canopy management in fruit crops - Department of Agriculture & Co ...

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20 Canopy Management in Fruit Crops Carambola In carambola, tree size control is important for retaining fruit production in the lower tree canopies and for facilitating foliar spraying and harvesting. Currently, there are not many recommendations for training young carambola trees in commercial orchards. However, research on mature trees has demonstrated that removing upright limbs during late winter (February/March) and then removing selected new regrowth (shoots) and heading back remaining new shoots to one half of their length in early fall (September/October), can maintain desired tree height without significantly reducing fruit production. • • During the first 1 - 2 years after planting, young trees should be pruned by tipping shoots in excess of 40 - 50 cm to increase branching. If desired, trees may be trained to a modified central leader or open centre configuration. Mature trees may be selectively pruned to maintain trees at 1.5 - 3.5 m height. Selectively removing a few upper limbs back to their origin (crotches) each year will Better fruiting after pruning help prevent the loss of the lower tree canopy due to shading by the upper canopy. • • Well maintained tree canopies In addition, maintaining a smaller tree facilitates tree care and fruit harvesting, makes it easier to spray the tree, and greatly reduces possible storm damage. Do not remove lower tree branches. Pruning done in August may result in fruiting during October, while pruning during November-December allows fruiting during February-April or June.
Cashew Canopy in cashew, a fast growing woody perennial, is characterized by spreading branches and irregular shape. Plantations having trees of irregular canopy shape and size are difficult to manage and thus result in poor nut yield in later years. Plants should be meticulously trained from the first year of orchard life itself so as to derive maximum benefit of high density system of planting and avoid thinning of plants. It is advisable to adopt modified leader system or open centre system of training for plantations with wider spacing in order to avoid overlapping of canopies at later stage of orchard life. Initially, grafts are allowed to grow with a clear single stem up to a height of 75- 100 cm by removing all side branches. Thereafter, branching is allowed in all directions in different whorls up to a height of 3-4 m and subsequently, the central leader is detopped at a height of half of the spacing given between the plants to ensure a semi globular canopy shape. Further, regular trimming of branches and removal of criss cross and low spreading branches should be resorted to in order to maintain the canopy size and shape. • In Modified Leader System, the side sprouts on leaf axils of young grafts are removed periodically during the first year as and when arise and a clear single stem of 0.5-0.75 m from the ground level is maintained and later the trunk is allowed to branch in all the directions. The central leader is detopped at a height of 3-3.5 m and a clear semi globular canopy should be allowed to form. Height of detopping may be decided depending on spacing allotted to plants. Less spaced plants are detopped at a lower height. Modified leader system Canopy Management in Fruit Crops 21
Page 1 and 2: CANOPY MANAGEMENT IN FRUIT CROPS DR
Page 3 and 4: Contents Foreword .................
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Page 7 and 8: xksj[k flag ckxokuh vk;qDr Gorakh S
Page 9 and 10: Introduction Canopy management is o
Page 11 and 12: Principles of Canopy Management Can
Page 13 and 14: Almond In many physiological charac
Page 15 and 16: • Before rejuvenation pruning, br
Page 17 and 18: Apple The plants are trained accord
Page 19 and 20: • • • To check excessive vigo
Page 21 and 22: Apricot Apricot fruits are produced
Page 23 and 24: Avocado Young avocado trees should
Page 25 and 26: Banana In most banana growing regio
Page 27: • • • • narrow crotches are
Page 31 and 32: • The yield of bush pruned plants
Page 33 and 34: • If plants are properly protecte
Page 35 and 36: Cherry Cherry plants require more c
Page 37 and 38: Grapefruit The grapefruit plants ar
Page 39 and 40: Pruning Tips • Pruning should be
Page 41 and 42: Sweet Orange Sweet orange trees are
Page 43 and 44: Custard apple Custard apple require
Page 45 and 46: Fig Fig plants require annual pruni
Page 47 and 48: Grape Canopy of grapevine includes
Page 49 and 50: • • • than the requirement. H
Page 51 and 52: Establishing Meadow Orchard • In
Page 53 and 54: • • • The multiple shoots dev
Page 55 and 56: Jamun Jamun plants need to be train
Page 57 and 58: • • • • • • To achieve
Page 59 and 60: Litchi Management of optimum statur
Page 61 and 62: • growth around the bottom of tru
Page 63 and 64: Mango Tree canopy management, espec
Page 65 and 66: • • • • During removal of b
Page 67 and 68: • • • could cause significant
Page 69 and 70: • • • • • Young non beari
Page 71 and 72: Peach Peach fruit is mainly borne o
Page 73 and 74: Pear Proper training and pruning of
Page 75 and 76: Persimmon Persimmon plants are trai
Page 77 and 78: Plum Plum plants are slower than th
Page 79 and 80:
Pomegranate Pomegranate has wide ra
Page 81 and 82:
Sapota Sapota being an evergreen tr
Page 83 and 84:
Walnut Modified central leader syst
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