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ANDES is designed to support students, teaching assistants, and course administrators. The roles of the clients and servers in the ANDES architecture are rather different from those in typical client-server architectures. Each student station is able to operate autonomously; when students are working through the course materials on their own, and are not interacting with instructors or other students, no connection to the central servers is required. Connection is established only at the beginning and end of each session, and during live class interactions. 3.1 The Student Mini-Server Autonomy is accomplished by installing a Web server and CGI program locally on each ANDES student work station. This student mini-server, presents course materials to the student as requested, and tracks the student’s progress through the course. The mini-server presents the course materials using a conventional Web browser, namely Netscape. The student mini-server contacts the central server automatically when needed, in order to obtain updates for course materials and report on student progress. The mini-server approach provides a number of advantages over the conventional Web as a courseware delivery platform. Storing the course materials locally on the student machine greatly improves system response, and largely eliminates download time during courseware delivery. Autonomous courseware delivery reduces the amount of Internet connect time required, and thus reduces the connect charges to Internet service providers. Because the mini-server resides on the student’s machine, it can do a better job of tracking student activities and controlling the user interface than a server residing on a remote machine can. Because the mini-server prefetches all lesson materials at once, it does a better job of improving system response than general-purpose mechanisms such as caching. ANDES refers to all assets by handles, or aliases that are resolved at runtime to yield an absolute path and file name. Handles enable courseware developers to replace or supplement assets over the life of a course. A global dictionary is used to store the actual pathnames. This approach allows courseware to be updated at any time, by downloading the updates from the central server and updating the handle dictionary. It also permits performance tuning of the courseware, e.g., copying CD-ROM assets temporarily to hard disk. 3.2 Student Workstation Organization Fig. 2 shows the architecture of the student workstation. It includes a Web browser (Netscape), a Web server (MacHTTP or WINhttpd), and several additional processes for retrieving, displaying, and managing courseware. Figure 2: Student workstation architecture. The Netscape browser communicates with a number of helper applications in order to present courseware to the student. A customized application is used to startup workshops that have been authored in Macromedia Director. The mini-server currently runs these workshops as separate, full-screen external applications because the Netscape plug-in for Director movies, Shockwave, does not yet support local file I/O. Other helper
applications manage chat sessions, play audio transmissions (both live and recorded) and handle two-way voice conversations. The user interfaces of the applications are being adapted and simplified for use specifically within the context of an ANDES course. The mini-server performs a number of functions, all implemented by scripts employing the Common Gateway Interface (CGI) protocol. It notifies the central server when a student logs in or out of the system. It locates and selects the most up-to-date versions of courseware assets for presentation. It processes high-level descriptions of course screens, written in ANDES Text Markup Language (ATML), and translates them into HTML presentations for display in the Netscape browser. It updates a database, which includes information about the course materials (when they were last updated) and about the student (how far he or she has progressed through the material). It maintains a log of student actions, both those taken while interacting with the Netscape browser and those taken while playing Director movies, and automatically transmits the log to the central server. The student mini-server and ANDES central servers communicate using a combination of two-way Internet connections (e.g., when the student starts a lesson) and electronic mail (e.g., to transmit courseware updates). A mailer running on the student machine then filters out messages containing courseware updates, and saves the updates on the student’s hard disk. Electronic mail is also used for transmitting student work to the central server. The use of electronic mail reduces the amount of Internet connect time required, and reduces the burden on the central servers. This helps to ensure that ANDES can be easily scaled to handle large course sizes. 3.3 Central Server Organization Fig. 3 shows the organization of the ANDES central servers, which are used to support the various service requests from the student workstations. The central servers can be divided into two groups: those that manage interpersonal communication (chat, audio, and phone servers), and those that manage and distribute course materials. The focus of development in ANDES has been on the latter. Figure 3: Central server organization. When a student attempts to log in to the course, or when a student mini-server requests updates of course assets, the request is sent to the course manager. The course manager is responsible for validating the request for security purposes, determining what information is required by the client, and delivering the information. The course manager also handles distribution of courseware updates, and requests for information about a student’s progress. If a lesson is updated, the course manager determines which student workstations require updates. It is sensitive to the students’ progress through the course; if an instructor updates a workshop that a student has already completed, the course manager will inform the mini-server that it is necessary to repeat the workshop. The Central Web server serves as the course manager’s interface to instructors, course administrators, and the interested public. The Web server invokes a CGI stub which connects to the course manager, relays the requests, and then displays the responses on the client’s Web browser. The global state of the course is
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Proceedings of WebNet 96— WebNet
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FULL PAPERS BRIAN BEVIRT Designing
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THIERRY LEVOIR & REMI BASTIDE SADS:
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MASAYASU AOTANI Distance education
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IAIN LANGDON Education for Changing
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PANELS M J MCALISTER, P COMER & MIS
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Designing Hypertext Navigation Tool
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Organize the Contents of Your Site
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multiple hierarchy charts have to b
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Developing Structured WWW-Sites wit
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Links refer to Templates. From the
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typing tool, which on the one hand
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and implement commercial Web-sites.
