canopy management in fruit crops - Department of Agriculture & Co ...

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74 Canopy Management in Fruit Crops Strawberry There are 4 training systems — matted row, spaced row, hill system and plastic mulch in strawberry. Generally, matted row system is followed in our country. • Matted row: This is the simplest and least expensive method. The runners are usually planted at 90cm x 45cm spacing. In Himachal Pradesh, a spacing of 60cm x 25cm for Chandler is optimum. After the initial growth of the first year, runners are allowed to cover the vacant space all around the mother plants ultimately followed in heavy soils which are free from weeds. In this system, more number of plants can be accommodated/unit area which give a higher yield under suitable conditions. The overcrowding may cause higher fruit rot. Thus, care must be taken to maintain the optimum number of plants Well managed strawberry field without overcrowding. • Spaced row: This system is suitable for cultivars that are moderate to weak in producing runners. The daughter plants are spaced at definite distances by covering the selected tips of runners with soil which become plants. This is done till the desired number of daughter plants are obtained for each mother plant. The runners formed later on are removed. • Hill system: This system is followed for cultivars developing only a few runners. All runners are removed from the mother plants. The individual plants become large and bear more than those in matted row. The plants are planted 25-30cm apart in twin rows 20-30cm apart and 100-110cm spacing between twin rows. A small tractor can be used for tillage. Where cultivation is done manually, the rows can be spaced closer at 60cm. In some cases, triple rows are set. • Plastic mulch: Green or black plastic film is used as a mulch for hill system to control weeds and conserve moisture, but on hot days, some scalding of berries takes place. In this system, berries are kept clean, and rot and mold are reduced. The plants bloom earlier. These are prone to damage by frost.
Walnut Modified central leader system is ideal for training since it provides very good strength to its framework. • • • • • Trees are trained on a single stem up to 1-2m, on which 5-6 scaffold branches are retained at almost uniform distance spirally. Excess buds are pinched during first year. Pruning is not being practised in our country, as almost entire plantation is of seedling origin, attaining giant size which makes pruning in later years almost impossible. However with grafted plants, pruning is required which can help increase the productivity and improve the quality. Trees grown from seedlings receive some kind of pruning while harvesting by thrashing the limbs with wooden poles. It is, however, a crude method which needs to be modified. Walnut trained on a single stem Canopy Management in Fruit Crops 75
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CANOPY MANAGEMENT IN FRUIT CROPS DR
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Contents Foreword .................
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Introduction Canopy management is o
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Principles of Canopy Management Can
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Almond In many physiological charac
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• Before rejuvenation pruning, br
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Apple The plants are trained accord
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• • • To check excessive vigo
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Apricot Apricot fruits are produced
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Avocado Young avocado trees should
Page 25 and 26:
Banana In most banana growing regio
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• • • • narrow crotches are
Page 29 and 30:
Cashew Canopy in cashew, a fast gro
Page 31 and 32: • The yield of bush pruned plants
Page 33 and 34: • If plants are properly protecte
Page 35 and 36: Cherry Cherry plants require more c
Page 37 and 38: Grapefruit The grapefruit plants ar
Page 39 and 40: Pruning Tips • Pruning should be
Page 41 and 42: Sweet Orange Sweet orange trees are
Page 43 and 44: Custard apple Custard apple require
Page 45 and 46: Fig Fig plants require annual pruni
Page 47 and 48: Grape Canopy of grapevine includes
Page 49 and 50: • • • than the requirement. H
Page 51 and 52: Establishing Meadow Orchard • In
Page 53 and 54: • • • The multiple shoots dev
Page 55 and 56: Jamun Jamun plants need to be train
Page 57 and 58: • • • • • • To achieve
Page 59 and 60: Litchi Management of optimum statur
Page 61 and 62: • growth around the bottom of tru
Page 63 and 64: Mango Tree canopy management, espec
Page 65 and 66: • • • • During removal of b
Page 67 and 68: • • • could cause significant
Page 69 and 70: • • • • • Young non beari
Page 71 and 72: Peach Peach fruit is mainly borne o
Page 73 and 74: Pear Proper training and pruning of
Page 75 and 76: Persimmon Persimmon plants are trai
Page 77 and 78: Plum Plum plants are slower than th
Page 79 and 80: Pomegranate Pomegranate has wide ra
Page 81: Sapota Sapota being an evergreen tr
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