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Professional Electronic Publishing in Hyper-G The Next Generation Publishing Solution on the Web Klaus Schmaranz (Graz University of Technology, Austria kschmar@iicm.tu-graz.ac.at) Abstract: The first part of the paper identifies disadvantages of first generation Web publishing solutions that have to be overcome for professional publication providers. Using Hyper-G for distribution of electronic documents opens the way to the first fully integrated professional publishing solution on the Web. User and group access rights as well as billing mechanisms are integrated in the server, links are bidirectional and annotations to existing documents are possible without changing the documents' contents. Hyperlinks are supported in arbitrary document types besides hypertext which opens the way to new publishing paradigms beyond the paper based approach. Naturally a rich set of structure and search mechanisms is provided. On this basis a set of tools has been developed that supports electronic refereeing, automatic hyperlink creation, glossary links and table of contents generation nearly fully automatically. All the data prepared on a Hyper-G server can then simply be exported to CD-ROM without any additional effort which allows hybrid Web/CD-ROM publications. 1 Motivation Electronic publishing is today one of the booming branches on the Web. Web surfers will find lots of electronic paperware on their ride through the servers. However most of the Web sites that serve electronic publications are run by universities and only a few are operated by publishing companies on an evaluation basis free of charge. Having a closer look at the way electronic publishing is done today one will mostly find HTML or PDF documents that are very similar to their paper based counterparts. Often a search engine is provided to make location of interesting papers easier, all other benefits of doing publishing electronically are mostly neglected. For the reader of electronic publications nearly no value is added compared to paper based articles. Worse than that - considering HTML documents the possibility to do high quality printouts for archival purposes is lost. This is surely not enough to make electronic publishing on the Web a success. Distributing electronic documents on the Web is considered to be cheaper than publishing on paper [see Odlyzko 95], additionally turnaround time from submission of an article to the final published version is considered to be significantly shorter than for paper based publications. As experience with J.UCS [see Section 5] shows, this is certainly not true for high quality publications that are refereed. In this case refereeing, corrections by the authors and resubmission are the most time consuming parts of document preparation. Once the paper is ready for publication hyperlinks have to be inserted in the electronic version, which is in first generation systems still done by hand because appropriate tools are missing. Both refereeing and hyperlink creation can be speeded up when using the right tools as can be seen later. Hyperlinks in first generation Web systems are represented by URLs (Uniform Resource Locators) [see Berners-Lee 94] that are unidirectional and embedded in documents. This approach implies that links can easily point to nowhere (the ``this document has disappeared syndrome''). Using URNs (Uniform Resource Names) instead of URLs is the solution to this problem. URNs do not longer point to the physical location of a document on a server but add another level of indirection by defining unique location independent names for documents. Embedding hyperlinks in documents has the disadvantage that only document formats designed to be hyperlinkable allow navigation through cyberspace as is the case with HTML. Unfortunately a lot of formats used for different document types were designed long before anybody knew about the Web. This includes all image formats like TIFF, GIF, JPEG, [see Murray 94], it also includes all video formats such as MPEG as well as one of the most widespread formats for professional publishing: PostScript [see Adobe 90]. The way out of this dilemma is to have a separate link database and consider links to be overlays. This automatically makes all document formats hyperlinkable because documents and links are handled separately.
