Keynote Lecture: Fecal Incontinence

Biofeedback: Outcomes
• N=171 randomized four groups: I) teaching, advice
and support (a), II) + addition of sphincter exercises
(a+b), III) +addition of manometric feedback
(a+b+c), IV) + addition of home training device
(a+b+c+d)
• Continence scores, disease-specific and generic QOL
scores, resting, squeeze, and sustained squeeze
pressures improved in all groups and improvement
was maintained at one year
• Presence and degree of sphincter defect did not
correlate with outcome
Norton Gastroenterology 2003