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$(LMS\) an der Universität Freiburg - Lehrstuhl Algorithmen ...$

This tool provides the functionality needed for the author to create a multimedia presentation. The underlying data structure for a presentation is the cohesion-based graph discussed previously. Because of this, the terms "graph" and "presentation" will often be used interchangeably here. To facilitate the author's creation of a good presentation, the authoring tool provides the author with services for both constructing the underlying graph and analyzing the graph that has been built so far. With respect to graph construction, the author has three primary tasks: (1) assign the materials to be browsed to individual nodes; (2) decide on cohesive elements among the nodes; and (3) establish the order of nodes within each cohesive path. The authoring tool accommodates the author by providing this functionality. In order to assign the material to nodes, several node-level operations are available. The author may create new (initially empty) nodes and delete existing nodes. The author may also edit an existing node by editing its default text or its document references, which point to any multimedia documents associated with the node. To establish cohesive relationships, the author may add and remove nodes to and from cohesive paths corresponding to specific topics. (Because cohesive paths correspond to lists of nodes sharing a common topic in the presentation, they will often be referred to by other interchangeable names, such as "cohesive topic lists" or "topic lists." Similarly, we use the terms "topic" and "cohesive element" interchangeably.) The author may determine the order of nodes within cohesive paths by viewing the topic lists and rearranging the nodes in these lists. The author may also manipulate the graph at the topic level. The author may create and delete topics, as well as add and remove entire topic paths to and from the home node of the graph. This effectively allows the author to include or exclude entire cohesive element paths. In this way, the author may experiment with changing the presentation at the path level while still keeping unused paths around to be "attached" when needed. As for analyzing the current graph, the author may perform several operations on the graph to determine some of its properties, such as the longest cohesive path, the largest number of links to any node, or the longest or shortest path between two nodes. Some automatic checking of the current graph will also be done by the authoring tool. While constructing the presentation, all operations (e.g., adding and removing nodes and topics) will be checked by the system to ensure that the author may not manipulate the graph in such a way as to make it inconsistent with our model of a legal cohesion-based graph. 2. Browser. The product of the authoring process is a completed presentation. This presentation is input to the browser, which allows the learner to traverse the graph and browse the materials it contains. Traversal. The browser allows the learner to traverse the graph in a rather restricted way. The basic rules of traversal are as follows. A learner may: (1) move to the next node within the current active path; (2) move to the previous node within the current active path; (3) move to the next node in an intersecting path (when currently at a node belonging to multiple cohesive paths); (4) move immediately to the home node; or (5) backtrack through the most recently visited nodes. The notion of the "active path" refers to the path corresponding to the most recently selected cohesive element. When moving to the "next" or "previous" node from a node belonging to more than one path, the learner will move to the node belonging to the same topic that had been followed up to that point. Aside from jumps to home and backtracking, the learner's traversal may be summarized as follows: a learner must move one node at a time and must remain on the same cohesive path, except when at a path intersection; at an intersection, a move to the next node on any intersecting path is allowed. Note that the learner has the choice of any topic path in the presentation when at the home node. A good analogy for this type of traversal is travel along a bus route. A rider may continue on a given bus line or may transfer to another route at any stop where routes intersect. A possible advantage to this method of traversal is that the learner is not forced to make decisions about what topic to select next (except when starting at the home node). He or she may simply follow the default ("next") links through a cohesive path, although the option of leaving the path is available at intersection points. This reduction in decision making may allow for more focus on the material rather than on the traversal.
