Product
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collaboratively produced report abo
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In the AIT course, key satisfaction
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Explorations: the Cornell Theory Ce
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version of Netscape 2.0 (Netscape w
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from video tape) and compromised on
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Designing a Course on the WEB : the
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charge of a training institute, we
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Another way of supporting "point to
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References [Derycke and D’Halluin
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like SGMLS or SP [Clark 95]. The WW
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MRTSpace is based on MRT, a Minimal
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2.3 Geometric and visual ‘continu
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IP Multicast messages do not work o
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came into common use. A number of e
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probably to human culture as a whol
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3D Visualization of WWW Semantic Co
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2.1 Extracting and Organizing WWW S
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mantic space comes from exploring r
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Introduction Interactive Justice Th
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presented by both public prosecutor
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A different communication mode allo
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Convergence to the Information High
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over 9 million at the beginning of
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unreliable electronic components co
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in an integrated model which has th
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Crane, D. (1972). Invisible College
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discourse does not mean that it is
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Figure 2 Communities within the lay
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The major services classified are:-
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Spears, R. and Lea, M. (1994). Pana
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presents relevant items to the user
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ProFusion's main process creates mu
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Managing Interdisciplinary Project
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influencing the study. To ensure th
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ANALYSIS The introduction of new co
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to be combined; this integration ac
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On receiving the information that a
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4.1.4 SPS-SCS delivery system This
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Aster Servers - How to make Aster m
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Another approach we have tested as
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information available on the web. W
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Project Based Learning - Global Vil
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http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/SDG/Softwa
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Web. It is tailored to the needs of
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Views of the Solar System - http://
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Gatherers and Brokers. The Gatherer
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(Uniform Resource Locators) are pre
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References Figure 6: Document Displ
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The RealAudio (http://www.realaudio
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For educators, this combination of
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The practical components of this pr
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typologize communication and media
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egistration pattern (in the reverse
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the Internet, in terms of informati
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Fig. 10: 3-dimensional pattern matr
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structure of the courses adheres to
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applications manage chat sessions,
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6. Evaluation Figure 4: Example
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Introduction Windows to the Univers
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Figure 1: The main navigation panel
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Our Planet Interior & Surface Atmos
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I. Introduction What is a browser?
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(1) [Baggett, Ehrenfeucht, & Guzdia
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Node display. In addition to enforc
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On-demand Multi-lingual Font Servic
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One of the advantages by using Java
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The directory can be an alias defin
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Real Audiences—Worldwide: A Case
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outstandingly successful authors re
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usually jumps over the keyboard --
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Introduction Web Conceptual Space R
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conceptual knowledge processing, kn
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and the 'Top' view for all applicat
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An Information Broker for Adaptive
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the worst case, we can make a rough
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These simple parameters significant
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[Weider 96] Weider, C. , Fullton, J
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experiments, listen to sound, run l