Structuring and classification of documents in standard first generation Web servers has to be hand-coded using HTML documents. For this reason poor structure and no document classification is provided on most servers because it is too much work. This makes navigation rather difficult [see Andrews 95], because after a having followed a few hyperlinks the readers no longer know where they are (the ``lost in hyperspace'' syndrome). Once a reader has found an interesting paper it is absolutely necessary to immediately store a bookmark. If the way to the paper was longer than e.g. 3 mouseclicks it is nearly impossible to remember the way the next time it is needed. One of the really severe problems of electronic publishing today is the lack of accounting and billing mechanisms as well as user access rights [see Maurer 94]. For this reason electronic publications on the Web are mostly free of charge which is not in the sense of publishing companies. Very often it would be interesting for server operators to have statistical information on a user session basis to be able to follow users on their way through a server and optimize their offer. As an example one could find out that 60% of the readers from overseas are leaving the server after having followed 4 hyperlinks. Having a closer look it could come out that the document after the 4th hyperlink contains a huge inline image that is inacceptable for an overseas data transmission and that this document has to be changed. 2 Hyper-G as a Basis for Electronic Publishing All the problems and difficulties mentioned above have lead to the development of a Web server with a completely new underlying concept compared to first generation Web systems: Hyper-G [Maurer 96]. Hyper-G now allows it to really do professional electronic publishing on the Web and to enter a new era of electronic publications in terms of usability and content. Up to now electronic publishing was either done on the Web or on CD-ROM basis. Using Hyper-G one can do hybrid Web and CD-ROM publication without additional effort as has been successfully proven over the last two years with J.UCS, the Journal of Universal Computer Science by Springer Pub. Co. [see Maurer 94]. The only thing publishers have to do to produce a CD-ROM is to prepare the data on a Hyper-G server and then export the whole collection tree or parts of it. The kernel of the Hyper-G server is an object-oriented distributed network database with a separate link database. Information structure as well as document meta information are a basic part of the concept [see Kappe 91]. This makes it possible to present the user a seamless world-wide structured information space across server boundaries. Document meta information such as author, title, keywords, creation date, modification date as well as expiry date and many more support the Web surfer in getting as much information as possible. Naturally document meta information is searchable as well as fulltext search can be performed. The scope of searches is user definable and can be one small part of one server or even the whole content of all servers worldwide in one single operation. Even when doing searches on multiple servers it is not necessary to know about the server addresses. More than that: meta information cannot only be applied to documents but also to hyperlinks! This means that links can have types, such as annotation links, inline links, also version links for documents where multiple versions exist and many more. Hyper-G servers do not only provide read access but also write access is possible. Read and write access to documents are controlled on a user and group access right basis and billing is integrated in the server. This concept opens completely new perspectives of electronic publishing: having the hyperlinks in a separate link database makes every document hyperlinkable even when the document format does not allow links [see Maurer 96]. All links in Hyper-G are bidirectional, making it possible to not only follow the links pointing from one document to another but also to see links referencing a document and follow them in reverse direction. Being able to examine the neighbourhood of a paper makes it possible to find other interesting papers on the same topic that very likely are difficult if not impossible to locate if only unidirectional links were possible as is the case with first generation Web servers. Hyperlinks in arbitrary document types such as PostScript, images, movies, 3D scenes and even sound make navigation in hyperspace easy and a structured hierarchical view of the database with location feedback helps overcoming the ``lost in hyperspace'' syndrom.
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Proceedings of WebNet 96— WebNet
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FULL PAPERS BRIAN BEVIRT Designing
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THIERRY LEVOIR & REMI BASTIDE SADS:
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MASAYASU AOTANI Distance education
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IAIN LANGDON Education for Changing
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PANELS M J MCALISTER, P COMER & MIS
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Designing Hypertext Navigation Tool
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Organize the Contents of Your Site
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multiple hierarchy charts have to b
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Developing Structured WWW-Sites wit
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Links refer to Templates. From the
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typing tool, which on the one hand
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and implement commercial Web-sites.
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constraints. It is important to rem
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A three-rowed "desktop" was used as
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All assignments were tracked, and s
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Figure 5: Student Information Toolb
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positive values to the course: 1. F
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2. Problem Areas We have identified
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in our system is quite large, and p
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map information for display into th
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- whether these new applications co
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4.3. The Production Phase The produ
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Requests 2500000 2000000 1500000 10
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information systems. Since late 199
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QuestWriter, which will be availabl
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Figure 1: Typical Study Approaches
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Figure 2: Feedback Loop for Questio
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educational Web page design. We hav
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Identifying and Meeting Needs of In
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Two new forms-driven templates, one
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What We Learned About Coaching Web
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Introduction The WWW as a Primary S
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Processing the Order Once users hav
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documentation, report a problem to
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VRML and the Web: A Basis for Multi
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Plate 2: Three users represented by
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Figure 2: Interfae components to ex
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Avatar Distribution Figure 3: Avata
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Introduction Tracking WWW Users: Ex
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etween subsequent requests, and an
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server not to cache that object. Ho
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[Benford et al. 1996] Benford, S.D.
