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simply busy with other things. Since the user posing the question expects a response in a reasonable amount of time, a reminder is sent to the expert after one time-out and if there is still no response after a second time-out, the question is referred to another expert. If there is no other expert available in the current taxonomy, the question will be posted to the Unsolved Mysteries, a special category described below. Of course, the reminder email messages cannot be retrieved and this may be momentarily confusing to an expert. This problem will hopefully be solved with better integration of email and the web browsers, but is outside the scope of this project. In addition, the system is self-purging in that each user signs up for a specific period of time. When that time is nearly elapsed, the user is sent an email message prompting them to refresh their account. A reasonable amount of time is allowed for them to do so and if no response is received, the account is deleted. A user, of course, may initiate a new account at any time, but any accrued question/answer credit balance is lost. Archive The basic concept of a FAQ archive is useful as long as a reasonable mechanism is provided to assure privacy. In the Help-Exchange system, both the person posing the question and the expert answering the question have to agree to retain their dialog in the archive. At each stage in the dialog, each person may elect to grant permission to archive the question and answer. This continues into the follow-up question and answer and both have to agree to archive the entire dialog. If both agree, the dialog is retained for that topic in the taxonomy. Subsequent users may browse the archive if they wish before posing a new question. In addition, a user may elect to obtain a copy of the dialog via email for their personal use independent of whether or not the dialog is archived. Unsolved Mysteries Occasionally a question may be asked that is not answered by any expert. If an expert to whom the question has been assigned cannot determine how to reclassify the question and if all experts in that category have been exhausted, the question is posted to "Unsolved Mysteries." Any expert may elect to answer a question in this category and receive bonus credit to ask an additional question. This mechanism serves as a last attempt to provide an answer to any question which could not be otherwise answered. Quality Issues There are clearly an abundance of quality issues related to use of the Help-Exchange system. Since the experts are self-proclaimed, the answers can only be as good as any individual expert's opinion. The assumption of good will does not assure quality. A supposed expert may be well-intentioned, but still give bad advice. Newsgroups, by contrast, are somewhat self-correcting in this sense since anyone monitoring the dialog (and one cannot help but monitor the dialog if one is a member of a newsgroup) can correct advice that is in error. We do not see an easy solution to this problem (see Future Direction below). The user can, of course, resubmit the question if unsatisfied with the answer including the follow-up dialog. It is likely that the question would then go to another expert, but even that cannot be guaranteed. In its present form, the user of the system can only assume that the answer cannot be guaranteed to be correct and, if really critical, should be independently verified. Still, we assume that users of this system will act responsibly, not only in answering questions, but also in accepting the validity of the answer given the source. Security Issues A much more serious question is raised involving malicious mischief. At least initially, the system assumes responsible behavior by its users. Consequently, few security issues have been considered apart from restricting access to the system. Newsgroups and other similar systems are susceptible to "spamming" which is the use of malicious or abusive language which can disrupt or even destroy a system that is unprepared for it. The corresponding waves of protest from innocent recipients of the messages can cause many users to unsubscribe from the group in frustration with the volume of unproductive messages. The Help-Exchange
system avoids spamming since the question or answer dialog only involves two people. At any point, any user may complain to the administrator and if a user is clearly abusing the system, they can lose their account privileges. This is thin protection against a determined prankster, but the cascading effect in newsgroups or other similar systems is avoided. Once again, the emphasis is on simple and workable solutions in contrast to what would be required to build a bullet-proof system. Test Results The Help-Exchange system has been through two levels of testing so far. After an initial demonstration at the 1995 TCAD Symposium [Losleben & Boning 95], a two week alpha test was performed in late Aug. 1995 with a group of approximately 15 volunteers. The alpha test uncovered a number of design flaws and suggestions for improvements. In addition to the bugs one expects to uncover in testing with real users, a number of useful suggestions were made by the alpha testers. The taxonomy design was completely reworked to allow selective navigation of large taxonomies. Question redirection by an expert was added, as was the Unsolved Mysteries, Follow-up Questions, better navigation aids and the Archive. The most serious bugs had to do with the unique constraints that the web interface imposes on the system design. In particular, web browsers retain state in the form of previously visited pages. Since we rely on the data base at the server side, it is easy for stale pages at the client side to be in conflict with the state of the data base. Unless carefully designed, this produces an awkward or even corrupted interface with the database. Subsequent to these changes, a longer beta test was undertaken in the Fall and Winter quarters with a larger group of about 30 users at Stanford and MIT. This was the first attempt to satisfy a real need for assistance between users. Overall the beta test ran smoothly and a few improvements were incorporated to make the interface more intuitive and to eliminate aspects of the interface which were error-prone for inexperienced