Node display. In addition to enforcing the rules of traversal, the browser is of course responsible for displaying the documents associated with each node. It is left to the author to determine what materials are included with each node, but in any node it is possible to have default text that is automatically displayed when the node is visited, as well as supplemental links to documents of many other media. These are referred to as supplemental links to distinguish them from traversal links that connect nodes. Supplemental links may be used only to access multimedia documents (e.g., play a sound file or a video clip) associated with a given node, and not to move from that node to another part of the graph. They can be thought of as extending the node. Each node will generally correspond to a one page on-screen display. Upon arriving at a node, the learner will typically see the default text for the node, the mandatory traversal buttons (Next, Previous, Home, and Back), any intersecting path transfer links (if at a node belonging to multiple cohesive paths), and any supplemental document links. Each supplemental document may have its own display page as well, which will of course provide a mechanism for returning to the default page for the node. 3. Research Facilities. The primary mechanism available for examining a learner's use of the browser during a session will be a log file in which all learner actions will be logged and time stamped. This record will allow analysis of a learner's behavior, such as the amount of time spent on certain parts of the graph and which nodes were accessed most frequently and in what order. In addition to the log file, it is possible that direct observation of browsing sessions will be used in the analysis, as well as post-session interviews with the learner. IV. Experimental parameters Some of the characteristics of the system we are developing cannot be determined without first using the system in an experimental fashion to help determine some parameters. This is particularly true of the browser, whose features and layout may significantly affect the behavior of the learner. There are also parameters associated with the actual presentations being designed that will have to be varied in order to determine what is reasonable and usable for the learner. Some examples of such parameters to be determined experimentally are: * The number of cohesive elements per node * The distribution of cohesive elements over nodes: Should some nodes act as hubs belonging to many cohesive paths? Or should there be an even distribution of topics per node? * The distribution of supplemental documents over nodes: Should many supplemental multimedia documents be linked to one node? Or should each multimedia document be on its own node? V. Research questions We are also interested in broader questions about the value of a browsing system based on cohesion for both learners and authors. For example, What are the benefits of this kind of active exploration for the learner? Will some cohesive paths be followed more frequently than others? Will the learner get lost? Will the learner find what he or she is seeking quickly and efficiently? Will the author be able to influence the user's learning by the manner in which the cohesive elements are selected and linked? References
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Proceedings of WebNet 96— WebNet
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FULL PAPERS BRIAN BEVIRT Designing
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THIERRY LEVOIR & REMI BASTIDE SADS:
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MASAYASU AOTANI Distance education
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IAIN LANGDON Education for Changing
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PANELS M J MCALISTER, P COMER & MIS
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Designing Hypertext Navigation Tool
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Organize the Contents of Your Site
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multiple hierarchy charts have to b
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Developing Structured WWW-Sites wit
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Links refer to Templates. From the
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typing tool, which on the one hand
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and implement commercial Web-sites.
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constraints. It is important to rem
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A three-rowed "desktop" was used as
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All assignments were tracked, and s
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Figure 5: Student Information Toolb
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positive values to the course: 1. F
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2. Problem Areas We have identified
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in our system is quite large, and p
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map information for display into th
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- whether these new applications co
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4.3. The Production Phase The produ
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Requests 2500000 2000000 1500000 10
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information systems. Since late 199
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QuestWriter, which will be availabl
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Figure 1: Typical Study Approaches
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Figure 2: Feedback Loop for Questio
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educational Web page design. We hav
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Identifying and Meeting Needs of In
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Two new forms-driven templates, one
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What We Learned About Coaching Web
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Introduction The WWW as a Primary S
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Processing the Order Once users hav
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documentation, report a problem to
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VRML and the Web: A Basis for Multi
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Plate 2: Three users represented by
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Figure 2: Interfae components to ex
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Avatar Distribution Figure 3: Avata
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Introduction Tracking WWW Users: Ex
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etween subsequent requests, and an
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server not to cache that object. Ho
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[Benford et al. 1996] Benford, S.D.
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Published on the Web from the WebNe
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current state of knowledge represen
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Figure 1: Textook and Glossary wind
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Part of this work is supported by a
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Database 2. Review of Related Work
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Display Password Screen Check User
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Recently, Java has changed the way
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To meet our requirements, we have o
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Using the WebSM the creation of a q
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store its result in a variable, usi
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Table of Contents Executive Summary
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Chapter One: The Web Marketplace Gr
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4) Advertising Subsidy growing dram
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effectiveness of the ad with any on
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3) Server Performance The Web commu
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Chapter Three: Andromedia’s Aria
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3) Distributed Design Although Obje
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Aria.monitor is comprehensive with
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The Aria.recorder is also capable o
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is being used to create real-time r
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The Reporter user interface provide
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Aria.reporter takes advantage of th
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Introduction Automating Hypermedia
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Figure 3: 2: Add Course Graphic Cre
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Longevity of the HTML Course Creato
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Methodological Issues in Studying a
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4. Complexity of User Interaction:
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automatically, in a reliable and pe
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web users (i.e., scrolling list of
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the NSF EXPRES project. In [Galeghe
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Astronomy and Space Science Relevan
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surface of Pluto - assembled throug
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The Web as Process Tool and Product