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Published on the Web from the WebNe
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current state of knowledge represen
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Figure 1: Textook and Glossary wind
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Part of this work is supported by a
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Database 2. Review of Related Work
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Display Password Screen Check User
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Recently, Java has changed the way
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To meet our requirements, we have o
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Using the WebSM the creation of a q
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store its result in a variable, usi
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Table of Contents Executive Summary
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Chapter One: The Web Marketplace Gr
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4) Advertising Subsidy growing dram
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effectiveness of the ad with any on
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3) Server Performance The Web commu
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Chapter Three: Andromedia’s Aria
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3) Distributed Design Although Obje
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Aria.monitor is comprehensive with
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The Aria.recorder is also capable o
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is being used to create real-time r
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The Reporter user interface provide
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Aria.reporter takes advantage of th
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Introduction Automating Hypermedia
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Figure 3: 2: Add Course Graphic Cre
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Longevity of the HTML Course Creato
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Methodological Issues in Studying a
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4. Complexity of User Interaction:
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automatically, in a reliable and pe
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web users (i.e., scrolling list of
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the NSF EXPRES project. In [Galeghe
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Astronomy and Space Science Relevan
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surface of Pluto - assembled throug
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The Web as Process Tool and Product
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collaboratively produced report abo
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In the AIT course, key satisfaction
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Explorations: the Cornell Theory Ce
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version of Netscape 2.0 (Netscape w
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from video tape) and compromised on
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Designing a Course on the WEB : the
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charge of a training institute, we
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Another way of supporting "point to
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References [Derycke and D’Halluin
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like SGMLS or SP [Clark 95]. The WW
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MRTSpace is based on MRT, a Minimal
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2.3 Geometric and visual ‘continu
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IP Multicast messages do not work o
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came into common use. A number of e
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probably to human culture as a whol
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3D Visualization of WWW Semantic Co
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2.1 Extracting and Organizing WWW S
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mantic space comes from exploring r
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Introduction Interactive Justice Th
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presented by both public prosecutor
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A different communication mode allo
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Convergence to the Information High
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over 9 million at the beginning of
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unreliable electronic components co
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in an integrated model which has th
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Crane, D. (1972). Invisible College
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discourse does not mean that it is
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Figure 2 Communities within the lay
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The major services classified are:-
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Spears, R. and Lea, M. (1994). Pana
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presents relevant items to the user
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ProFusion's main process creates mu
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Managing Interdisciplinary Project
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influencing the study. To ensure th
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ANALYSIS The introduction of new co
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to be combined; this integration ac
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On receiving the information that a
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4.1.4 SPS-SCS delivery system This
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Aster Servers - How to make Aster m
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Another approach we have tested as
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information available on the web. W
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Project Based Learning - Global Vil
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http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/SDG/Softwa
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Web. It is tailored to the needs of
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Views of the Solar System - http://
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Gatherers and Brokers. The Gatherer
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(Uniform Resource Locators) are pre
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References Figure 6: Document Displ
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The RealAudio (http://www.realaudio
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For educators, this combination of
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The practical components of this pr
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typologize communication and media
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egistration pattern (in the reverse
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the Internet, in terms of informati
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Fig. 10: 3-dimensional pattern matr
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structure of the courses adheres to
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applications manage chat sessions,
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6. Evaluation Figure 4: Example
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Introduction Windows to the Univers
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Figure 1: The main navigation panel
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Our Planet Interior & Surface Atmos
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I. Introduction What is a browser?
