canopy management in fruit crops - Department of Agriculture & Co ...

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Beheading of Trees • • • 26 The most suitable time for beheading of trees is April-May, i.e. immediately after harvesting of fruits. It also depends on fruit bearing pattern of trees (early, mid and late season) in different varieties. After selecting trees for beheading, cut the limbs and reduce the weight of crown and finally retain the stumps of plants at 1.0-1.5 m height. While pruning limbs, care should be taken so that the bark should not have split or damaged on retained stump. Immediately after beheading of trees, treat the cut wounds with 10% Bordeaux paste so that there should not be any gummosis and fungal infection in wound. Grafting Operation • • • • Grafting of new flushes emerging from the trunk of the cut tree can be taken up after 45-60 days onwards. About 200-300 shoots emerge from the trunk below the cut end depending on the size of the remaining trunk. On a cut tree about 15-20 shoots of different branches in different directions may be selected and grafting by softwood grafting technique may be taken with the scion material of required or elite varieties. The period between June and August is most suitable for top working. After successful grafting of the shoots, remaining ungrafted shoots need to be gradually removed in a phased manner. After about 4-5 months of grafting, only about 10-12 successful grafts in various branches in different directions may be retained and rest may be removed. The new flushes emerging from the trunk subsequently should be frequently removed. From second year of grafting, the plant will grow into a tree and give flowers and fruits like a normal tree. Canopy Management in Fruit Crops Shoots develop in top worked trees
Cherry Cherry plants require more corrective pruning rather than too much heading back of branches. Bearing trees need some pruning to keep the centre of the tree open. The top is kept fairly low to generate new growth. • • • • Cherry plants are trained on modified leader system. They are headed back at 60-80cm at the time of planting. The central leader is retained and 3-5 wide angled branches, 20-25cm apart spirally around the tree, are selected in first dormant pruning. The lowest branch should be 40-60cm above the ground level. The selected scaffold branches are headed back to minimum and only one fourth of the growth is pruned off. In second dormant pruning, 3-4 well spaced main branches are selected whose one fourth growth is pruned off and, on each main scaffolds well spaced 3-4 secondary branches are selected. After 3-4 years, central leader is headed back and lateral branches are allowed to grow, resulting in the development of a strong and moderately spreading tree. Pruning is restricted to eliminate the dead, diseased and intercrossing branches. Fruits are borne laterally on spurs of one year old shoots. The average productive life of these spurs is 1-12 years, requiring less renewal pruning of spurs. Good canopy shape Canopy Management in Fruit Crops 27
Page 1 and 2: CANOPY MANAGEMENT IN FRUIT CROPS DR
Page 3 and 4: Contents Foreword .................
Page 5 and 6: Vh- uUn dqekj] vkbZ-,-,llfpo T. Nan
Page 7 and 8: xksj[k flag ckxokuh vk;qDr Gorakh S
Page 9 and 10: Introduction Canopy management is o
Page 11 and 12: Principles of Canopy Management Can
Page 13 and 14: Almond In many physiological charac
Page 15 and 16: • Before rejuvenation pruning, br
Page 17 and 18: Apple The plants are trained accord
Page 19 and 20: • • • To check excessive vigo
Page 21 and 22: Apricot Apricot fruits are produced
Page 23 and 24: Avocado Young avocado trees should
Page 25 and 26: Banana In most banana growing regio
Page 27 and 28: • • • • narrow crotches are
Page 29 and 30: Cashew Canopy in cashew, a fast gro
Page 31 and 32: • The yield of bush pruned plants
Page 33: • If plants are properly protecte
Page 37 and 38: Grapefruit The grapefruit plants ar
Page 39 and 40: Pruning Tips • Pruning should be
Page 41 and 42: Sweet Orange Sweet orange trees are
Page 43 and 44: Custard apple Custard apple require
Page 45 and 46: Fig Fig plants require annual pruni
Page 47 and 48: Grape Canopy of grapevine includes
Page 49 and 50: • • • than the requirement. H
Page 51 and 52: Establishing Meadow Orchard • In
Page 53 and 54: • • • The multiple shoots dev
Page 55 and 56: Jamun Jamun plants need to be train
Page 57 and 58: • • • • • • To achieve
Page 59 and 60: Litchi Management of optimum statur
Page 61 and 62: • growth around the bottom of tru
Page 63 and 64: Mango Tree canopy management, espec
Page 65 and 66: • • • • During removal of b
Page 67 and 68: • • • could cause significant
Page 69 and 70: • • • • • Young non beari
Page 71 and 72: Peach Peach fruit is mainly borne o
Page 73 and 74: Pear Proper training and pruning of
Page 75 and 76: Persimmon Persimmon plants are trai
Page 77 and 78: Plum Plum plants are slower than th
Page 79 and 80: Pomegranate Pomegranate has wide ra
Page 81 and 82: Sapota Sapota being an evergreen tr
Page 83 and 84: Walnut Modified central leader syst

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