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The administration and management s
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Educational packages: the current i
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Embedded Interactive Concept Maps i
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eading and understanding informal c
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Every Smart Ideas document has a de
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and used an index into the HTML doc
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Introduction Building Internet-Base
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comments from others or newly assig
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Figure 3: Author profile Conclusion
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The major features are: Figure 1 Me
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Figure 3 FrameMaker requirements do
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5 Conclusions This article has pres
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On-the-Fly Web Pages Minus the HTML
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Scannell, Ted (1996). Steve Jobs In
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originator. Thus, the collaborative
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preferences, circumstances and task
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development concerns the previously
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Abstract: Aspects of Large World Wi
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Structuring data The unstructured a
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say on a LAN with a hypermedia serv
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Halasz, 1988 Halasz, F. (1988). Ref
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One of the CNES' goals is to make s
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Archived Files Start Time 1 End Tim
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HELP-EXCHANGE: An Arbitrated System
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Since the Help-Exchange system is e
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system avoids spamming since the qu
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From a Set of Technical Documents t
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“The machine that would perform t
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In the case of the link with commen
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[Glushko 89] Glushko, R. (1989). De
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• SWOOP [Hunter et al. 95] provid
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also planned for implementing this
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storage structures already establis
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Every S-collection (instance) has a
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do not map S-collections onto a glo
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The operator JOIN is applied to a c
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Internet India Suzanne McMahon Univ
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published in Bombay, includes shopp
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INDIA-E@INDNET.BGSU.EDU Economic Fo
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Instructional Materials The first c
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Reminder Robot For the Q&A section
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[Wusage 1994] Cold Spring Harbor La
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succeed, is also social in origin,
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Other ships may also appear on the
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An Intelligent Tutoring System on t
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Figure 1. Viewer Control Mechanism
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input and clickable map as the ways
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Designing Digital Libraries for Pos
Page 405 and 406: Layer HOSS allows an open set of st
Page 407 and 408: contradictory to produce a well-def
Page 409 and 410: [Chartier 1994] Chartier, R. (1994)
Page 411 and 412: much of the value on the Net “wil
Page 413 and 414: did nothing but slow down processin
Page 415 and 416: Bundling has been studied extensive
Page 417 and 418: The software industry relies on dif
Page 419 and 420: that is not accepted by society exi
Page 421 and 422: [Richardson & Radner 1996] Richards
Page 423 and 424: European Economic Area agreement. S
Page 425 and 426: Figure 2: Components of the learnin
Page 427 and 428: 5. Concluding Remarks Figure 4: The
Page 429 and 430: A Distance Education How-To Manual:
Page 431 and 432: usually required. This can take pla
Page 433 and 434: piece, or of the whole piece. A CD
Page 435 and 436: Indexes, Keys: these tables define
Page 437 and 438: following, we discuss basic types o
Page 439 and 440: long: in the music database, the co
Page 441 and 442: The MARBLE 1 Project: A Collaborati
Page 443 and 444: available, as described above, help
Page 445 and 446: Feedback and Analysis Fig 2: Extrac
Page 447 and 448: Open Net and the Australian On-Line
Page 449 and 450: speeds, download times, changing br
Page 451 and 452: our audience, fall into one of the
Page 453 and 454: server change. When we had our own
Page 455: Structuring and classification of d
Page 459 and 460: 5 Current Electronic Publications W
Page 461 and 462: WebGrid: Knowledge Elicitation and
Page 463 and 464: annotation form shown in Figure 2 t
Page 465 and 466: Figure 4 WebGrid form for rating el
Page 467 and 468: Figure 7 Main status screen of WebG
Page 469 and 470: As a final element, the realtor has
Page 471 and 472: WebGrid provides many additional fa
Page 473 and 474: Media, Multimedia and Meaningful La
Page 475 and 476: One question which arises in a disc
Page 477 and 478: about the medium. In studies in whi
Page 479 and 480: Schwerin advocates mediation as “
Page 481 and 482: The wider implications of this perc
Page 483 and 484: Internet, that quality may be seen
Page 485 and 486: The most frequently discussed probl
Page 487 and 488: 3.2 Developer viewpoint A MicroWeb
Page 489 and 490: We anticipate that the complete Mic
Page 491 and 492: Database for employment information
Page 493 and 494: Figure 1 System Structure Figure 2
Page 495 and 496: Figure 5(b) Results of Searching
Page 497 and 498: ClassNet is a CGI-Script running un
Page 499 and 500: Current Uses Dr. Doug Yarger at Iow
Page 501 and 502: Introduction Modelling Alter Egos i
Page 503 and 504: Let us further suppose that the cyb
Page 505 and 506: • NEC to indicate that the action
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for example impossible to define an
