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Concurrent Manufacturing on the Web Andrew Z. Lapsley, Brian R. Gaines and Douglas H. Norrie Knowledge Science Institute and Division of Manufacturing Engineering University of Calgary Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4 drewl@insource.com, gaines@cpsc.ucalgary.ca, norrie@enme.ucalgary.ca http://ksi.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/KSI/ Abstract: This article presents a system for the concurrent support of the manufacturing life cycle in a distributed enterprise. The World Wide Web is used as a knowledge transport mechanism to access distributed sites and data files, and the Netscape browser application is used as a file and data serving agent on the Web. A client helper has been implemented to provide a visual language interface to the Web, called XConMap, which allows users to dynamically link concept nodes in a concept map editor to Internet sites and files. In supporting and linking the data sets presented, the system is shown to be flexible and extensible through its open architecture, and is demonstrated working with existing application software and protocols. 1 Introduction 2 Mediator Architecture 3 Managing the Manufacturing Life Cycle with Mediator 5 Conclusions References 1 Introduction Concurrent engineering (CE) is a philosophy and methodology of considerable interest in the manufacturing engineering community (Kusiak, 1993). Concurrent engineering, also referred to as simultaneous or parallel engineering, is a process which attempts to incorporate various life cycle decisions in the design of a product from the earliest stages onward. These stages include, but are not limited to, manufacturing, assembly, and maintenance. Knowledge based methods are increasingly used in order to ensure that all design changes and implementations are cohesive and complementary, and can be implemented with minimal effect on other stages of design and manufacture. As the modern industrial environment moves towards a post mass-production paradigm (Tomiyama, 1992) issues like product maintainability and manufacturability become increasingly important. This importance is mainly in terms of achieving high levels of efficiency and marketability. Product cycle times and development times must be shortened and these activities made more efficient. In order to achieve the design goals of the concurrent engineering philosophy, several disparate groups and systems must be able to work together on a product, sometimes with competing goals, and almost always with highly diverse backgrounds. If concurrent engineering practices are to succeed, methods of knowledge representation and knowledge sharing must be applied to effectively utilize these human, technical and informational resources. One approach to managing the information load and communication issues in a concurrent engineering endeavor is Mediator (Gaines, Norrie and Lapsley, 1995), developed as in the GNOSIS Consortium in the international Intelligent Manufacturing Systems (IMS) research program (Gaines and Norrie, 1995). Mediator is an open architecture information and knowledge management system designed to provide a flexible technology to support the management of complex distributed activities. It has been applied to supporting manufacturing activities throughout the product life cycle (Gaines et al., 1995), and to distributed education through the learning web (Norrie and Gaines, 1995). Mediator was originally implemented using custom software on local area networks. This article describes Mediator1, an implementation on the World Wide Web supporting international collaboration in distributed concurrent manufacturing. 2 Mediator Architecture Figure 1 shows the original Mediator architecture (Gaines and Norrie, 1994) on the left and the web implementation on the right.
The major features are: Figure 1 Mediator implementation on the World Wide Web User Interface: At the center of the Mediator architecture is a user interface based on an interactive visual language tool supporting active concept maps (Gaines and Shaw, 1995a). This user interface, XConMap, was original software developed for the purpose of this thesis. XConMap is a recursive, network aware, object oriented conceptual map editor and browser which is the interface to Mediator1, and the only stand-alone piece of applications software created for this implementation. Applications: Interaction with Mediator1 occurs predominantly through pre-existing applications software. In the design and creation of Mediator1, the use of as much pre-existing software as possible was a design goal, due to the intended use of Mediator1 by industrial as well as academic partners within the IMS consortium. To satisfy the design objective of utilizing as much pre-existing software as possible, software packages were chosen that operated on multiple platforms, had data sets that were transferable across platforms and could be manipulated by the web. In Mediator1, this architectural aspect is supported by the following list of applications: XConMap--XConMap has the dual role of acting as the user interface as well as acting as a supporting member application. When a user accesses an XConMap file, (or a concept map file from another platform) the XConMap editing environment is automatically loaded and the data viewed within it. This is the reason that the application XConMap is referred to as recursive, because it can load, through a node, a concept map and all of its constituent Internet links. Netscape--Netscape, beside helping to fulfill some of the communication protocols of the lower levels of the Mediator architecture, also acts as a supporting application allowing the display of multimedia files. AutoCAD--AutoCAD files are stored throughout the Internet and linked to by the nodes in XConMap. When the links are followed the AutoCAD data is served by the process and communication layer of Mediator, and the AutoCAD application is launched to allow the user to interface with the accessed data. AutoSolid--In much the same manner as AutoCAD, links to AutoSolid files across the Internet are maintained by the XConMap interface, and when these links are followed, Mediator serves the data to the interface on the desktop by launching an AutoSolid modeling instantiation for the user to interact with the accessed data. FrameMaker--FrameMaker data is accessed in the same manner as AutoCAD. CNC Tools--The data from existing CNC editors and applications can also be served up with an HTML interface via Netscape for display and interaction. Process Planning Software--As with the data from existing CNC editors and applications, the data from existing Process Planning software can also be served through an HTML interface via Netscape for display and
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Proceedings of WebNet 96— WebNet
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FULL PAPERS BRIAN BEVIRT Designing
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THIERRY LEVOIR & REMI BASTIDE SADS:
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MASAYASU AOTANI Distance education
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IAIN LANGDON Education for Changing
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PANELS M J MCALISTER, P COMER & MIS
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Designing Hypertext Navigation Tool
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Organize the Contents of Your Site
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multiple hierarchy charts have to b
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Developing Structured WWW-Sites wit
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Links refer to Templates. From the
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typing tool, which on the one hand
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and implement commercial Web-sites.
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constraints. It is important to rem
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A three-rowed "desktop" was used as
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All assignments were tracked, and s
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Figure 5: Student Information Toolb