users. More error testing and handling was added and an administrator interface was added to assist in that function. A surprising result of the beta test was the number of new options which were suggested. Many of the users of the system wanted more flexibility in use of the economic model. For example, some would be willing to "pay" more for faster service or to send a question to more than one expert. These suggestions are being considered in balance with our desire to build a simple system. At this time, a second beta test is planned to begin in Apr. 1996 and is expected to involve about 400 users. Subsequent to that, the system will be made available to a much larger research and education community. Future Direction Two major enhancements to the system are being considered. First, in consideration of quality issues, we plan to add a special class of user who is copied on all correspondence within a category of the taxonomy. This is specifically to address a potential application to customer support systems where an individual is assigned the responsibility for monitoring correspondence and correcting problems. This brings the Help-Exchange application closer to systems that support user groups, yet still keeps the volume of traffic down to a minimum for most users. The most challenging future direction involves the conversion of the system from a centralized system (presently implemented at Stanford) to a distributed system for which independent taxonomies might be developed at other sites, possibly reflecting the unique areas of expertise at those sites. The objective would be to allow a user seeking information to follow a hyperlink to another taxonomy at another site. This presents two problems, one fairly simple, the other distressingly difficult. First, there would have to be some mechanism for exchange of barter value between sites. There is similar work that is well developed for real monetary systems that the implementation of this is not expected to be difficult. The harder problem is found in accommodating what would certainly be dissimilar taxonomies. One could not expect to enforce a common ordering discipline for taxonomies across a wide range of knowledge domains, or even common ordering disciplines for the same domain developed independently at different sites. For the World Wide Web, an absence of organization is expected, but the implication of a taxonomic organization where that is not likely to happen between sites might be quite confusing. The research for the summer of 1996 is focused on this problem.
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Proceedings of WebNet 96— WebNet
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FULL PAPERS BRIAN BEVIRT Designing
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THIERRY LEVOIR & REMI BASTIDE SADS:
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MASAYASU AOTANI Distance education
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IAIN LANGDON Education for Changing
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PANELS M J MCALISTER, P COMER & MIS
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Designing Hypertext Navigation Tool
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Organize the Contents of Your Site
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multiple hierarchy charts have to b
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Developing Structured WWW-Sites wit
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Links refer to Templates. From the
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typing tool, which on the one hand
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and implement commercial Web-sites.
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constraints. It is important to rem
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A three-rowed "desktop" was used as
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All assignments were tracked, and s
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Figure 5: Student Information Toolb
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positive values to the course: 1. F
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2. Problem Areas We have identified
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in our system is quite large, and p
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map information for display into th
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- whether these new applications co
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4.3. The Production Phase The produ
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Requests 2500000 2000000 1500000 10
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information systems. Since late 199
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QuestWriter, which will be availabl
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Figure 1: Typical Study Approaches
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Figure 2: Feedback Loop for Questio
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educational Web page design. We hav
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Identifying and Meeting Needs of In
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Two new forms-driven templates, one
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What We Learned About Coaching Web
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Introduction The WWW as a Primary S
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Processing the Order Once users hav
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documentation, report a problem to
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VRML and the Web: A Basis for Multi
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Plate 2: Three users represented by
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Figure 2: Interfae components to ex
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Avatar Distribution Figure 3: Avata
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Introduction Tracking WWW Users: Ex
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etween subsequent requests, and an
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server not to cache that object. Ho
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[Benford et al. 1996] Benford, S.D.