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[vdRiet 95] R.P. van de Riet, A. Ju
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or "anchors." The anchors are stori
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Figure 1: Excerpt from SMART WWWeb
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there is less dissolved oxygen in t
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CS20 will provide students with new
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EPIC : Building a Structured Learni
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expects. The EPIC exercises are emb
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interactive courses around Scotland
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This paper begins by briefly survey
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must supply such information, the s
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Building the collection The lowest
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size is bounded by the size of a st
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the choice should be. It may be tha
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Introduction Supporting Provision a
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A visual resource base comprises a
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• Web browser: It performs the se
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POSTER / DEMONSTRATION
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integration of presentations create
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Science Technology Entry Program: I
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ID Comm: Building a Virtual Communi
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Preservice Teacher Education and th
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Un Meurtre a Cinet (Un homicidio en
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The Human Brain: A Frames-based Ima
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Collaborative Learning/Teaching on
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SHORT PAPERS
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system look for email from the mail
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Converting a Large Introductory Cou
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Bringing Instructional Design Princ
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Watermarking for the HyperWave Hype
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Impact of the Introduction of Web-B
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Owen, J.M. (1993). Program Evaluati
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(d) Low cost to students (e) Easier
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Introduction Robots And The Web: An
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Figure 2. BargainBot Search Results
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Conclusions and Future Work Figure
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Introduction Active Messaging in Ja
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Acknowledgments The authors would l
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The effective development of web-ba
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telecollaboration. This work aims t
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Introduction Internet for Teachers:
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Creating Educational Webmasters: Cy
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Acknowledgments I would like to tha
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The College of Human Ecology, which
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The screen dumps below show a large
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can also open and close levels of t
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Venice and Vienna, iconographic col
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Introduction: Cyberschool - Singapo
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1. Overview US Information Superhig
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Collaborative Design: A Cognitive A
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A Web Based Decision Support System
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addition to participating in teache
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communication between students, bet
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• Exploring Libraries introduces
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Design for Web-Based Learning Phili
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The effin factor concerns the appea
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Introduction The Web is not a Distr
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WEB-EDD: Electronic Document Delive
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Walker, G. L. & Thoma, G. R. (1995)
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3. Evaluation of Link Annotation fo
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Based on the needs addressed above,
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The Presentational use of the inter
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named-thing2(thing-type (parameters
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Integrating the use of the Web into
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linking within the web page is also
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Providing Medical Education Resourc
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logons by PPP/home access, Informat
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indeed create considerable turbulen
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Introduction Homeland: An Integrate
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[Frega and Volpentesta 94] Frega N.
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Summary: Our culture often thinks o
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Implementing Engineering Education
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Reorganised by the Web: Bringing th
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content providers--collaborative te
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Table 1: Sample items from the BEM
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Health Care Information on the Web:
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Abstract Shame and War Revisited Ad
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left to do? Style sheets don't let
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In this case, the Los Alamos Nation
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Differing Cultures: Bringing Minds