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positive values to the course: 1. F
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2. Problem Areas We have identified
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in our system is quite large, and p
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map information for display into th
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- whether these new applications co
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4.3. The Production Phase The produ
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Requests 2500000 2000000 1500000 10
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information systems. Since late 199
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QuestWriter, which will be availabl
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Figure 1: Typical Study Approaches
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Figure 2: Feedback Loop for Questio
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educational Web page design. We hav
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Identifying and Meeting Needs of In
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Two new forms-driven templates, one
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What We Learned About Coaching Web
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Introduction The WWW as a Primary S
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Processing the Order Once users hav
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documentation, report a problem to
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VRML and the Web: A Basis for Multi
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Plate 2: Three users represented by
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Figure 2: Interfae components to ex
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Avatar Distribution Figure 3: Avata
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Introduction Tracking WWW Users: Ex
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etween subsequent requests, and an
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server not to cache that object. Ho
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[Benford et al. 1996] Benford, S.D.
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Published on the Web from the WebNe
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current state of knowledge represen
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Figure 1: Textook and Glossary wind
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Part of this work is supported by a
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Database 2. Review of Related Work
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Display Password Screen Check User
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Recently, Java has changed the way
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To meet our requirements, we have o
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Using the WebSM the creation of a q
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store its result in a variable, usi
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Table of Contents Executive Summary
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Chapter One: The Web Marketplace Gr
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4) Advertising Subsidy growing dram
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effectiveness of the ad with any on
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3) Server Performance The Web commu
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Chapter Three: Andromedia’s Aria
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3) Distributed Design Although Obje
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Aria.monitor is comprehensive with
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The Aria.recorder is also capable o
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is being used to create real-time r
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The Reporter user interface provide
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Aria.reporter takes advantage of th
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Introduction Automating Hypermedia
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Figure 3: 2: Add Course Graphic Cre
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Longevity of the HTML Course Creato
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Methodological Issues in Studying a
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4. Complexity of User Interaction:
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automatically, in a reliable and pe
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web users (i.e., scrolling list of
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the NSF EXPRES project. In [Galeghe
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Astronomy and Space Science Relevan
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surface of Pluto - assembled throug
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The Web as Process Tool and Product
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collaboratively produced report abo
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In the AIT course, key satisfaction
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Explorations: the Cornell Theory Ce
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version of Netscape 2.0 (Netscape w
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from video tape) and compromised on
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Designing a Course on the WEB : the
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charge of a training institute, we
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Another way of supporting "point to
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References [Derycke and D’Halluin
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like SGMLS or SP [Clark 95]. The WW
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MRTSpace is based on MRT, a Minimal
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2.3 Geometric and visual ‘continu
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IP Multicast messages do not work o
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came into common use. A number of e
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probably to human culture as a whol
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3D Visualization of WWW Semantic Co
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2.1 Extracting and Organizing WWW S
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mantic space comes from exploring r
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Introduction Interactive Justice Th
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presented by both public prosecutor
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A different communication mode allo
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Convergence to the Information High
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over 9 million at the beginning of
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unreliable electronic components co
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in an integrated model which has th
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Crane, D. (1972). Invisible College
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discourse does not mean that it is
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Figure 2 Communities within the lay
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The major services classified are:-
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Spears, R. and Lea, M. (1994). Pana
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presents relevant items to the user
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ProFusion's main process creates mu
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Managing Interdisciplinary Project
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influencing the study. To ensure th
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ANALYSIS The introduction of new co