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constraints. It is important to rem
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A three-rowed "desktop" was used as
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All assignments were tracked, and s
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Figure 5: Student Information Toolb
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positive values to the course: 1. F
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2. Problem Areas We have identified
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in our system is quite large, and p
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map information for display into th
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- whether these new applications co
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4.3. The Production Phase The produ
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Requests 2500000 2000000 1500000 10
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information systems. Since late 199
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QuestWriter, which will be availabl
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Figure 1: Typical Study Approaches
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Figure 2: Feedback Loop for Questio
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educational Web page design. We hav
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Identifying and Meeting Needs of In
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Two new forms-driven templates, one
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What We Learned About Coaching Web
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Introduction The WWW as a Primary S
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Processing the Order Once users hav
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documentation, report a problem to
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VRML and the Web: A Basis for Multi
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Plate 2: Three users represented by
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Figure 2: Interfae components to ex
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Avatar Distribution Figure 3: Avata
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Introduction Tracking WWW Users: Ex
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etween subsequent requests, and an
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server not to cache that object. Ho
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[Benford et al. 1996] Benford, S.D.
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Published on the Web from the WebNe
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current state of knowledge represen
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Figure 1: Textook and Glossary wind
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Part of this work is supported by a
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Database 2. Review of Related Work
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Display Password Screen Check User
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Recently, Java has changed the way
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To meet our requirements, we have o
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Using the WebSM the creation of a q
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store its result in a variable, usi
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Table of Contents Executive Summary
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Chapter One: The Web Marketplace Gr
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4) Advertising Subsidy growing dram
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effectiveness of the ad with any on
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3) Server Performance The Web commu
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Chapter Three: Andromedia’s Aria
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3) Distributed Design Although Obje
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Aria.monitor is comprehensive with
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The Aria.recorder is also capable o
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is being used to create real-time r
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The Reporter user interface provide
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Aria.reporter takes advantage of th
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Introduction Automating Hypermedia
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Figure 3: 2: Add Course Graphic Cre
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Longevity of the HTML Course Creato
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Methodological Issues in Studying a
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4. Complexity of User Interaction:
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automatically, in a reliable and pe
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web users (i.e., scrolling list of
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the NSF EXPRES project. In [Galeghe
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Astronomy and Space Science Relevan
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surface of Pluto - assembled throug
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The Web as Process Tool and Product
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collaboratively produced report abo
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In the AIT course, key satisfaction
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Explorations: the Cornell Theory Ce
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version of Netscape 2.0 (Netscape w
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from video tape) and compromised on
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Designing a Course on the WEB : the
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charge of a training institute, we
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Another way of supporting "point to
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References [Derycke and D’Halluin
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like SGMLS or SP [Clark 95]. The WW
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MRTSpace is based on MRT, a Minimal
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2.3 Geometric and visual ‘continu
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IP Multicast messages do not work o
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came into common use. A number of e
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probably to human culture as a whol
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3D Visualization of WWW Semantic Co
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2.1 Extracting and Organizing WWW S
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mantic space comes from exploring r
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Introduction Interactive Justice Th
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presented by both public prosecutor
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A different communication mode allo
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Convergence to the Information High
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over 9 million at the beginning of
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unreliable electronic components co
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in an integrated model which has th
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Crane, D. (1972). Invisible College
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discourse does not mean that it is
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Figure 2 Communities within the lay
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The major services classified are:-
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Spears, R. and Lea, M. (1994). Pana
Page 213 and 214: presents relevant items to the user
Page 215 and 216: ProFusion's main process creates mu
Page 217 and 218: Managing Interdisciplinary Project
Page 219 and 220: influencing the study. To ensure th
Page 221 and 222: ANALYSIS The introduction of new co