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collaboratively produced report abo
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In the AIT course, key satisfaction
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Explorations: the Cornell Theory Ce
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version of Netscape 2.0 (Netscape w
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from video tape) and compromised on
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Designing a Course on the WEB : the
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charge of a training institute, we
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Another way of supporting "point to
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References [Derycke and D’Halluin
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like SGMLS or SP [Clark 95]. The WW
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MRTSpace is based on MRT, a Minimal
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2.3 Geometric and visual ‘continu
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IP Multicast messages do not work o
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came into common use. A number of e
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probably to human culture as a whol
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3D Visualization of WWW Semantic Co
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2.1 Extracting and Organizing WWW S
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mantic space comes from exploring r
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Introduction Interactive Justice Th
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presented by both public prosecutor
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A different communication mode allo
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Convergence to the Information High
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over 9 million at the beginning of
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unreliable electronic components co
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in an integrated model which has th
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Crane, D. (1972). Invisible College
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discourse does not mean that it is
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Figure 2 Communities within the lay
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The major services classified are:-
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Spears, R. and Lea, M. (1994). Pana
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presents relevant items to the user
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ProFusion's main process creates mu
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Managing Interdisciplinary Project
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influencing the study. To ensure th
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ANALYSIS The introduction of new co
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to be combined; this integration ac
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On receiving the information that a
Page 227 and 228: 4.1.4 SPS-SCS delivery system This
Page 229 and 230: Aster Servers - How to make Aster m
Page 231 and 232: Another approach we have tested as
Page 233 and 234: information available on the web. W
Page 235 and 236: Project Based Learning - Global Vil
Page 237 and 238: http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/SDG/Softwa
Page 239 and 240: Web. It is tailored to the needs of
Page 241 and 242: Views of the Solar System - http://
Page 243 and 244: Gatherers and Brokers. The Gatherer
Page 245 and 246: (Uniform Resource Locators) are pre
Page 247 and 248: References Figure 6: Document Displ
Page 249 and 250: The RealAudio (http://www.realaudio
Page 251 and 252: For educators, this combination of
Page 253 and 254: The practical components of this pr
Page 255 and 256: typologize communication and media
Page 257 and 258: egistration pattern (in the reverse
Page 259 and 260: the Internet, in terms of informati
Page 261 and 262: Fig. 10: 3-dimensional pattern matr
Page 263 and 264: structure of the courses adheres to
Page 265 and 266: applications manage chat sessions,
Page 267 and 268: 6. Evaluation Figure 4: Example
Page 269 and 270: Introduction Windows to the Univers
Page 271 and 272: Figure 1: The main navigation panel
Page 273 and 274: Our Planet Interior & Surface Atmos
Page 275 and 276: I. Introduction What is a browser?
Page 277: (1) [Baggett, Ehrenfeucht, & Guzdia
Page 281 and 282: On-demand Multi-lingual Font Servic
Page 283 and 284: One of the advantages by using Java
Page 285 and 286: The directory can be an alias defin
Page 287 and 288: Real Audiences—Worldwide: A Case
Page 289 and 290: outstandingly successful authors re
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Page 293 and 294: Introduction Web Conceptual Space R
Page 295 and 296: conceptual knowledge processing, kn
Page 297 and 298: and the 'Top' view for all applicat
Page 299 and 300: An Information Broker for Adaptive
Page 301 and 302: the worst case, we can make a rough
Page 303 and 304: These simple parameters significant
Page 305 and 306: [Weider 96] Weider, C. , Fullton, J
Page 307 and 308: experiments, listen to sound, run l
Page 309 and 310: The administration and management s
Page 311 and 312: Educational packages: the current i
Page 313 and 314: Embedded Interactive Concept Maps i
Page 315 and 316: eading and understanding informal c
Page 317 and 318: Every Smart Ideas document has a de
Page 319 and 320: and used an index into the HTML doc
Page 321 and 322: Introduction Building Internet-Base
Page 323 and 324: comments from others or newly assig
Page 325 and 326: Figure 3: Author profile Conclusion
Page 327 and 328: The major features are: Figure 1 Me
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Figure 3 FrameMaker requirements do
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5 Conclusions This article has pres
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On-the-Fly Web Pages Minus the HTML
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Scannell, Ted (1996). Steve Jobs In
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originator. Thus, the collaborative
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preferences, circumstances and task
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development concerns the previously
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Abstract: Aspects of Large World Wi
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Structuring data The unstructured a
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say on a LAN with a hypermedia serv
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Halasz, 1988 Halasz, F. (1988). Ref
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One of the CNES' goals is to make s
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Archived Files Start Time 1 End Tim
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HELP-EXCHANGE: An Arbitrated System
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Since the Help-Exchange system is e
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system avoids spamming since the qu
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From a Set of Technical Documents t
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“The machine that would perform t
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In the case of the link with commen
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[Glushko 89] Glushko, R. (1989). De
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• SWOOP [Hunter et al. 95] provid
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also planned for implementing this
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storage structures already establis
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Every S-collection (instance) has a
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do not map S-collections onto a glo
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The operator JOIN is applied to a c
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Internet India Suzanne McMahon Univ
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published in Bombay, includes shopp
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INDIA-E@INDNET.BGSU.EDU Economic Fo
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Instructional Materials The first c
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Reminder Robot For the Q&A section
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[Wusage 1994] Cold Spring Harbor La
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succeed, is also social in origin,
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Other ships may also appear on the
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An Intelligent Tutoring System on t
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Figure 1. Viewer Control Mechanism
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input and clickable map as the ways
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Designing Digital Libraries for Pos
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Layer HOSS allows an open set of st
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contradictory to produce a well-def
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[Chartier 1994] Chartier, R. (1994)
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much of the value on the Net “wil
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did nothing but slow down processin
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Bundling has been studied extensive
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The software industry relies on dif