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(1) [Baggett, Ehrenfeucht, & Guzdia
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Node display. In addition to enforc
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On-demand Multi-lingual Font Servic
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One of the advantages by using Java
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The directory can be an alias defin
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Real Audiences—Worldwide: A Case
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outstandingly successful authors re
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usually jumps over the keyboard --
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Introduction Web Conceptual Space R
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conceptual knowledge processing, kn
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and the 'Top' view for all applicat
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An Information Broker for Adaptive
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the worst case, we can make a rough
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These simple parameters significant
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[Weider 96] Weider, C. , Fullton, J
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experiments, listen to sound, run l
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The administration and management s
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Educational packages: the current i
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Embedded Interactive Concept Maps i
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eading and understanding informal c
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Every Smart Ideas document has a de
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and used an index into the HTML doc
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Introduction Building Internet-Base
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comments from others or newly assig
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Figure 3: Author profile Conclusion
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The major features are: Figure 1 Me
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Figure 3 FrameMaker requirements do
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5 Conclusions This article has pres
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On-the-Fly Web Pages Minus the HTML
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Scannell, Ted (1996). Steve Jobs In
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originator. Thus, the collaborative
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preferences, circumstances and task
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development concerns the previously
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Abstract: Aspects of Large World Wi
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Structuring data The unstructured a
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say on a LAN with a hypermedia serv
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Halasz, 1988 Halasz, F. (1988). Ref
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One of the CNES' goals is to make s
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Archived Files Start Time 1 End Tim
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HELP-EXCHANGE: An Arbitrated System
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Since the Help-Exchange system is e
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system avoids spamming since the qu
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From a Set of Technical Documents t
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“The machine that would perform t
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In the case of the link with commen
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[Glushko 89] Glushko, R. (1989). De
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• SWOOP [Hunter et al. 95] provid
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also planned for implementing this
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storage structures already establis
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Every S-collection (instance) has a
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do not map S-collections onto a glo
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The operator JOIN is applied to a c
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Internet India Suzanne McMahon Univ
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published in Bombay, includes shopp
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INDIA-E@INDNET.BGSU.EDU Economic Fo
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Instructional Materials The first c
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Reminder Robot For the Q&A section
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[Wusage 1994] Cold Spring Harbor La
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succeed, is also social in origin,
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Other ships may also appear on the
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An Intelligent Tutoring System on t
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Figure 1. Viewer Control Mechanism
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input and clickable map as the ways
Page 403 and 404: Designing Digital Libraries for Pos
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Page 407 and 408: contradictory to produce a well-def
Page 409 and 410: [Chartier 1994] Chartier, R. (1994)
Page 411 and 412: much of the value on the Net “wil
Page 413 and 414: did nothing but slow down processin
Page 415 and 416: Bundling has been studied extensive
Page 417 and 418: The software industry relies on dif
Page 419 and 420: that is not accepted by society exi
Page 421 and 422: [Richardson & Radner 1996] Richards
Page 423 and 424: European Economic Area agreement. S
Page 425 and 426: Figure 2: Components of the learnin
Page 427 and 428: 5. Concluding Remarks Figure 4: The
Page 429 and 430: A Distance Education How-To Manual:
Page 431 and 432: usually required. This can take pla
Page 433 and 434: piece, or of the whole piece. A CD
Page 435 and 436: Indexes, Keys: these tables define
Page 437 and 438: following, we discuss basic types o
Page 439 and 440: long: in the music database, the co
Page 441 and 442: The MARBLE 1 Project: A Collaborati
Page 443 and 444: available, as described above, help
Page 445 and 446: Feedback and Analysis Fig 2: Extrac
Page 447 and 448: Open Net and the Australian On-Line
Page 449 and 450: speeds, download times, changing br
Page 451 and 452: our audience, fall into one of the
Page 453: server change. When we had our own
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Page 459 and 460: 5 Current Electronic Publications W
Page 461 and 462: WebGrid: Knowledge Elicitation and
Page 463 and 464: annotation form shown in Figure 2 t
Page 465 and 466: Figure 4 WebGrid form for rating el
