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[Rieber 1995] Rieber, L.P. (1995). A Historical Review of Visualization in Human Cognition. ETR&D, 43 (1), 45-56. [Robertson, Card and Mackinlay 1993] Robertson, G.G., Card, S.K. & Mackinlay, J.D. (1993). Information Visualization Using 3D Interactive Animation. Communications of the ACM, 36 (4), 57-71. [Schwitters 1919] Schwitters, K. (1919) Die Merzmalerie, Der Sturm, (10 (4), quotation from Dietrich, D. (1993) The Collages of Kurt Schwitters, Cambridge University Press. [Schmalenbach 1967] Schmalenbach, W. (1967). Kurt Schwitters. New York: Harry N. Abrams Inc. [Sun 1996] Sun Microsystems Inc. (1996). Java - Programming for the Internet. Sun Microsystems, Inc., 2550 Garcia Ave., Mtn. View, CA 94043-1100 USA. Http://java.sun.com [Shneiderman 1994] Shneiderman, B. (1994). Dynamic Queries for Visual Information Seeking. IEEE software, 11 (6), 70 - 77. [Tufte 1990] Tufte, E.R. (1990). Envisioning Information. Connecticut: Graphics Press. [Virtual Film Festival 1995] The Virtual Film Festival (1995). 5505 Saint- Laurent, Suite 4104, Montreal, Québec Canada H2T1S6. http://www.virtualfilm.com. [Waterworth and Chignell 1989] Waterworth, J.A. & Chignell, M.H. (1989). A Manifesto for Hypermedia Usability Research. Hypermedia, 1 (3), 205-234. [Waterworth and Chignell 1991] Waterworth, J.A. & Chignell, M.H. (1991). A Model for Information Exploration. Hypermedia, 3 (1), 35 - 57 [Wood, Drew, Beale and Hendley 1995] Wood, A., Drew, N., Beale, R. & Hendeley, B. (1995). HyperSpace: Web Browsing with Visualization. Third International WWW Conference Poster Proceedings, Darmstadt, Germany, 22 - 26. Acknowledgements Sören Lenman was working as an Invited researcher under the National Exchange Program at CITI, 1575 Boul. Chomedey, Laval, Québec, Canada H7V2X2 during this project.
Abstract: Aspects of Large World Wide Web Systems J. Lennon Department of Computer Science, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand - H. Maurer Graz University of Technology, Schießstattgasse 4a, A-8010 Graz, Austria In this paper we consider some of the challenges associated with many World Wide Web systems, particularly in their handling of large quantities of multimedia data, and ask whether we can look forward to better systems in the not too distant future. In particular, we look at various aspects of hypermedia data models including new methods for link management. Introduction The World Wide Web (WWW) must, on many counts, be rated a success: the number of servers, the number of users, the amount of hype published daily all around the world. However, in this paper we look at some of the consequences of using systems that have large numbers of unstructured nodes with considerable numbers of links [Conklin, 1987], particularly on distributed systems such as WWW [Kappe, 1995]. Although hardware related problems such as inadequate bandwidth obviously still exist, we concentrate on more fundamental data model issues, especially those associated with link structures. Internet Problems It has, however, become quite apparent that a number of fundamental changes in Internet systems are necessary if they are to continue to grow and to be used for large professional projects. We will begin by outlining just a few of the more common problems experienced by users: Dangling links. As we shall elaborate in Section 2, most of the commonly-used systems cannot guarantee any degree of referential link integrity. All too often users are faced with some form of ``file doesn't exist" message. It is particularly frustrating to discover that documents that were successfully accessed one day have disappeared the next! Loss of orientation. This well known problem of large systems is one consequence of the fact that links in many WWW systems are unidirectional, have no type, and thus cannot support users by providing location cues such as local area maps or tours. Inappropriate user interfaces. Although browsers such as Netscape are suitable for many users, and a variety of tasks, there are however notable exceptions. For example, specific interfaces need to be carefully designed for systems such as public terminal viewers where novice users need guidance so that they can find the information they want as efficiently as possible. On the other hand, experienced users also need better support. Currently, developing HTML material is often a two screen process one screen running the editing application while the other screen runs a specific browser. Difficulty in finding specific material and knowing whether the found information is the ``best" available, and whether there is more of interest. Difficulty of gaining an overview of the material. In the face of problems such as these, many new features for the next generation of hypermedia systems are needed, six of which are discussed here in detail. Link Management Although in many respects link management is the crux of hypermedia system design it is, unfortunately, the weakest
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Proceedings of WebNet 96— WebNet
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FULL PAPERS BRIAN BEVIRT Designing
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THIERRY LEVOIR & REMI BASTIDE SADS:
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MASAYASU AOTANI Distance education
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IAIN LANGDON Education for Changing
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PANELS M J MCALISTER, P COMER & MIS
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Designing Hypertext Navigation Tool
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Organize the Contents of Your Site
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multiple hierarchy charts have to b
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Developing Structured WWW-Sites wit
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Links refer to Templates. From the
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typing tool, which on the one hand
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and implement commercial Web-sites.