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Published on the Web from the WebNe
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current state of knowledge represen
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Figure 1: Textook and Glossary wind
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Part of this work is supported by a
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Database 2. Review of Related Work
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Display Password Screen Check User
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Recently, Java has changed the way
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To meet our requirements, we have o
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Using the WebSM the creation of a q
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store its result in a variable, usi
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Table of Contents Executive Summary
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Chapter One: The Web Marketplace Gr
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4) Advertising Subsidy growing dram
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effectiveness of the ad with any on
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3) Server Performance The Web commu
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Chapter Three: Andromedia’s Aria
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3) Distributed Design Although Obje
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Aria.monitor is comprehensive with
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The Aria.recorder is also capable o
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is being used to create real-time r
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The Reporter user interface provide
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Aria.reporter takes advantage of th
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Introduction Automating Hypermedia
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Figure 3: 2: Add Course Graphic Cre
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Longevity of the HTML Course Creato
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Methodological Issues in Studying a
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4. Complexity of User Interaction:
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automatically, in a reliable and pe
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web users (i.e., scrolling list of
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the NSF EXPRES project. In [Galeghe
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Astronomy and Space Science Relevan
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surface of Pluto - assembled throug
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The Web as Process Tool and Product
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collaboratively produced report abo
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In the AIT course, key satisfaction
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Explorations: the Cornell Theory Ce
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version of Netscape 2.0 (Netscape w
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from video tape) and compromised on
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Designing a Course on the WEB : the
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charge of a training institute, we
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Another way of supporting "point to
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References [Derycke and D’Halluin
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like SGMLS or SP [Clark 95]. The WW
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MRTSpace is based on MRT, a Minimal
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2.3 Geometric and visual ‘continu
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IP Multicast messages do not work o
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came into common use. A number of e
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probably to human culture as a whol
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3D Visualization of WWW Semantic Co
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2.1 Extracting and Organizing WWW S
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mantic space comes from exploring r
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Introduction Interactive Justice Th
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presented by both public prosecutor
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A different communication mode allo
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Convergence to the Information High
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over 9 million at the beginning of
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unreliable electronic components co
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in an integrated model which has th
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Crane, D. (1972). Invisible College
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discourse does not mean that it is
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Figure 2 Communities within the lay
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The major services classified are:-
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Spears, R. and Lea, M. (1994). Pana
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presents relevant items to the user
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ProFusion's main process creates mu
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Managing Interdisciplinary Project
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influencing the study. To ensure th
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ANALYSIS The introduction of new co
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to be combined; this integration ac
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On receiving the information that a
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4.1.4 SPS-SCS delivery system This
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Aster Servers - How to make Aster m
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Another approach we have tested as
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information available on the web. W
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Project Based Learning - Global Vil
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http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/SDG/Softwa
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Web. It is tailored to the needs of
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Views of the Solar System - http://
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Gatherers and Brokers. The Gatherer
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(Uniform Resource Locators) are pre
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References Figure 6: Document Displ
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The RealAudio (http://www.realaudio
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For educators, this combination of
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The practical components of this pr
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typologize communication and media
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egistration pattern (in the reverse
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the Internet, in terms of informati
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Fig. 10: 3-dimensional pattern matr
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structure of the courses adheres to
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applications manage chat sessions,
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6. Evaluation Figure 4: Example
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Introduction Windows to the Univers
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Figure 1: The main navigation panel
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Our Planet Interior & Surface Atmos
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I. Introduction What is a browser?