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to be combined; this integration ac
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On receiving the information that a
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4.1.4 SPS-SCS delivery system This
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Aster Servers - How to make Aster m
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Another approach we have tested as
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information available on the web. W
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Project Based Learning - Global Vil
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http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/SDG/Softwa
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Web. It is tailored to the needs of
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Views of the Solar System - http://
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Gatherers and Brokers. The Gatherer
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(Uniform Resource Locators) are pre
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References Figure 6: Document Displ
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The RealAudio (http://www.realaudio
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For educators, this combination of
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The practical components of this pr
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typologize communication and media
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egistration pattern (in the reverse
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the Internet, in terms of informati
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Fig. 10: 3-dimensional pattern matr
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structure of the courses adheres to
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applications manage chat sessions,
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6. Evaluation Figure 4: Example
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Introduction Windows to the Univers
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Figure 1: The main navigation panel
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Our Planet Interior & Surface Atmos
Page 275 and 276: I. Introduction What is a browser?
Page 277 and 278: (1) [Baggett, Ehrenfeucht, & Guzdia
Page 279 and 280: Node display. In addition to enforc
Page 281 and 282: On-demand Multi-lingual Font Servic
Page 283 and 284: One of the advantages by using Java
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Page 287 and 288: Real Audiences—Worldwide: A Case
Page 289 and 290: outstandingly successful authors re
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Page 293 and 294: Introduction Web Conceptual Space R
Page 295 and 296: conceptual knowledge processing, kn
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Page 301 and 302: the worst case, we can make a rough
Page 303 and 304: These simple parameters significant
Page 305 and 306: [Weider 96] Weider, C. , Fullton, J
Page 307 and 308: experiments, listen to sound, run l
Page 309 and 310: The administration and management s
Page 311 and 312: Educational packages: the current i
Page 313 and 314: Embedded Interactive Concept Maps i
Page 315 and 316: eading and understanding informal c
Page 317 and 318: Every Smart Ideas document has a de
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Page 321 and 322: Introduction Building Internet-Base
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Page 325: Figure 3: Author profile Conclusion
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Page 331 and 332: 5 Conclusions This article has pres
Page 333 and 334: On-the-Fly Web Pages Minus the HTML
Page 335 and 336: Scannell, Ted (1996). Steve Jobs In
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Page 343 and 344: Abstract: Aspects of Large World Wi
Page 345 and 346: Structuring data The unstructured a
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Page 349 and 350: Halasz, 1988 Halasz, F. (1988). Ref
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Page 355 and 356: HELP-EXCHANGE: An Arbitrated System
Page 357 and 358: Since the Help-Exchange system is e
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Page 361 and 362: From a Set of Technical Documents t
Page 363 and 364: “The machine that would perform t
Page 365 and 366: In the case of the link with commen
Page 367 and 368: [Glushko 89] Glushko, R. (1989). De
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Page 373 and 374: storage structures already establis
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do not map S-collections onto a glo
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The operator JOIN is applied to a c
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Internet India Suzanne McMahon Univ
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published in Bombay, includes shopp
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INDIA-E@INDNET.BGSU.EDU Economic Fo
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Instructional Materials The first c
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Reminder Robot For the Q&A section
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[Wusage 1994] Cold Spring Harbor La
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succeed, is also social in origin,
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Other ships may also appear on the
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An Intelligent Tutoring System on t
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Figure 1. Viewer Control Mechanism
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input and clickable map as the ways
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Designing Digital Libraries for Pos
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Layer HOSS allows an open set of st
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contradictory to produce a well-def
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[Chartier 1994] Chartier, R. (1994)
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much of the value on the Net “wil
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did nothing but slow down processin
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Bundling has been studied extensive
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The software industry relies on dif
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that is not accepted by society exi
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[Richardson & Radner 1996] Richards
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European Economic Area agreement. S
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Figure 2: Components of the learnin
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5. Concluding Remarks Figure 4: The
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A Distance Education How-To Manual:
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usually required. This can take pla
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piece, or of the whole piece. A CD
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Indexes, Keys: these tables define
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following, we discuss basic types o
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long: in the music database, the co
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The MARBLE 1 Project: A Collaborati
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available, as described above, help
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Feedback and Analysis Fig 2: Extrac
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Open Net and the Australian On-Line
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speeds, download times, changing br
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our audience, fall into one of the
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server change. When we had our own
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Structuring and classification of d
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would not have the rights to change