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constraints. It is important to rem
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A three-rowed "desktop" was used as
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All assignments were tracked, and s
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Figure 5: Student Information Toolb
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positive values to the course: 1. F
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2. Problem Areas We have identified
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in our system is quite large, and p
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map information for display into th
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- whether these new applications co
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4.3. The Production Phase The produ
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Requests 2500000 2000000 1500000 10
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information systems. Since late 199
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QuestWriter, which will be availabl
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Figure 1: Typical Study Approaches
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Figure 2: Feedback Loop for Questio
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educational Web page design. We hav
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Identifying and Meeting Needs of In
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Two new forms-driven templates, one
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What We Learned About Coaching Web
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Introduction The WWW as a Primary S
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Processing the Order Once users hav
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documentation, report a problem to
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VRML and the Web: A Basis for Multi
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Plate 2: Three users represented by
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Figure 2: Interfae components to ex
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Avatar Distribution Figure 3: Avata
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Introduction Tracking WWW Users: Ex
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etween subsequent requests, and an
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server not to cache that object. Ho
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[Benford et al. 1996] Benford, S.D.
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Published on the Web from the WebNe
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current state of knowledge represen
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Figure 1: Textook and Glossary wind
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Part of this work is supported by a
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Database 2. Review of Related Work
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Display Password Screen Check User
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Recently, Java has changed the way
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To meet our requirements, we have o
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Using the WebSM the creation of a q
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store its result in a variable, usi
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Table of Contents Executive Summary
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Chapter One: The Web Marketplace Gr
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4) Advertising Subsidy growing dram
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effectiveness of the ad with any on
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3) Server Performance The Web commu
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Chapter Three: Andromedia’s Aria
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3) Distributed Design Although Obje
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Aria.monitor is comprehensive with
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The Aria.recorder is also capable o
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is being used to create real-time r
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The Reporter user interface provide
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Aria.reporter takes advantage of th
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Introduction Automating Hypermedia
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Figure 3: 2: Add Course Graphic Cre
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Longevity of the HTML Course Creato
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Methodological Issues in Studying a
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4. Complexity of User Interaction:
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automatically, in a reliable and pe
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web users (i.e., scrolling list of
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the NSF EXPRES project. In [Galeghe
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Astronomy and Space Science Relevan
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surface of Pluto - assembled throug
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The Web as Process Tool and Product
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collaboratively produced report abo
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In the AIT course, key satisfaction
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Explorations: the Cornell Theory Ce
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version of Netscape 2.0 (Netscape w
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from video tape) and compromised on
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Designing a Course on the WEB : the
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charge of a training institute, we
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Another way of supporting "point to
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References [Derycke and D’Halluin
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like SGMLS or SP [Clark 95]. The WW
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MRTSpace is based on MRT, a Minimal
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2.3 Geometric and visual ‘continu
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IP Multicast messages do not work o
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came into common use. A number of e
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probably to human culture as a whol
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3D Visualization of WWW Semantic Co
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2.1 Extracting and Organizing WWW S
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mantic space comes from exploring r
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Introduction Interactive Justice Th
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presented by both public prosecutor
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A different communication mode allo
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Convergence to the Information High
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over 9 million at the beginning of
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unreliable electronic components co
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in an integrated model which has th
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Crane, D. (1972). Invisible College
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discourse does not mean that it is
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Figure 2 Communities within the lay
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The major services classified are:-
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Spears, R. and Lea, M. (1994). Pana
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presents relevant items to the user
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ProFusion's main process creates mu
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Managing Interdisciplinary Project
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influencing the study. To ensure th
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ANALYSIS The introduction of new co
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to be combined; this integration ac
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On receiving the information that a
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4.1.4 SPS-SCS delivery system This
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Aster Servers - How to make Aster m
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Another approach we have tested as
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information available on the web. W
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Project Based Learning - Global Vil
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http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/SDG/Softwa
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Web. It is tailored to the needs of
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Views of the Solar System - http://
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Gatherers and Brokers. The Gatherer
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(Uniform Resource Locators) are pre
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References Figure 6: Document Displ
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The RealAudio (http://www.realaudio
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For educators, this combination of
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The practical components of this pr
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typologize communication and media
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egistration pattern (in the reverse
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the Internet, in terms of informati
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Fig. 10: 3-dimensional pattern matr
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structure of the courses adheres to
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applications manage chat sessions,
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6. Evaluation Figure 4: Example
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Introduction Windows to the Univers
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Figure 1: The main navigation panel
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Our Planet Interior & Surface Atmos
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I. Introduction What is a browser?