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(1) [Baggett, Ehrenfeucht, & Guzdia
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Node display. In addition to enforc
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On-demand Multi-lingual Font Servic
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One of the advantages by using Java
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The directory can be an alias defin
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Real Audiences—Worldwide: A Case
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outstandingly successful authors re
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usually jumps over the keyboard --
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Introduction Web Conceptual Space R
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conceptual knowledge processing, kn
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and the 'Top' view for all applicat
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An Information Broker for Adaptive
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the worst case, we can make a rough
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These simple parameters significant
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[Weider 96] Weider, C. , Fullton, J
Page 307 and 308: experiments, listen to sound, run l
Page 309 and 310: The administration and management s
Page 311 and 312: Educational packages: the current i
Page 313 and 314: Embedded Interactive Concept Maps i
Page 315 and 316: eading and understanding informal c
Page 317 and 318: Every Smart Ideas document has a de
Page 319 and 320: and used an index into the HTML doc
Page 321 and 322: Introduction Building Internet-Base
Page 323 and 324: comments from others or newly assig
Page 325 and 326: Figure 3: Author profile Conclusion
Page 327 and 328: The major features are: Figure 1 Me
Page 329 and 330: Figure 3 FrameMaker requirements do
Page 331 and 332: 5 Conclusions This article has pres
Page 333 and 334: On-the-Fly Web Pages Minus the HTML
Page 335 and 336: Scannell, Ted (1996). Steve Jobs In
Page 337 and 338: originator. Thus, the collaborative
Page 339 and 340: preferences, circumstances and task
Page 341 and 342: development concerns the previously
Page 343 and 344: Abstract: Aspects of Large World Wi
Page 345 and 346: Structuring data The unstructured a
Page 347 and 348: say on a LAN with a hypermedia serv
Page 349 and 350: Halasz, 1988 Halasz, F. (1988). Ref
Page 351 and 352: One of the CNES' goals is to make s
Page 353 and 354: Archived Files Start Time 1 End Tim
Page 355 and 356: HELP-EXCHANGE: An Arbitrated System
Page 357: Since the Help-Exchange system is e
Page 361 and 362: From a Set of Technical Documents t
Page 363 and 364: “The machine that would perform t
Page 365 and 366: In the case of the link with commen
Page 367 and 368: [Glushko 89] Glushko, R. (1989). De
Page 369 and 370: • SWOOP [Hunter et al. 95] provid
Page 371 and 372: also planned for implementing this
Page 373 and 374: storage structures already establis
Page 375 and 376: Every S-collection (instance) has a
Page 377 and 378: do not map S-collections onto a glo
Page 379 and 380: The operator JOIN is applied to a c
Page 381 and 382: Internet India Suzanne McMahon Univ
Page 383 and 384: published in Bombay, includes shopp
Page 385 and 386: INDIA-E@INDNET.BGSU.EDU Economic Fo
Page 387 and 388: Instructional Materials The first c
Page 389 and 390: Reminder Robot For the Q&A section
Page 391 and 392: [Wusage 1994] Cold Spring Harbor La
Page 393 and 394: succeed, is also social in origin,
Page 395 and 396: Other ships may also appear on the
Page 397 and 398: An Intelligent Tutoring System on t
Page 399 and 400: Figure 1. Viewer Control Mechanism
Page 401 and 402: input and clickable map as the ways
Page 403 and 404: Designing Digital Libraries for Pos
Page 405 and 406: Layer HOSS allows an open set of st
Page 407 and 408: contradictory to produce a well-def
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[Chartier 1994] Chartier, R. (1994)
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much of the value on the Net “wil
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did nothing but slow down processin
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Bundling has been studied extensive
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The software industry relies on dif
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that is not accepted by society exi
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[Richardson & Radner 1996] Richards
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European Economic Area agreement. S
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Figure 2: Components of the learnin
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5. Concluding Remarks Figure 4: The
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A Distance Education How-To Manual:
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usually required. This can take pla
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piece, or of the whole piece. A CD
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Indexes, Keys: these tables define
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following, we discuss basic types o
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long: in the music database, the co
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The MARBLE 1 Project: A Collaborati
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available, as described above, help
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Feedback and Analysis Fig 2: Extrac
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Open Net and the Australian On-Line
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speeds, download times, changing br
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our audience, fall into one of the
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server change. When we had our own
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Structuring and classification of d
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would not have the rights to change
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5 Current Electronic Publications W
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WebGrid: Knowledge Elicitation and
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annotation form shown in Figure 2 t
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Figure 4 WebGrid form for rating el
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Figure 7 Main status screen of WebG
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As a final element, the realtor has