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5 Current Electronic Publications W
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WebGrid: Knowledge Elicitation and
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annotation form shown in Figure 2 t
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Figure 4 WebGrid form for rating el
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Figure 7 Main status screen of WebG
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As a final element, the realtor has
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WebGrid provides many additional fa
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Media, Multimedia and Meaningful La
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One question which arises in a disc
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about the medium. In studies in whi
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Schwerin advocates mediation as “
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The wider implications of this perc
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Internet, that quality may be seen
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The most frequently discussed probl
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3.2 Developer viewpoint A MicroWeb
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We anticipate that the complete Mic
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Database for employment information
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Figure 1 System Structure Figure 2
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Figure 5(b) Results of Searching
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ClassNet is a CGI-Script running un
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Current Uses Dr. Doug Yarger at Iow
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Introduction Modelling Alter Egos i
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Let us further suppose that the cyb
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• NEC to indicate that the action
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for example impossible to define an
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[vdRiet 95] R.P. van de Riet, A. Ju
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or "anchors." The anchors are stori
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Figure 1: Excerpt from SMART WWWeb
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there is less dissolved oxygen in t
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CS20 will provide students with new
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EPIC : Building a Structured Learni
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expects. The EPIC exercises are emb
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interactive courses around Scotland
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This paper begins by briefly survey
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must supply such information, the s
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Building the collection The lowest
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size is bounded by the size of a st
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the choice should be. It may be tha
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Introduction Supporting Provision a
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A visual resource base comprises a
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• Web browser: It performs the se
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POSTER / DEMONSTRATION
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integration of presentations create
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Science Technology Entry Program: I
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ID Comm: Building a Virtual Communi
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Preservice Teacher Education and th
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Un Meurtre a Cinet (Un homicidio en
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The Human Brain: A Frames-based Ima
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Collaborative Learning/Teaching on
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SHORT PAPERS
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system look for email from the mail
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Converting a Large Introductory Cou
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Bringing Instructional Design Princ
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Watermarking for the HyperWave Hype
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Impact of the Introduction of Web-B
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Owen, J.M. (1993). Program Evaluati
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(d) Low cost to students (e) Easier
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Introduction Robots And The Web: An
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Figure 2. BargainBot Search Results
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Conclusions and Future Work Figure
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Introduction Active Messaging in Ja
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Acknowledgments The authors would l
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The effective development of web-ba
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telecollaboration. This work aims t
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Introduction Internet for Teachers:
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Creating Educational Webmasters: Cy
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Acknowledgments I would like to tha
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The College of Human Ecology, which
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The screen dumps below show a large
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can also open and close levels of t
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Venice and Vienna, iconographic col
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Introduction: Cyberschool - Singapo
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1. Overview US Information Superhig
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Collaborative Design: A Cognitive A
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A Web Based Decision Support System
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addition to participating in teache
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communication between students, bet
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• Exploring Libraries introduces
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Design for Web-Based Learning Phili
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The effin factor concerns the appea
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Introduction The Web is not a Distr
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WEB-EDD: Electronic Document Delive
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Walker, G. L. & Thoma, G. R. (1995)
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3. Evaluation of Link Annotation fo
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Based on the needs addressed above,
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The Presentational use of the inter
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named-thing2(thing-type (parameters
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Integrating the use of the Web into
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linking within the web page is also
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Providing Medical Education Resourc
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logons by PPP/home access, Informat
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indeed create considerable turbulen
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Introduction Homeland: An Integrate
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[Frega and Volpentesta 94] Frega N.