Page 467 and 468: Figure 7 Main status screen of WebG
Page 469 and 470: As a final element, the realtor has
Page 471 and 472: WebGrid provides many additional fa
Page 473 and 474: Media, Multimedia and Meaningful La
Page 475 and 476: One question which arises in a disc
Page 477 and 478: about the medium. In studies in whi
Page 479 and 480: Schwerin advocates mediation as “
Page 481 and 482: The wider implications of this perc
Page 483 and 484: Internet, that quality may be seen
Page 485 and 486: The most frequently discussed probl
Page 487 and 488: 3.2 Developer viewpoint A MicroWeb
Page 489 and 490: We anticipate that the complete Mic
Page 491 and 492: Database for employment information
Page 493 and 494: Figure 1 System Structure Figure 2
Page 495 and 496: Figure 5(b) Results of Searching
Page 497 and 498: ClassNet is a CGI-Script running un
Page 499 and 500: Current Uses Dr. Doug Yarger at Iow
Page 501 and 502: Introduction Modelling Alter Egos i
Page 503 and 504: Let us further suppose that the cyb
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• NEC to indicate that the action
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for example impossible to define an
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[vdRiet 95] R.P. van de Riet, A. Ju
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or "anchors." The anchors are stori
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Figure 1: Excerpt from SMART WWWeb
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there is less dissolved oxygen in t
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CS20 will provide students with new
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EPIC : Building a Structured Learni
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expects. The EPIC exercises are emb
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interactive courses around Scotland
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This paper begins by briefly survey
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must supply such information, the s
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Building the collection The lowest
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size is bounded by the size of a st
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the choice should be. It may be tha
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Introduction Supporting Provision a
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A visual resource base comprises a
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• Web browser: It performs the se
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POSTER / DEMONSTRATION
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integration of presentations create
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Science Technology Entry Program: I
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ID Comm: Building a Virtual Communi
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Preservice Teacher Education and th
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Un Meurtre a Cinet (Un homicidio en
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The Human Brain: A Frames-based Ima
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Collaborative Learning/Teaching on
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SHORT PAPERS
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system look for email from the mail
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Converting a Large Introductory Cou
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Bringing Instructional Design Princ
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Watermarking for the HyperWave Hype
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Impact of the Introduction of Web-B
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Owen, J.M. (1993). Program Evaluati
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(d) Low cost to students (e) Easier
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Introduction Robots And The Web: An
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Figure 2. BargainBot Search Results
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Conclusions and Future Work Figure
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Introduction Active Messaging in Ja
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Acknowledgments The authors would l
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The effective development of web-ba
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telecollaboration. This work aims t
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Introduction Internet for Teachers:
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Creating Educational Webmasters: Cy
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Acknowledgments I would like to tha
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The College of Human Ecology, which
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The screen dumps below show a large
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can also open and close levels of t
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Venice and Vienna, iconographic col
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Introduction: Cyberschool - Singapo
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1. Overview US Information Superhig
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Collaborative Design: A Cognitive A
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A Web Based Decision Support System
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addition to participating in teache
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communication between students, bet
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• Exploring Libraries introduces
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Design for Web-Based Learning Phili
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The effin factor concerns the appea
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Introduction The Web is not a Distr
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WEB-EDD: Electronic Document Delive
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Walker, G. L. & Thoma, G. R. (1995)
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3. Evaluation of Link Annotation fo
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Based on the needs addressed above,
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The Presentational use of the inter
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named-thing2(thing-type (parameters
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Integrating the use of the Web into
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linking within the web page is also
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Providing Medical Education Resourc
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logons by PPP/home access, Informat
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indeed create considerable turbulen
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Introduction Homeland: An Integrate
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[Frega and Volpentesta 94] Frega N.