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Web of Thought: Ways to Make the Wo
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On Teaching and Collaborative Devel
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I.- History Distance Education on D
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But there is much more to this pict
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in Treemaps. In contrast, the Docuv
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Figure 2: Webview The Webview is us
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Figure 3: Intradocument View showin
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Using a WWW Server to Access and Ma
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W3Client Figure 1 : The Co-Learn WW
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Avoiding Vendor Lock-in: An Open Ap
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Web Courses for Northern B.C.: Virt
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Harvesting the Internet: Creating a
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School Participation in the Co-Deve
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a basic framework for adopting tech
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COMMUNITY WEB PROJECTS TO SUPPORT H
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Overview: Automatically Generated W
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Introduction Computer Aided Informa
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[Bloomfield 1994] Bloomfield, H. (1
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A Generic Learning Platform: From t
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etween Moscow and Western Europe, S
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Creating A Presence On The World Wi
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References [Hill 1993] Hill, Terry
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many of the students likewise had f
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DeRose, Steven and Durand, David, M
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{1} http://www.gfz-potsdam.de/drz/g
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significantly different. Analysis f
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3. The Web Based Solution Most CBT
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A Virtual Campus on the World Wide
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A unified NBCC-wide (and hopefully
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Start Your Search Engines! Authenti
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Observations on Web-Based Course De
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espond to at least four other discu
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examples of the many good discussio
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instructor intervention (to prevent
Page 737 and 738:
Using the World Wide Web To Creativ
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In summary, the goals of the PTK ar
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like SGMLS or SP [Clark 95]. The WW
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All relevant information and links
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Introducation A Virtual Classroom i
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Introduction Put Your Experience on
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Domeshek, E.A. & Kolodner, J.L. 199
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• provide IP address • provide
Page 753 and 754:
Incorporating World Wide Web techno
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1 Introduction Non-Invasive Improve
Page 757 and 758:
The first author acknowledges CNPq
Page 759 and 760:
order to make the students feel tha
Page 761 and 762:
World Band: K-12 Music Education on
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PITS (Populated Information Terrain
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The big central landmark VRML Some
Page 767 and 768:
SEEWeb - An Internet Solution Steve
Page 769 and 770:
Archive.edu: A Storehouse of Classr
Page 771 and 772:
[O’Haver 1995] O’Haver, M. (199
Page 773 and 774:
Module Three The third module explo
Page 775 and 776:
The development of a new journal ne
Page 777 and 778:
Implementation The tool is a Web-ba
Page 779 and 780:
Providing Real Time Instruction on
Page 781 and 782:
first was a single free text field
Page 783 and 784:
the project as contributors of stud
Page 785 and 786:
knowledge-acquisition have to be ac
Page 787 and 788:
instead of contributing a lengthy r
Page 789 and 790:
1. Introduction WWW3D: A 3D Multi-U
Page 791 and 792:
6. Summary In this paper we have de
Page 793 and 794:
collaborative programs. At the same
Page 795 and 796:
and continued challenges of the pas
Page 797 and 798:
In order to cater for the this latt
Page 799 and 800:
Some lectures have pre-lecture assi
Page 801 and 802:
Some Issues. T. of Japanese Society
Page 803 and 804:
MENTOR: Internet Search Advisor and
Page 805 and 806:
acquisition to be followed.- Repres
Page 807 and 808:
Web in order to supplement the main
Page 809 and 810:
When installed at the user end, stu
Page 811 and 812:
These and other lessons learned hav
Page 813 and 814:
some other details about the enviro
Page 815 and 816:
Interactive Teaching Material for t
Page 817 and 818:
The applet is organised around two
Page 819 and 820:
esult, the new search queries not o
Page 821 and 822:
Introduction Distant Education Mate
Page 823 and 824:
Information. The Internet resources
Page 825 and 826:
1 Introduction The Virtual Universi
Page 827 and 828:
on-line, an audio and/or video conn
Page 829 and 830:
Finally, if you are preparing lesso
Page 831 and 832:
The user accessing the database (at
Page 833 and 834:
Figure 2: The HTML page of Esther,
Page 835 and 836:
PANEL
Page 837 and 838:
TUTORIALS
Page 839 and 840:
Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1
Page 841 and 842:
specifications like the Initial Gra
Page 843 and 844:
Low end digital cameras do not at a
Page 845 and 846:
To display images correctly the gam
Page 847 and 848:
• PCD: Photo Compact Disc. Kodak.
Page 849 and 850:
3.1 Database Types There are differ
Page 851 and 852:
There are a lot of (hierarchical) k
Page 853 and 854:
the user. The drawback of dynamic c
Page 855 and 856:
types. These are used to restrict t
Page 857 and 858:
-18-
Page 859 and 860:
If you would like to modify the app
Page 861 and 862:
4.4 Database versus Information Ret
Page 863 and 864:
HARVEST [29,30] is a more complicat
Page 865 and 866:
• Access speed: 10% with 9,6 Kbit
Page 867 and 868:
17. Proceedings of the 3rd Internat
Page 869:
50. Poynton CA. Frequently Asked Qu
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