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Summary: Our culture often thinks o
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Implementing Engineering Education
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Reorganised by the Web: Bringing th
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content providers--collaborative te
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Table 1: Sample items from the BEM
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Health Care Information on the Web:
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Abstract Shame and War Revisited Ad
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left to do? Style sheets don't let
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In this case, the Los Alamos Nation
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Differing Cultures: Bringing Minds
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Web of Thought: Ways to Make the Wo
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On Teaching and Collaborative Devel
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I.- History Distance Education on D
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But there is much more to this pict
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in Treemaps. In contrast, the Docuv
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Figure 2: Webview The Webview is us
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Figure 3: Intradocument View showin
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Using a WWW Server to Access and Ma
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W3Client Figure 1 : The Co-Learn WW
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Avoiding Vendor Lock-in: An Open Ap
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Web Courses for Northern B.C.: Virt
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Harvesting the Internet: Creating a
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School Participation in the Co-Deve
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a basic framework for adopting tech
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COMMUNITY WEB PROJECTS TO SUPPORT H
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Overview: Automatically Generated W
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Introduction Computer Aided Informa
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[Bloomfield 1994] Bloomfield, H. (1
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A Generic Learning Platform: From t
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etween Moscow and Western Europe, S
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Creating A Presence On The World Wi
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References [Hill 1993] Hill, Terry
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many of the students likewise had f
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DeRose, Steven and Durand, David, M
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{1} http://www.gfz-potsdam.de/drz/g
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significantly different. Analysis f
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3. The Web Based Solution Most CBT
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A Virtual Campus on the World Wide
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A unified NBCC-wide (and hopefully
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Start Your Search Engines! Authenti
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Observations on Web-Based Course De
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espond to at least four other discu
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examples of the many good discussio
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instructor intervention (to prevent
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Using the World Wide Web To Creativ
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In summary, the goals of the PTK ar
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like SGMLS or SP [Clark 95]. The WW
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All relevant information and links
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Introducation A Virtual Classroom i
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Introduction Put Your Experience on
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Domeshek, E.A. & Kolodner, J.L. 199
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• provide IP address • provide
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Incorporating World Wide Web techno
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1 Introduction Non-Invasive Improve
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The first author acknowledges CNPq
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order to make the students feel tha
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World Band: K-12 Music Education on
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PITS (Populated Information Terrain
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The big central landmark VRML Some
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SEEWeb - An Internet Solution Steve
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Archive.edu: A Storehouse of Classr
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[O’Haver 1995] O’Haver, M. (199
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Module Three The third module explo
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The development of a new journal ne
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Implementation The tool is a Web-ba
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Providing Real Time Instruction on
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first was a single free text field
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the project as contributors of stud
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knowledge-acquisition have to be ac
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instead of contributing a lengthy r
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1. Introduction WWW3D: A 3D Multi-U
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6. Summary In this paper we have de
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collaborative programs. At the same
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and continued challenges of the pas
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In order to cater for the this latt
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Some lectures have pre-lecture assi
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Some Issues. T. of Japanese Society
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MENTOR: Internet Search Advisor and
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acquisition to be followed.- Repres
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Web in order to supplement the main
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When installed at the user end, stu
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These and other lessons learned hav
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some other details about the enviro
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Interactive Teaching Material for t
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The applet is organised around two
Page 819 and 820:
esult, the new search queries not o
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Introduction Distant Education Mate
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Information. The Internet resources
Page 825 and 826:
1 Introduction The Virtual Universi
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on-line, an audio and/or video conn
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Finally, if you are preparing lesso
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The user accessing the database (at
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Figure 2: The HTML page of Esther,
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PANEL
Page 837 and 838:
TUTORIALS
Page 839 and 840:
Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1
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specifications like the Initial Gra
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Low end digital cameras do not at a
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To display images correctly the gam
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• PCD: Photo Compact Disc. Kodak.
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3.1 Database Types There are differ
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There are a lot of (hierarchical) k
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the user. The drawback of dynamic c
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types. These are used to restrict t
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-18-
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If you would like to modify the app
Page 861 and 862:
4.4 Database versus Information Ret
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HARVEST [29,30] is a more complicat
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• Access speed: 10% with 9,6 Kbit
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17. Proceedings of the 3rd Internat
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50. Poynton CA. Frequently Asked Qu
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