Page 223 and 224: to be combined; this integration ac
Page 225 and 226: On receiving the information that a
Page 227 and 228: 4.1.4 SPS-SCS delivery system This
Page 229 and 230: Aster Servers - How to make Aster m
Page 231 and 232: Another approach we have tested as
Page 233 and 234: information available on the web. W
Page 235 and 236: Project Based Learning - Global Vil
Page 237 and 238: http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/SDG/Softwa
Page 239 and 240: Web. It is tailored to the needs of
Page 241 and 242: Views of the Solar System - http://
Page 243 and 244: Gatherers and Brokers. The Gatherer
Page 245 and 246: (Uniform Resource Locators) are pre
Page 247 and 248: References Figure 6: Document Displ
Page 249 and 250: The RealAudio (http://www.realaudio
Page 251 and 252: For educators, this combination of
Page 253 and 254: The practical components of this pr
Page 255 and 256: typologize communication and media
Page 257 and 258: egistration pattern (in the reverse
Page 259 and 260: the Internet, in terms of informati
Page 261 and 262: Fig. 10: 3-dimensional pattern matr
Page 263: structure of the courses adheres to
Page 267 and 268: 6. Evaluation Figure 4: Example
Page 269 and 270: Introduction Windows to the Univers
Page 271 and 272: Figure 1: The main navigation panel
Page 273 and 274: Our Planet Interior & Surface Atmos
Page 275 and 276: I. Introduction What is a browser?
Page 277 and 278: (1) [Baggett, Ehrenfeucht, & Guzdia
Page 279 and 280: Node display. In addition to enforc
Page 281 and 282: On-demand Multi-lingual Font Servic
Page 283 and 284: One of the advantages by using Java
Page 285 and 286: The directory can be an alias defin
Page 287 and 288: Real Audiences—Worldwide: A Case
Page 289 and 290: outstandingly successful authors re
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Page 293 and 294: Introduction Web Conceptual Space R
Page 295 and 296: conceptual knowledge processing, kn
Page 297 and 298: and the 'Top' view for all applicat
Page 299 and 300: An Information Broker for Adaptive
Page 301 and 302: the worst case, we can make a rough
Page 303 and 304: These simple parameters significant
Page 305 and 306: [Weider 96] Weider, C. , Fullton, J
Page 307 and 308: experiments, listen to sound, run l
Page 309 and 310: The administration and management s
Page 311 and 312: Educational packages: the current i
Page 313 and 314: Embedded Interactive Concept Maps i
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eading and understanding informal c
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Every Smart Ideas document has a de
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and used an index into the HTML doc
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Introduction Building Internet-Base
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comments from others or newly assig
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Figure 3: Author profile Conclusion
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The major features are: Figure 1 Me
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Figure 3 FrameMaker requirements do
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5 Conclusions This article has pres
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On-the-Fly Web Pages Minus the HTML
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Scannell, Ted (1996). Steve Jobs In
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originator. Thus, the collaborative
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preferences, circumstances and task
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development concerns the previously
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Abstract: Aspects of Large World Wi
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Structuring data The unstructured a
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say on a LAN with a hypermedia serv
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Halasz, 1988 Halasz, F. (1988). Ref
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One of the CNES' goals is to make s
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Archived Files Start Time 1 End Tim
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HELP-EXCHANGE: An Arbitrated System
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Since the Help-Exchange system is e
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system avoids spamming since the qu
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From a Set of Technical Documents t
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“The machine that would perform t
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In the case of the link with commen
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[Glushko 89] Glushko, R. (1989). De
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• SWOOP [Hunter et al. 95] provid
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also planned for implementing this
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storage structures already establis
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Every S-collection (instance) has a
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do not map S-collections onto a glo
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The operator JOIN is applied to a c
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Internet India Suzanne McMahon Univ
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published in Bombay, includes shopp
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INDIA-E@INDNET.BGSU.EDU Economic Fo
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Instructional Materials The first c
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Reminder Robot For the Q&A section
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[Wusage 1994] Cold Spring Harbor La
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succeed, is also social in origin,
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Other ships may also appear on the
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An Intelligent Tutoring System on t
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Figure 1. Viewer Control Mechanism
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input and clickable map as the ways
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Designing Digital Libraries for Pos
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Layer HOSS allows an open set of st
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contradictory to produce a well-def
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[Chartier 1994] Chartier, R. (1994)
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much of the value on the Net “wil
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did nothing but slow down processin
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Bundling has been studied extensive
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The software industry relies on dif
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that is not accepted by society exi
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[Richardson & Radner 1996] Richards
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European Economic Area agreement. S
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Figure 2: Components of the learnin
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5. Concluding Remarks Figure 4: The
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A Distance Education How-To Manual:
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usually required. This can take pla
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piece, or of the whole piece. A CD
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Indexes, Keys: these tables define
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following, we discuss basic types o
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long: in the music database, the co
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The MARBLE 1 Project: A Collaborati
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available, as described above, help
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Feedback and Analysis Fig 2: Extrac
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Open Net and the Australian On-Line
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speeds, download times, changing br
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our audience, fall into one of the