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Summary: Our culture often thinks o
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Implementing Engineering Education
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Reorganised by the Web: Bringing th
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content providers--collaborative te
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Table 1: Sample items from the BEM
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Health Care Information on the Web:
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Abstract Shame and War Revisited Ad
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left to do? Style sheets don't let
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In this case, the Los Alamos Nation
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Differing Cultures: Bringing Minds
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Web of Thought: Ways to Make the Wo
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On Teaching and Collaborative Devel
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I.- History Distance Education on D
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But there is much more to this pict
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in Treemaps. In contrast, the Docuv
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Figure 2: Webview The Webview is us
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Figure 3: Intradocument View showin
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Using a WWW Server to Access and Ma
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W3Client Figure 1 : The Co-Learn WW
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Avoiding Vendor Lock-in: An Open Ap
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Web Courses for Northern B.C.: Virt
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Harvesting the Internet: Creating a
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School Participation in the Co-Deve
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a basic framework for adopting tech
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COMMUNITY WEB PROJECTS TO SUPPORT H
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Overview: Automatically Generated W
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Introduction Computer Aided Informa
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[Bloomfield 1994] Bloomfield, H. (1
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A Generic Learning Platform: From t
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etween Moscow and Western Europe, S
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Creating A Presence On The World Wi
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References [Hill 1993] Hill, Terry
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many of the students likewise had f
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DeRose, Steven and Durand, David, M
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{1} http://www.gfz-potsdam.de/drz/g
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significantly different. Analysis f
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3. The Web Based Solution Most CBT
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A Virtual Campus on the World Wide
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A unified NBCC-wide (and hopefully
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Start Your Search Engines! Authenti
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Observations on Web-Based Course De
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espond to at least four other discu
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examples of the many good discussio
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instructor intervention (to prevent
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Using the World Wide Web To Creativ
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In summary, the goals of the PTK ar
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like SGMLS or SP [Clark 95]. The WW
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All relevant information and links
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Introducation A Virtual Classroom i
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Introduction Put Your Experience on
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Domeshek, E.A. & Kolodner, J.L. 199
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• provide IP address • provide
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Incorporating World Wide Web techno
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1 Introduction Non-Invasive Improve
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The first author acknowledges CNPq
Page 759 and 760:
order to make the students feel tha
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World Band: K-12 Music Education on
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PITS (Populated Information Terrain
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The big central landmark VRML Some
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SEEWeb - An Internet Solution Steve
Page 769 and 770:
Archive.edu: A Storehouse of Classr
Page 771 and 772:
[O’Haver 1995] O’Haver, M. (199
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Module Three The third module explo
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The development of a new journal ne
Page 777 and 778:
Implementation The tool is a Web-ba
Page 779 and 780:
Providing Real Time Instruction on
Page 781 and 782:
first was a single free text field
Page 783 and 784:
the project as contributors of stud
Page 785 and 786:
knowledge-acquisition have to be ac
Page 787 and 788:
instead of contributing a lengthy r
Page 789 and 790:
1. Introduction WWW3D: A 3D Multi-U
Page 791 and 792:
6. Summary In this paper we have de
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collaborative programs. At the same
Page 795 and 796:
and continued challenges of the pas
Page 797 and 798:
In order to cater for the this latt
Page 799 and 800:
Some lectures have pre-lecture assi
Page 801 and 802:
Some Issues. T. of Japanese Society
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MENTOR: Internet Search Advisor and
Page 805 and 806:
acquisition to be followed.- Repres
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Web in order to supplement the main
Page 809 and 810:
When installed at the user end, stu
Page 811 and 812:
These and other lessons learned hav
Page 813 and 814:
some other details about the enviro
Page 815 and 816:
Interactive Teaching Material for t
Page 817 and 818:
The applet is organised around two
Page 819 and 820:
esult, the new search queries not o
Page 821 and 822:
Introduction Distant Education Mate
Page 823 and 824:
Information. The Internet resources
Page 825 and 826:
1 Introduction The Virtual Universi
Page 827 and 828:
on-line, an audio and/or video conn
Page 829 and 830:
Finally, if you are preparing lesso
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The user accessing the database (at
Page 833 and 834:
Figure 2: The HTML page of Esther,
Page 835 and 836:
PANEL
Page 837 and 838:
TUTORIALS
Page 839 and 840:
Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1
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specifications like the Initial Gra
Page 843 and 844:
Low end digital cameras do not at a
Page 845 and 846:
To display images correctly the gam
Page 847 and 848:
• PCD: Photo Compact Disc. Kodak.
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3.1 Database Types There are differ
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There are a lot of (hierarchical) k
Page 853 and 854:
the user. The drawback of dynamic c
Page 855 and 856:
types. These are used to restrict t
Page 857 and 858:
-18-
Page 859 and 860:
If you would like to modify the app
Page 861 and 862:
4.4 Database versus Information Ret
Page 863 and 864:
HARVEST [29,30] is a more complicat
Page 865 and 866:
• Access speed: 10% with 9,6 Kbit
Page 867 and 868:
17. Proceedings of the 3rd Internat
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50. Poynton CA. Frequently Asked Qu
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