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(1) [Baggett, Ehrenfeucht, & Guzdia
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Node display. In addition to enforc
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On-demand Multi-lingual Font Servic
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One of the advantages by using Java
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The directory can be an alias defin
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Real Audiences—Worldwide: A Case
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outstandingly successful authors re
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Page 293 and 294: Introduction Web Conceptual Space R
Page 295 and 296: conceptual knowledge processing, kn
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Page 299 and 300: An Information Broker for Adaptive
Page 301 and 302: the worst case, we can make a rough
Page 303 and 304: These simple parameters significant
Page 305 and 306: [Weider 96] Weider, C. , Fullton, J
Page 307 and 308: experiments, listen to sound, run l
Page 309 and 310: The administration and management s
Page 311 and 312: Educational packages: the current i
Page 313 and 314: Embedded Interactive Concept Maps i
Page 315 and 316: eading and understanding informal c
Page 317 and 318: Every Smart Ideas document has a de
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Page 321 and 322: Introduction Building Internet-Base
Page 323 and 324: comments from others or newly assig
Page 325 and 326: Figure 3: Author profile Conclusion
Page 327 and 328: The major features are: Figure 1 Me
Page 329 and 330: Figure 3 FrameMaker requirements do
Page 331 and 332: 5 Conclusions This article has pres
Page 333 and 334: On-the-Fly Web Pages Minus the HTML
Page 335 and 336: Scannell, Ted (1996). Steve Jobs In
Page 337 and 338: originator. Thus, the collaborative
Page 339 and 340: preferences, circumstances and task
Page 341: development concerns the previously
Page 345 and 346: Structuring data The unstructured a
Page 347 and 348: say on a LAN with a hypermedia serv
Page 349 and 350: Halasz, 1988 Halasz, F. (1988). Ref
Page 351 and 352: One of the CNES' goals is to make s
Page 353 and 354: Archived Files Start Time 1 End Tim
Page 355 and 356: HELP-EXCHANGE: An Arbitrated System
Page 357 and 358: Since the Help-Exchange system is e
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Page 361 and 362: From a Set of Technical Documents t
Page 363 and 364: “The machine that would perform t
Page 365 and 366: In the case of the link with commen
Page 367 and 368: [Glushko 89] Glushko, R. (1989). De
Page 369 and 370: • SWOOP [Hunter et al. 95] provid
Page 371 and 372: also planned for implementing this
Page 373 and 374: storage structures already establis
Page 375 and 376: Every S-collection (instance) has a
Page 377 and 378: do not map S-collections onto a glo
Page 379 and 380: The operator JOIN is applied to a c
Page 381 and 382: Internet India Suzanne McMahon Univ
Page 383 and 384: published in Bombay, includes shopp
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Page 387 and 388: Instructional Materials The first c
Page 389 and 390: Reminder Robot For the Q&A section
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succeed, is also social in origin,
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Other ships may also appear on the
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An Intelligent Tutoring System on t
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Figure 1. Viewer Control Mechanism
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input and clickable map as the ways
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Designing Digital Libraries for Pos
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Layer HOSS allows an open set of st
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contradictory to produce a well-def
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[Chartier 1994] Chartier, R. (1994)
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much of the value on the Net “wil
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did nothing but slow down processin
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Bundling has been studied extensive
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The software industry relies on dif
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that is not accepted by society exi
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[Richardson & Radner 1996] Richards
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European Economic Area agreement. S
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Figure 2: Components of the learnin
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5. Concluding Remarks Figure 4: The
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A Distance Education How-To Manual:
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usually required. This can take pla
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piece, or of the whole piece. A CD
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Indexes, Keys: these tables define
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following, we discuss basic types o
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long: in the music database, the co
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The MARBLE 1 Project: A Collaborati
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available, as described above, help
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Feedback and Analysis Fig 2: Extrac
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Open Net and the Australian On-Line
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speeds, download times, changing br
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our audience, fall into one of the
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server change. When we had our own
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Structuring and classification of d
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would not have the rights to change
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5 Current Electronic Publications W
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WebGrid: Knowledge Elicitation and
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annotation form shown in Figure 2 t
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Figure 4 WebGrid form for rating el
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Figure 7 Main status screen of WebG
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As a final element, the realtor has
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WebGrid provides many additional fa
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Media, Multimedia and Meaningful La
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One question which arises in a disc
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about the medium. In studies in whi
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Schwerin advocates mediation as “
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The wider implications of this perc