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server change. When we had our own
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Structuring and classification of d
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would not have the rights to change
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5 Current Electronic Publications W
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WebGrid: Knowledge Elicitation and
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annotation form shown in Figure 2 t
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Figure 4 WebGrid form for rating el
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Figure 7 Main status screen of WebG
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As a final element, the realtor has
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WebGrid provides many additional fa
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Media, Multimedia and Meaningful La
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One question which arises in a disc
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about the medium. In studies in whi
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Schwerin advocates mediation as “
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The wider implications of this perc
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Internet, that quality may be seen
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The most frequently discussed probl
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3.2 Developer viewpoint A MicroWeb
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We anticipate that the complete Mic
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Database for employment information
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Figure 1 System Structure Figure 2
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Figure 5(b) Results of Searching
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ClassNet is a CGI-Script running un
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Current Uses Dr. Doug Yarger at Iow
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Introduction Modelling Alter Egos i
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Let us further suppose that the cyb
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• NEC to indicate that the action
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for example impossible to define an
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[vdRiet 95] R.P. van de Riet, A. Ju
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or "anchors." The anchors are stori
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Figure 1: Excerpt from SMART WWWeb
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there is less dissolved oxygen in t
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CS20 will provide students with new
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EPIC : Building a Structured Learni
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expects. The EPIC exercises are emb
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interactive courses around Scotland
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This paper begins by briefly survey
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must supply such information, the s
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Building the collection The lowest
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size is bounded by the size of a st
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the choice should be. It may be tha
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Introduction Supporting Provision a
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A visual resource base comprises a
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• Web browser: It performs the se
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POSTER / DEMONSTRATION
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integration of presentations create
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Science Technology Entry Program: I
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ID Comm: Building a Virtual Communi
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Preservice Teacher Education and th
Page 551 and 552:
Un Meurtre a Cinet (Un homicidio en
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The Human Brain: A Frames-based Ima
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Collaborative Learning/Teaching on
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SHORT PAPERS
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system look for email from the mail
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Converting a Large Introductory Cou
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Bringing Instructional Design Princ
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Watermarking for the HyperWave Hype
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Impact of the Introduction of Web-B
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Owen, J.M. (1993). Program Evaluati
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(d) Low cost to students (e) Easier
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Introduction Robots And The Web: An
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Figure 2. BargainBot Search Results
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Conclusions and Future Work Figure
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Introduction Active Messaging in Ja
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Acknowledgments The authors would l
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The effective development of web-ba
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telecollaboration. This work aims t
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Introduction Internet for Teachers:
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Creating Educational Webmasters: Cy
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Acknowledgments I would like to tha
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The College of Human Ecology, which
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The screen dumps below show a large
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can also open and close levels of t
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Venice and Vienna, iconographic col
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Introduction: Cyberschool - Singapo
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1. Overview US Information Superhig
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Collaborative Design: A Cognitive A
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A Web Based Decision Support System
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addition to participating in teache
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communication between students, bet
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• Exploring Libraries introduces
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Design for Web-Based Learning Phili
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The effin factor concerns the appea
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Introduction The Web is not a Distr
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WEB-EDD: Electronic Document Delive
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Walker, G. L. & Thoma, G. R. (1995)
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3. Evaluation of Link Annotation fo
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Based on the needs addressed above,
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The Presentational use of the inter
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named-thing2(thing-type (parameters
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Integrating the use of the Web into
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linking within the web page is also
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Providing Medical Education Resourc
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logons by PPP/home access, Informat
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indeed create considerable turbulen
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Introduction Homeland: An Integrate
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[Frega and Volpentesta 94] Frega N.
