canopy management in fruit crops - Department of Agriculture & Co ...

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• • • • • • • 50 Pruning in kiwi should be carried out in such a way that fruiting areas are available every year, requiring the wood to be young. This is achieved by following a 3-4 year lateral replacement system which becomes a pruning cycle. In the beginning, a lateral arising from main rod is cut back in winter to provide enough space for 4-5 fruiting shoots at 4-5 bud interval between 2 such shoots. The strong uprights or shoots arising at undesirable points are pruned in spring season when they have not grown too long. This is more applicable to Hayward variety, in which shoots of only medium vigour bear fruits. In others, vigorous shoots can be pulled back to horizontal position to convert them into fruiting wood. Thus, summer pruning constitutes in shortening back of fruiting arms, thinning out of criss cross and shading shoots. The secret of successful summer pruning is in the selection and encouragement of correct laterals to bear fruits in the next year and expose vine to sunlight. In dormant pruning, the fruiting lateral is cut back to 2 vegetative buds beyond the last fruit. In second year, these vegetative buds produce fruiting shoots which are pruned again. The arms on the lateral shoots are allowed to fruit during third or fourth year. After this, the laterals are removed from the main branches, while other laterals are selected and pruned accordingly, so that the balance between vegetative and reproductive growth is maintained for continuity in fruit production. Canopy Management in Fruit Crops
Litchi Management of optimum stature of litchi tree with compact and stereo bearing canopy is an important aspect of orchard management. Generally, litchi trees grow unstopped and develop into larger canopy. But in systematic orcharding, promotion of large bearing area, accommodation of more number of plants/unit area, management of tree height, canopy concentration to provide more fruiting branches and penetration of more light to inner portion become more relevant. Hence, giving proper shape to trees from initial stage and pruning of branches after harvesting in bearing trees is essential. Since more shoot sprouting takes place in young plants, proper shape is quite convenient at this stage. • • • • • • Single stem air layered plants should be raised in bags and allowed to grow up to 40-50 cm. The air layered plants have strong tendency to produce branches at the ground level which are pinched or pruned. Further, strong, well spaced outshoots are allowed to form the main branches. It is necessary to continue shaping by removing all the branches forming crotches with main branches as and when they grow. To develop good and compact canopy, 25-30 cm fruit bearing shoots at the time of harvesting are removed. In this way, 2-3 new terminals develop which consequently develop into fruiting branches next season. Unproductive trees are pruned heavily to develop new fruitful shoots. In such cases, heavy reiterative pruning, usually up to limbs at a height of 4-5m is commonly followed, supplemented with heavy application of nutrients. Further, supplementary pruning is done to retain 4-6 healthy, well-placed shoots in each limbs. These new shoots start fruiting 2-3 years after pruning. Thereafter, general pruning is followed to maintain ideal vigour and productivity of trees. Tree in improved shape Canopy Management in Fruit Crops 51
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CANOPY MANAGEMENT IN FRUIT CROPS DR
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Contents Foreword .................
Page 5 and 6:
Vh- uUn dqekj] vkbZ-,-,llfpo T. Nan
Page 7 and 8: xksj[k flag ckxokuh vk;qDr Gorakh S
Page 9 and 10: Introduction Canopy management is o
Page 11 and 12: Principles of Canopy Management Can
Page 13 and 14: Almond In many physiological charac
Page 15 and 16: • Before rejuvenation pruning, br
Page 17 and 18: Apple The plants are trained accord
Page 19 and 20: • • • To check excessive vigo
Page 21 and 22: Apricot Apricot fruits are produced
Page 23 and 24: Avocado Young avocado trees should
Page 25 and 26: Banana In most banana growing regio
Page 27 and 28: • • • • narrow crotches are
Page 29 and 30: Cashew Canopy in cashew, a fast gro
Page 31 and 32: • The yield of bush pruned plants
Page 33 and 34: • If plants are properly protecte
Page 35 and 36: Cherry Cherry plants require more c
Page 37 and 38: Grapefruit The grapefruit plants ar
Page 39 and 40: Pruning Tips • Pruning should be
Page 41 and 42: Sweet Orange Sweet orange trees are
Page 43 and 44: Custard apple Custard apple require
Page 45 and 46: Fig Fig plants require annual pruni
Page 47 and 48: Grape Canopy of grapevine includes
Page 49 and 50: • • • than the requirement. H
Page 51 and 52: Establishing Meadow Orchard • In
Page 53 and 54: • • • The multiple shoots dev
Page 55 and 56: Jamun Jamun plants need to be train
Page 57: • • • • • • To achieve
Page 61 and 62: • growth around the bottom of tru
Page 63 and 64: Mango Tree canopy management, espec
Page 65 and 66: • • • • During removal of b
Page 67 and 68: • • • could cause significant
Page 69 and 70: • • • • • Young non beari
Page 71 and 72: Peach Peach fruit is mainly borne o
Page 73 and 74: Pear Proper training and pruning of
Page 75 and 76: Persimmon Persimmon plants are trai
Page 77 and 78: Plum Plum plants are slower than th
Page 79 and 80: Pomegranate Pomegranate has wide ra
Page 81 and 82: Sapota Sapota being an evergreen tr
Page 83 and 84: Walnut Modified central leader syst
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