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Internet, that quality may be seen
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The most frequently discussed probl
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3.2 Developer viewpoint A MicroWeb
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We anticipate that the complete Mic
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Database for employment information
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Figure 1 System Structure Figure 2
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Figure 5(b) Results of Searching
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ClassNet is a CGI-Script running un
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Current Uses Dr. Doug Yarger at Iow
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Introduction Modelling Alter Egos i
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Let us further suppose that the cyb
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• NEC to indicate that the action
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for example impossible to define an
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[vdRiet 95] R.P. van de Riet, A. Ju
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or "anchors." The anchors are stori
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Figure 1: Excerpt from SMART WWWeb
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there is less dissolved oxygen in t
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CS20 will provide students with new
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EPIC : Building a Structured Learni
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expects. The EPIC exercises are emb
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interactive courses around Scotland
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This paper begins by briefly survey
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must supply such information, the s
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Building the collection The lowest
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size is bounded by the size of a st
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the choice should be. It may be tha
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Introduction Supporting Provision a
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A visual resource base comprises a
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• Web browser: It performs the se
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POSTER / DEMONSTRATION
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integration of presentations create
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Science Technology Entry Program: I
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ID Comm: Building a Virtual Communi
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Preservice Teacher Education and th
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Un Meurtre a Cinet (Un homicidio en
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The Human Brain: A Frames-based Ima
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Collaborative Learning/Teaching on
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SHORT PAPERS
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system look for email from the mail
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Converting a Large Introductory Cou
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Bringing Instructional Design Princ
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Watermarking for the HyperWave Hype
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Impact of the Introduction of Web-B
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Owen, J.M. (1993). Program Evaluati
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(d) Low cost to students (e) Easier
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Introduction Robots And The Web: An
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Figure 2. BargainBot Search Results
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Conclusions and Future Work Figure
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Introduction Active Messaging in Ja
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Acknowledgments The authors would l
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The effective development of web-ba
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telecollaboration. This work aims t
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Introduction Internet for Teachers:
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Creating Educational Webmasters: Cy
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Acknowledgments I would like to tha
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The College of Human Ecology, which
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The screen dumps below show a large
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can also open and close levels of t
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Venice and Vienna, iconographic col
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Introduction: Cyberschool - Singapo
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1. Overview US Information Superhig
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Collaborative Design: A Cognitive A
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A Web Based Decision Support System
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addition to participating in teache
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communication between students, bet
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• Exploring Libraries introduces
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Design for Web-Based Learning Phili
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The effin factor concerns the appea
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Introduction The Web is not a Distr
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WEB-EDD: Electronic Document Delive
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Walker, G. L. & Thoma, G. R. (1995)
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3. Evaluation of Link Annotation fo
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Based on the needs addressed above,
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The Presentational use of the inter
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named-thing2(thing-type (parameters
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Integrating the use of the Web into
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linking within the web page is also
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Providing Medical Education Resourc
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logons by PPP/home access, Informat
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indeed create considerable turbulen
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Introduction Homeland: An Integrate
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[Frega and Volpentesta 94] Frega N.