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Summary: Our culture often thinks o
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Implementing Engineering Education
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Reorganised by the Web: Bringing th
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content providers--collaborative te
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Table 1: Sample items from the BEM
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Health Care Information on the Web:
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Abstract Shame and War Revisited Ad
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left to do? Style sheets don't let
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In this case, the Los Alamos Nation
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Differing Cultures: Bringing Minds
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Web of Thought: Ways to Make the Wo
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On Teaching and Collaborative Devel
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I.- History Distance Education on D
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But there is much more to this pict
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in Treemaps. In contrast, the Docuv
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Figure 2: Webview The Webview is us
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Figure 3: Intradocument View showin
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Using a WWW Server to Access and Ma
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W3Client Figure 1 : The Co-Learn WW
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Avoiding Vendor Lock-in: An Open Ap
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Web Courses for Northern B.C.: Virt
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Harvesting the Internet: Creating a
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School Participation in the Co-Deve
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a basic framework for adopting tech
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COMMUNITY WEB PROJECTS TO SUPPORT H
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Overview: Automatically Generated W
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Introduction Computer Aided Informa
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[Bloomfield 1994] Bloomfield, H. (1
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A Generic Learning Platform: From t
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etween Moscow and Western Europe, S
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Creating A Presence On The World Wi
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References [Hill 1993] Hill, Terry
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many of the students likewise had f
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DeRose, Steven and Durand, David, M
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{1} http://www.gfz-potsdam.de/drz/g
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significantly different. Analysis f
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3. The Web Based Solution Most CBT
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A Virtual Campus on the World Wide
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A unified NBCC-wide (and hopefully
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Start Your Search Engines! Authenti
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Observations on Web-Based Course De
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espond to at least four other discu
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examples of the many good discussio
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instructor intervention (to prevent
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Using the World Wide Web To Creativ
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In summary, the goals of the PTK ar
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like SGMLS or SP [Clark 95]. The WW
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All relevant information and links
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Introducation A Virtual Classroom i
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Introduction Put Your Experience on
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Domeshek, E.A. & Kolodner, J.L. 199
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• provide IP address • provide
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Incorporating World Wide Web techno
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1 Introduction Non-Invasive Improve
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The first author acknowledges CNPq
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order to make the students feel tha
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World Band: K-12 Music Education on
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PITS (Populated Information Terrain
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The big central landmark VRML Some
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SEEWeb - An Internet Solution Steve
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Archive.edu: A Storehouse of Classr
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[O’Haver 1995] O’Haver, M. (199
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Module Three The third module explo
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The development of a new journal ne
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Implementation The tool is a Web-ba
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Providing Real Time Instruction on
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first was a single free text field
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the project as contributors of stud
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knowledge-acquisition have to be ac
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instead of contributing a lengthy r
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1. Introduction WWW3D: A 3D Multi-U
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6. Summary In this paper we have de
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collaborative programs. At the same
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and continued challenges of the pas
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In order to cater for the this latt
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Some lectures have pre-lecture assi
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Some Issues. T. of Japanese Society
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MENTOR: Internet Search Advisor and
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acquisition to be followed.- Repres
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Web in order to supplement the main
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When installed at the user end, stu
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These and other lessons learned hav
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some other details about the enviro
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Interactive Teaching Material for t
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The applet is organised around two
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esult, the new search queries not o
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Introduction Distant Education Mate
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Information. The Internet resources
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1 Introduction The Virtual Universi
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on-line, an audio and/or video conn
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Finally, if you are preparing lesso
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The user accessing the database (at
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Figure 2: The HTML page of Esther,
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PANEL
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TUTORIALS
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Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1
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specifications like the Initial Gra
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Low end digital cameras do not at a
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To display images correctly the gam
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• PCD: Photo Compact Disc. Kodak.
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3.1 Database Types There are differ
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There are a lot of (hierarchical) k
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the user. The drawback of dynamic c
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types. These are used to restrict t
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-18-
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If you would like to modify the app
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4.4 Database versus Information Ret
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HARVEST [29,30] is a more complicat
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• Access speed: 10% with 9,6 Kbit
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17. Proceedings of the 3rd Internat
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50. Poynton CA. Frequently Asked Qu
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