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that is not accepted by society exi
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[Richardson & Radner 1996] Richards
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European Economic Area agreement. S
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Figure 2: Components of the learnin
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5. Concluding Remarks Figure 4: The
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A Distance Education How-To Manual:
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usually required. This can take pla
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piece, or of the whole piece. A CD
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Indexes, Keys: these tables define
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following, we discuss basic types o
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long: in the music database, the co
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The MARBLE 1 Project: A Collaborati
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available, as described above, help
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Feedback and Analysis Fig 2: Extrac
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Open Net and the Australian On-Line
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speeds, download times, changing br
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our audience, fall into one of the
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server change. When we had our own
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Structuring and classification of d
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would not have the rights to change
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5 Current Electronic Publications W
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WebGrid: Knowledge Elicitation and
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annotation form shown in Figure 2 t
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Figure 4 WebGrid form for rating el
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Figure 7 Main status screen of WebG
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As a final element, the realtor has
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WebGrid provides many additional fa
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Media, Multimedia and Meaningful La
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One question which arises in a disc
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about the medium. In studies in whi
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Schwerin advocates mediation as “
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The wider implications of this perc
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Internet, that quality may be seen
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The most frequently discussed probl
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3.2 Developer viewpoint A MicroWeb
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We anticipate that the complete Mic
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Database for employment information
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Figure 1 System Structure Figure 2
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Figure 5(b) Results of Searching
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ClassNet is a CGI-Script running un
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Current Uses Dr. Doug Yarger at Iow
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Introduction Modelling Alter Egos i
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Let us further suppose that the cyb
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• NEC to indicate that the action
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for example impossible to define an
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[vdRiet 95] R.P. van de Riet, A. Ju
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or "anchors." The anchors are stori
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Figure 1: Excerpt from SMART WWWeb
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there is less dissolved oxygen in t
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CS20 will provide students with new
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EPIC : Building a Structured Learni
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expects. The EPIC exercises are emb
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interactive courses around Scotland
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This paper begins by briefly survey
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must supply such information, the s
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Building the collection The lowest
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size is bounded by the size of a st
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the choice should be. It may be tha
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Introduction Supporting Provision a
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A visual resource base comprises a
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• Web browser: It performs the se
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POSTER / DEMONSTRATION
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integration of presentations create
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Science Technology Entry Program: I
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ID Comm: Building a Virtual Communi
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Preservice Teacher Education and th
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Un Meurtre a Cinet (Un homicidio en
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The Human Brain: A Frames-based Ima
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Collaborative Learning/Teaching on
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SHORT PAPERS
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system look for email from the mail
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Converting a Large Introductory Cou
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Bringing Instructional Design Princ
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Watermarking for the HyperWave Hype
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Impact of the Introduction of Web-B
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Owen, J.M. (1993). Program Evaluati
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(d) Low cost to students (e) Easier
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Introduction Robots And The Web: An
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Figure 2. BargainBot Search Results
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Conclusions and Future Work Figure
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Introduction Active Messaging in Ja
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Acknowledgments The authors would l
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The effective development of web-ba
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telecollaboration. This work aims t
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Introduction Internet for Teachers:
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Creating Educational Webmasters: Cy
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Acknowledgments I would like to tha
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The College of Human Ecology, which
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The screen dumps below show a large
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can also open and close levels of t
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Venice and Vienna, iconographic col
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Introduction: Cyberschool - Singapo
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1. Overview US Information Superhig
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Collaborative Design: A Cognitive A
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A Web Based Decision Support System
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addition to participating in teache
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communication between students, bet
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• Exploring Libraries introduces
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Design for Web-Based Learning Phili
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The effin factor concerns the appea
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Introduction The Web is not a Distr
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WEB-EDD: Electronic Document Delive
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Walker, G. L. & Thoma, G. R. (1995)
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3. Evaluation of Link Annotation fo
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Based on the needs addressed above,
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The Presentational use of the inter
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named-thing2(thing-type (parameters
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Integrating the use of the Web into
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linking within the web page is also
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Providing Medical Education Resourc
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logons by PPP/home access, Informat
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indeed create considerable turbulen
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Introduction Homeland: An Integrate
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[Frega and Volpentesta 94] Frega N.