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WebGrid provides many additional fa
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Media, Multimedia and Meaningful La
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One question which arises in a disc
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about the medium. In studies in whi
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Schwerin advocates mediation as “
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The wider implications of this perc
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Internet, that quality may be seen
Page 485 and 486:
The most frequently discussed probl
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3.2 Developer viewpoint A MicroWeb
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We anticipate that the complete Mic
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Database for employment information
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Figure 1 System Structure Figure 2
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Figure 5(b) Results of Searching
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ClassNet is a CGI-Script running un
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Current Uses Dr. Doug Yarger at Iow
Page 501 and 502:
Introduction Modelling Alter Egos i
Page 503 and 504:
Let us further suppose that the cyb
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• NEC to indicate that the action
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for example impossible to define an
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[vdRiet 95] R.P. van de Riet, A. Ju
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or "anchors." The anchors are stori
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Figure 1: Excerpt from SMART WWWeb
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there is less dissolved oxygen in t
Page 517 and 518:
CS20 will provide students with new
Page 519 and 520:
EPIC : Building a Structured Learni
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expects. The EPIC exercises are emb
Page 523 and 524:
interactive courses around Scotland
Page 525 and 526:
This paper begins by briefly survey
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must supply such information, the s
Page 529 and 530:
Building the collection The lowest
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size is bounded by the size of a st
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the choice should be. It may be tha
Page 535 and 536:
Introduction Supporting Provision a
Page 537 and 538:
A visual resource base comprises a
Page 539 and 540:
• Web browser: It performs the se
Page 541 and 542:
POSTER / DEMONSTRATION
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integration of presentations create
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Science Technology Entry Program: I
Page 547 and 548:
ID Comm: Building a Virtual Communi
Page 549 and 550:
Preservice Teacher Education and th
Page 551 and 552:
Un Meurtre a Cinet (Un homicidio en
Page 553 and 554:
The Human Brain: A Frames-based Ima
Page 555 and 556:
Collaborative Learning/Teaching on
Page 557 and 558:
SHORT PAPERS
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system look for email from the mail
Page 561 and 562:
Converting a Large Introductory Cou
Page 563 and 564:
Bringing Instructional Design Princ
Page 565 and 566:
Watermarking for the HyperWave Hype
Page 567 and 568:
Impact of the Introduction of Web-B
Page 569 and 570:
Owen, J.M. (1993). Program Evaluati
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(d) Low cost to students (e) Easier
Page 573 and 574:
Introduction Robots And The Web: An
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Figure 2. BargainBot Search Results
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Conclusions and Future Work Figure
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Introduction Active Messaging in Ja
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Acknowledgments The authors would l
Page 583 and 584:
The effective development of web-ba
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telecollaboration. This work aims t
Page 587 and 588:
Introduction Internet for Teachers:
Page 589 and 590:
Creating Educational Webmasters: Cy
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Acknowledgments I would like to tha
Page 593 and 594:
The College of Human Ecology, which
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The screen dumps below show a large
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can also open and close levels of t
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Venice and Vienna, iconographic col
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Introduction: Cyberschool - Singapo
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1. Overview US Information Superhig
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Collaborative Design: A Cognitive A
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A Web Based Decision Support System
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addition to participating in teache
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communication between students, bet
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• Exploring Libraries introduces
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Design for Web-Based Learning Phili
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The effin factor concerns the appea
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Introduction The Web is not a Distr
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WEB-EDD: Electronic Document Delive
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Walker, G. L. & Thoma, G. R. (1995)
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3. Evaluation of Link Annotation fo
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Based on the needs addressed above,
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The Presentational use of the inter
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named-thing2(thing-type (parameters
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Integrating the use of the Web into
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linking within the web page is also
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Providing Medical Education Resourc
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logons by PPP/home access, Informat
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indeed create considerable turbulen
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Introduction Homeland: An Integrate
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[Frega and Volpentesta 94] Frega N.
