canopy management in fruit crops - Department of Agriculture & Co ...

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16. Egg fruit .................................................................................................................... 36 17. Fig ............................................................................................................................. 37 18. Grape........................................................................................................................ 39 19. Guava........................................................................................................................ 42 20. Jackfruit .................................................................................................................... 46 21. Jamun ....................................................................................................................... 47 22. Karonda .................................................................................................................... 47 23. Kiwifruit .................................................................................................................... 48 24. Litchi ......................................................................................................................... 51 25. Loquat ...................................................................................................................... 53 26. Macadamia............................................................................................................... 54 27. Mahua ...................................................................................................................... 54 28. Mango ...................................................................................................................... 55 29. Mangosteen ............................................................................................................. 60 30. Olive ......................................................................................................................... 61 31. Passionfruit............................................................................................................... 62 32. Peach ........................................................................................................................ 63 33. Pear .......................................................................................................................... 65 34. Pecan nut.................................................................................................................. 67 35. Persimmon ............................................................................................................... 67 36. Phalsa ....................................................................................................................... 68 37. Plum ......................................................................................................................... 69 38. Pomegranate ............................................................................................................ 71 39. Rambutan................................................................................................................. 72 40. Sapota....................................................................................................................... 73 41. Strawberry................................................................................................................ 74 42. Walnut...................................................................................................................... 75 iv
Vh- uUn dqekj] vkbZ-,-,llfpo T. Nanda Kumar, I.A.S Secretary Foreword The productivity of fruit crops depends on several factors, poor management of canopy architecture being the most important one. In fact, fruiting potential of the trees is largely governed by their architecture, canopy density and photosynthetic efficiency. Canopy management in fruit crops deals with the development and maintenance of their structure in relation to the size and shape for maximum productivity with quality fruits. Tree canopy management, especially size control, has become a priority for reducing production cost and increasing fruit yield and quality. Canopy design and shape influence light interception with assured higher monetary returns to fruit growers. Therefore, early height control and tree canopy management are important techniques which should be practised in fruit crops for higher returns to growers. Hkkjr ljdkj Ñf"k ea=kky; Ñf"k ,oa lgdkfjrk foHkkx Government of India Ministry of Agriculture Department of Agriculture & Cooperation I am happy that National Horticulture Mission and Technology Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture in North-Eastern and Himalayan States have provided the necessary impetus to area expansion under fruit and plantation crops. However, there appears to be a missing link in the package of practices to ensure healthy development of trees for sustainable production. The orchards/plantations since their establishment need regular and scientific canopy management to facilitate proper development of strong upright framework of trees with outwardly spreading canopy. Generally, farmers are not aware of the importance of tree architecture and canopy management, as well as their related techniques. As a result, a majority of trees attain tall or curved growth structure and canopy marked with criss cross branches, leading to a dense vegetative growth with very poor infiltration rate of v
Page 1 and 2: CANOPY MANAGEMENT IN FRUIT CROPS DR
Page 3: Contents Foreword .................
Page 7 and 8: xksj[k flag ckxokuh vk;qDr Gorakh S
Page 9 and 10: Introduction Canopy management is o
Page 11 and 12: Principles of Canopy Management Can
Page 13 and 14: Almond In many physiological charac
Page 15 and 16: • Before rejuvenation pruning, br
Page 17 and 18: Apple The plants are trained accord
Page 19 and 20: • • • To check excessive vigo
Page 21 and 22: Apricot Apricot fruits are produced
Page 23 and 24: Avocado Young avocado trees should
Page 25 and 26: Banana In most banana growing regio
Page 27 and 28: • • • • narrow crotches are
Page 29 and 30: Cashew Canopy in cashew, a fast gro
Page 31 and 32: • The yield of bush pruned plants
Page 33 and 34: • If plants are properly protecte
Page 35 and 36: Cherry Cherry plants require more c
Page 37 and 38: Grapefruit The grapefruit plants ar
Page 39 and 40: Pruning Tips • Pruning should be
Page 41 and 42: Sweet Orange Sweet orange trees are
Page 43 and 44: Custard apple Custard apple require
Page 45 and 46: Fig Fig plants require annual pruni
Page 47 and 48: Grape Canopy of grapevine includes
Page 49 and 50: • • • than the requirement. H
Page 51 and 52: Establishing Meadow Orchard • In
Page 53 and 54: • • • The multiple shoots dev
Page 55 and 56:
Jamun Jamun plants need to be train
Page 57 and 58:
• • • • • • To achieve
Page 59 and 60:
Litchi Management of optimum statur
Page 61 and 62:
• growth around the bottom of tru
Page 63 and 64:
Mango Tree canopy management, espec
Page 65 and 66:
• • • • During removal of b
Page 67 and 68:
• • • could cause significant
Page 69 and 70:
• • • • • Young non beari
Page 71 and 72:
Peach Peach fruit is mainly borne o
Page 73 and 74:
Pear Proper training and pruning of
Page 75 and 76:
Persimmon Persimmon plants are trai
Page 77 and 78:
Plum Plum plants are slower than th
Page 79 and 80:
Pomegranate Pomegranate has wide ra
Page 81 and 82:
Sapota Sapota being an evergreen tr
Page 83 and 84:
Walnut Modified central leader syst
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