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Summary: Our culture often thinks o
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Implementing Engineering Education
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Reorganised by the Web: Bringing th
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content providers--collaborative te
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Table 1: Sample items from the BEM
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Health Care Information on the Web:
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Abstract Shame and War Revisited Ad
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left to do? Style sheets don't let
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In this case, the Los Alamos Nation
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Differing Cultures: Bringing Minds
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Web of Thought: Ways to Make the Wo
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On Teaching and Collaborative Devel
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I.- History Distance Education on D
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But there is much more to this pict
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in Treemaps. In contrast, the Docuv
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Figure 2: Webview The Webview is us
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Figure 3: Intradocument View showin
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Using a WWW Server to Access and Ma
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W3Client Figure 1 : The Co-Learn WW
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Avoiding Vendor Lock-in: An Open Ap
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Web Courses for Northern B.C.: Virt
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Harvesting the Internet: Creating a
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School Participation in the Co-Deve
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a basic framework for adopting tech
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COMMUNITY WEB PROJECTS TO SUPPORT H
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Overview: Automatically Generated W
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Introduction Computer Aided Informa
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[Bloomfield 1994] Bloomfield, H. (1
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A Generic Learning Platform: From t
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etween Moscow and Western Europe, S
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Creating A Presence On The World Wi
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References [Hill 1993] Hill, Terry
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many of the students likewise had f
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DeRose, Steven and Durand, David, M
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{1} http://www.gfz-potsdam.de/drz/g
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significantly different. Analysis f
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3. The Web Based Solution Most CBT
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A Virtual Campus on the World Wide
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A unified NBCC-wide (and hopefully
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Start Your Search Engines! Authenti
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Observations on Web-Based Course De
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espond to at least four other discu
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examples of the many good discussio
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instructor intervention (to prevent
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Using the World Wide Web To Creativ
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In summary, the goals of the PTK ar
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like SGMLS or SP [Clark 95]. The WW
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All relevant information and links
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Introducation A Virtual Classroom i
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Introduction Put Your Experience on
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Domeshek, E.A. & Kolodner, J.L. 199
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• provide IP address • provide
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Incorporating World Wide Web techno
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1 Introduction Non-Invasive Improve
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The first author acknowledges CNPq
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order to make the students feel tha
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World Band: K-12 Music Education on
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PITS (Populated Information Terrain
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The big central landmark VRML Some
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SEEWeb - An Internet Solution Steve
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Archive.edu: A Storehouse of Classr
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[O’Haver 1995] O’Haver, M. (199
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Module Three The third module explo
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The development of a new journal ne
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Implementation The tool is a Web-ba
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Providing Real Time Instruction on
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first was a single free text field
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the project as contributors of stud
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knowledge-acquisition have to be ac
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instead of contributing a lengthy r
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1. Introduction WWW3D: A 3D Multi-U
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6. Summary In this paper we have de
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collaborative programs. At the same
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and continued challenges of the pas
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In order to cater for the this latt
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Some lectures have pre-lecture assi
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Some Issues. T. of Japanese Society
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MENTOR: Internet Search Advisor and
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acquisition to be followed.- Repres
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Web in order to supplement the main
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When installed at the user end, stu
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These and other lessons learned hav
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some other details about the enviro
Page 815 and 816:
Interactive Teaching Material for t
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The applet is organised around two
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esult, the new search queries not o
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Introduction Distant Education Mate
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Information. The Internet resources
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1 Introduction The Virtual Universi
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on-line, an audio and/or video conn
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Finally, if you are preparing lesso
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The user accessing the database (at
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Figure 2: The HTML page of Esther,
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PANEL
Page 837 and 838:
TUTORIALS
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Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1
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specifications like the Initial Gra
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Low end digital cameras do not at a
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To display images correctly the gam
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• PCD: Photo Compact Disc. Kodak.
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3.1 Database Types There are differ
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There are a lot of (hierarchical) k
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the user. The drawback of dynamic c
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types. These are used to restrict t
Page 857 and 858:
-18-
Page 859 and 860:
If you would like to modify the app
Page 861 and 862:
4.4 Database versus Information Ret
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HARVEST [29,30] is a more complicat
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• Access speed: 10% with 9,6 Kbit
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17. Proceedings of the 3rd Internat
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50. Poynton CA. Frequently Asked Qu
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