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Summary: Our culture often thinks o
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Implementing Engineering Education
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Reorganised by the Web: Bringing th
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content providers--collaborative te
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Table 1: Sample items from the BEM
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Health Care Information on the Web:
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Abstract Shame and War Revisited Ad
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left to do? Style sheets don't let
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In this case, the Los Alamos Nation
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Differing Cultures: Bringing Minds
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Web of Thought: Ways to Make the Wo
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On Teaching and Collaborative Devel
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I.- History Distance Education on D
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But there is much more to this pict
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in Treemaps. In contrast, the Docuv
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Figure 2: Webview The Webview is us
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Figure 3: Intradocument View showin
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Using a WWW Server to Access and Ma
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W3Client Figure 1 : The Co-Learn WW
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Avoiding Vendor Lock-in: An Open Ap
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Web Courses for Northern B.C.: Virt
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Harvesting the Internet: Creating a
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School Participation in the Co-Deve
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a basic framework for adopting tech
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COMMUNITY WEB PROJECTS TO SUPPORT H
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Overview: Automatically Generated W
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Introduction Computer Aided Informa
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[Bloomfield 1994] Bloomfield, H. (1
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A Generic Learning Platform: From t
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etween Moscow and Western Europe, S
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Creating A Presence On The World Wi
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References [Hill 1993] Hill, Terry
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many of the students likewise had f
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DeRose, Steven and Durand, David, M
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{1} http://www.gfz-potsdam.de/drz/g
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significantly different. Analysis f
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3. The Web Based Solution Most CBT
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A Virtual Campus on the World Wide
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A unified NBCC-wide (and hopefully
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Start Your Search Engines! Authenti
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Observations on Web-Based Course De
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espond to at least four other discu
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examples of the many good discussio
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instructor intervention (to prevent
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Using the World Wide Web To Creativ
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In summary, the goals of the PTK ar
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like SGMLS or SP [Clark 95]. The WW
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All relevant information and links
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Introducation A Virtual Classroom i
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Introduction Put Your Experience on
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Domeshek, E.A. & Kolodner, J.L. 199
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• provide IP address • provide
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Incorporating World Wide Web techno
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1 Introduction Non-Invasive Improve
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The first author acknowledges CNPq
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order to make the students feel tha
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World Band: K-12 Music Education on
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PITS (Populated Information Terrain
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The big central landmark VRML Some
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SEEWeb - An Internet Solution Steve
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Archive.edu: A Storehouse of Classr
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[O’Haver 1995] O’Haver, M. (199
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Module Three The third module explo
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The development of a new journal ne
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Implementation The tool is a Web-ba
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Providing Real Time Instruction on
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first was a single free text field
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the project as contributors of stud
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knowledge-acquisition have to be ac
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instead of contributing a lengthy r
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1. Introduction WWW3D: A 3D Multi-U
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6. Summary In this paper we have de
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collaborative programs. At the same
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and continued challenges of the pas
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In order to cater for the this latt
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Some lectures have pre-lecture assi
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Some Issues. T. of Japanese Society
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MENTOR: Internet Search Advisor and
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acquisition to be followed.- Repres
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Web in order to supplement the main
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When installed at the user end, stu
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These and other lessons learned hav
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some other details about the enviro
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Interactive Teaching Material for t
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The applet is organised around two
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esult, the new search queries not o
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Introduction Distant Education Mate
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Information. The Internet resources
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1 Introduction The Virtual Universi
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on-line, an audio and/or video conn
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Finally, if you are preparing lesso
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The user accessing the database (at
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Figure 2: The HTML page of Esther,
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PANEL
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TUTORIALS
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Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1
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specifications like the Initial Gra
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Low end digital cameras do not at a
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To display images correctly the gam
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• PCD: Photo Compact Disc. Kodak.
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3.1 Database Types There are differ
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There are a lot of (hierarchical) k
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the user. The drawback of dynamic c
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types. These are used to restrict t
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-18-
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If you would like to modify the app
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4.4 Database versus Information Ret
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HARVEST [29,30] is a more complicat
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• Access speed: 10% with 9,6 Kbit
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17. Proceedings of the 3rd Internat
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50. Poynton CA. Frequently Asked Qu
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