canopy management in fruit crops - Department of Agriculture & Co ...

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• • • • • • • • • • • • • 64 Usually, 3-5 well spread laterals are selected as the future scaffold limbs. They are headed back systematically to short spurs, with two bud each. This enables new growth at wider angles, which helps in formation of 3-5 main limbs, with reasonably wide angles and strong crotches. Too many laterals should not be retained and crowding should be avoided. In second year, 5-7 secondary limbs on main scaffolds are selected and headed back. On secondary scaffold, diseased, weak and dry shoots are thinned out and 2 or 3 secondary laterals are selected at this stage. All the side branches which grow towards the ground, centre of the tree or vertically straight, should be thinned out. The main stem is kept clear up to 45cm above the ground. Peachs require heavy and regular pruning because fruiting occurs laterally only on previous season’s growth which bears only once in its life time. The pruning in peach has two important components, i.e. thinning out and heading back of shoots. Pruning should be done so as to produce 25-50cm of growth annually under temperate condition, which is sufficient for maintaining optimum productivity. During early bearing, the selected shoots should be lightly pruned by removing 20- 30% linear growth after corrective pruning of trees. After 7-8 years of bearing, corrective pruning is followed by removal of linear extension growth to the extent of 70-80%. The remaining 50% of selected shoots are headed back by removing 20-30% linear growth. In general, fruit bearing shoots are lightly pruned and alternate ones severely headed back to get sufficient yield and following year’s growth, respectively. In subsequent years, the pruning severities in these two branches are changed which maintain the trees in growing and fruiting condition. In July Elberta peach, pruning is done to retain 40 fruiting shoots and each shoot is headed back to 15 nodes. Where heavy pruning is required, three fourths heading back plus 40% thinning out is recommended. Mid winter is best time of pruning. Canopy Management in Fruit Crops
Pear Proper training and pruning of pear trees are essential for the development of strong framework, to maintain vigour and growth, spread the fruiting branches uniformly, secure fruits of good size and quality, encourage regular bearing, and provide convenience while pruning, spraying and harvesting. • • Pear trees are usually trained according to Modified Central Leader method. In this method, 4 or 5 well spaced limbs are developed during initial 3-4 years and then the leader is headed off. In first year, plants are headed back at 90cm in low headed trees and at 125cm in high headed trees at the time of planting. Canopy management for more fruit production • The lowest branch is allowed to develop at a • height of 60cm from the ground level. Four or five primary scaffold branches arising at wider angle, well spaced, 10-15cm apart and spirally arranged around the tree trunk are selected. Two to three secondary branches are selected on primary scaffold during second dormant pruning. Proper training provides better tree shape During subsequent years, training consists of thinning out unwanted branches and cutting others to desirable side limbs. The leader is removed to keep a well placed, outward growing lateral in the fourth year of training. Canopy Management in Fruit Crops 65
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CANOPY MANAGEMENT IN FRUIT CROPS DR
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Contents Foreword .................
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Introduction Canopy management is o
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Principles of Canopy Management Can
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Almond In many physiological charac
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• Before rejuvenation pruning, br
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Apple The plants are trained accord
Page 19 and 20:
• • • To check excessive vigo
Page 21 and 22: Apricot Apricot fruits are produced
Page 23 and 24: Avocado Young avocado trees should
Page 25 and 26: Banana In most banana growing regio
Page 27 and 28: • • • • narrow crotches are
Page 29 and 30: Cashew Canopy in cashew, a fast gro
Page 31 and 32: • The yield of bush pruned plants
Page 33 and 34: • If plants are properly protecte
Page 35 and 36: Cherry Cherry plants require more c
Page 37 and 38: Grapefruit The grapefruit plants ar
Page 39 and 40: Pruning Tips • Pruning should be
Page 41 and 42: Sweet Orange Sweet orange trees are
Page 43 and 44: Custard apple Custard apple require
Page 45 and 46: Fig Fig plants require annual pruni
Page 47 and 48: Grape Canopy of grapevine includes
Page 49 and 50: • • • than the requirement. H
Page 51 and 52: Establishing Meadow Orchard • In
Page 53 and 54: • • • The multiple shoots dev
Page 55 and 56: Jamun Jamun plants need to be train
Page 57 and 58: • • • • • • To achieve
Page 59 and 60: Litchi Management of optimum statur
Page 61 and 62: • growth around the bottom of tru
Page 63 and 64: Mango Tree canopy management, espec
Page 65 and 66: • • • • During removal of b
Page 67 and 68: • • • could cause significant
Page 69 and 70: • • • • • Young non beari
Page 71: Peach Peach fruit is mainly borne o
Page 75 and 76: Persimmon Persimmon plants are trai
Page 77 and 78: Plum Plum plants are slower than th
Page 79 and 80: Pomegranate Pomegranate has wide ra
Page 81 and 82: Sapota Sapota being an evergreen tr
Page 83 and 84: Walnut Modified central leader syst
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