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Summary: Our culture often thinks o
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Implementing Engineering Education
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Reorganised by the Web: Bringing th
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content providers--collaborative te
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Table 1: Sample items from the BEM
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Health Care Information on the Web:
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Abstract Shame and War Revisited Ad
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left to do? Style sheets don't let
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In this case, the Los Alamos Nation
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Differing Cultures: Bringing Minds
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Web of Thought: Ways to Make the Wo
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On Teaching and Collaborative Devel
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I.- History Distance Education on D
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But there is much more to this pict
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in Treemaps. In contrast, the Docuv
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Figure 2: Webview The Webview is us
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Figure 3: Intradocument View showin
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Using a WWW Server to Access and Ma
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W3Client Figure 1 : The Co-Learn WW
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Avoiding Vendor Lock-in: An Open Ap
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Web Courses for Northern B.C.: Virt
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Harvesting the Internet: Creating a
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School Participation in the Co-Deve
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a basic framework for adopting tech
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COMMUNITY WEB PROJECTS TO SUPPORT H
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Overview: Automatically Generated W
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Introduction Computer Aided Informa
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[Bloomfield 1994] Bloomfield, H. (1
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A Generic Learning Platform: From t
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etween Moscow and Western Europe, S
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Creating A Presence On The World Wi
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References [Hill 1993] Hill, Terry
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many of the students likewise had f
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DeRose, Steven and Durand, David, M
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{1} http://www.gfz-potsdam.de/drz/g
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significantly different. Analysis f
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3. The Web Based Solution Most CBT
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A Virtual Campus on the World Wide
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A unified NBCC-wide (and hopefully
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Start Your Search Engines! Authenti
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Observations on Web-Based Course De
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espond to at least four other discu
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examples of the many good discussio
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instructor intervention (to prevent
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Using the World Wide Web To Creativ
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In summary, the goals of the PTK ar
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like SGMLS or SP [Clark 95]. The WW
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All relevant information and links
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Introducation A Virtual Classroom i
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Introduction Put Your Experience on
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Domeshek, E.A. & Kolodner, J.L. 199
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• provide IP address • provide
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Incorporating World Wide Web techno
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1 Introduction Non-Invasive Improve
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The first author acknowledges CNPq
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order to make the students feel tha
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World Band: K-12 Music Education on
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PITS (Populated Information Terrain
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The big central landmark VRML Some
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SEEWeb - An Internet Solution Steve
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Archive.edu: A Storehouse of Classr
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[O’Haver 1995] O’Haver, M. (199
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Module Three The third module explo
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The development of a new journal ne
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Implementation The tool is a Web-ba
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Providing Real Time Instruction on
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first was a single free text field
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the project as contributors of stud
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knowledge-acquisition have to be ac
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instead of contributing a lengthy r
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1. Introduction WWW3D: A 3D Multi-U
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6. Summary In this paper we have de
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collaborative programs. At the same
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and continued challenges of the pas
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In order to cater for the this latt
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Some lectures have pre-lecture assi
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Some Issues. T. of Japanese Society
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MENTOR: Internet Search Advisor and
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acquisition to be followed.- Repres
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Web in order to supplement the main
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When installed at the user end, stu
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These and other lessons learned hav
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some other details about the enviro
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Interactive Teaching Material for t
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The applet is organised around two
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esult, the new search queries not o
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Introduction Distant Education Mate
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Information. The Internet resources
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1 Introduction The Virtual Universi
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on-line, an audio and/or video conn
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Finally, if you are preparing lesso
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The user accessing the database (at
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Figure 2: The HTML page of Esther,
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PANEL
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TUTORIALS
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Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1
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specifications like the Initial Gra
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Low end digital cameras do not at a
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To display images correctly the gam
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• PCD: Photo Compact Disc. Kodak.
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3.1 Database Types There are differ
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There are a lot of (hierarchical) k
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the user. The drawback of dynamic c
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types. These are used to restrict t
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-18-
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If you would like to modify the app
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4.4 Database versus Information Ret
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HARVEST [29,30] is a more complicat
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• Access speed: 10% with 9,6 Kbit
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17. Proceedings of the 3rd Internat
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50. Poynton CA. Frequently Asked Qu
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