canopy management in fruit crops - Department of Agriculture & Co ...

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Objectives of Pruning Pruning is done with two broad objectives. First, to regulate the shape and growth of a tree and second, to enhance the production and quality of fruits. With cultural practices, the plant is made to grow or behave the way orchardist wants it. Within these broad objectives, pruning is employed to achieve any one of the following or other similar purposes. They are to : • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 4 restore shoot : root ratio prevent formation of weak crotches regulate the number and location of main scaffold limbs remove crossing and interfering branches remove water sprouts / suckers regulate growth, vigour and direction of shoots open up the tree canopy regulate growth and fruiting induce regular bearing control size of plants for high-density planting regulate exposure to sunlight increase the size of fruits facilitate orchard operation increase the age of trees rejuvenate old and senile orchards control diseases and pests obtain specific forms. Canopy Management in Fruit Crops
Almond In many physiological characters, especially the tree characters, almond resemble peach. So far its bearing habit is concerned, it is in between peach and domestic plums. The main objective in almonds is to have a large number of fruits. As the bearing is on spurs, it is, necessary to develop the tree in a way that a large number of spurs are formed. Almond produces most of its fruits on short spurs which remain fruitful for about 5 years. Pruning should be planned in such a way that one fifth of fruiting wood is replaced each year. Therefore, pruning should be managed in a manner that new spur growth constantly replaces spurs that are no longer fruitful. Unwanted water sprouts and suckers should be removed. • • • • Plants are headed back 60-70 cm above the ground level 1-2 months after planting. Central modified leader system should be adopted by retaining 3-4 scaffold branches which produce well balanced trees. Strong scaffold limbs can be obtained by maintaining 45-60 crotch angles. In weak crotches, the branches should be tied by strong thread with pegs. One year old wood is pruned each year in December/January when trees are in completely dormant stage. Well managed trees canopies Trees with less than 10-12 years of age should make 20-25cm annual growth, whereas older trees should produce 15cm of new shoot growth each year. In less vigorous older trees, growth can be stimulated by slightly severe pruning. Cut back the top to large lateral limbs and thin out the smaller and weak wood severely. Canopy Management in Fruit Crops 5
Page 1 and 2: CANOPY MANAGEMENT IN FRUIT CROPS DR
Page 3 and 4: Contents Foreword .................
Page 5 and 6: Vh- uUn dqekj] vkbZ-,-,llfpo T. Nan
Page 7 and 8: xksj[k flag ckxokuh vk;qDr Gorakh S
Page 9 and 10: Introduction Canopy management is o
Page 11: Principles of Canopy Management Can
Page 15 and 16: • Before rejuvenation pruning, br
Page 17 and 18: Apple The plants are trained accord
Page 19 and 20: • • • To check excessive vigo
Page 21 and 22: Apricot Apricot fruits are produced
Page 23 and 24: Avocado Young avocado trees should
Page 25 and 26: Banana In most banana growing regio
Page 27 and 28: • • • • narrow crotches are
Page 29 and 30: Cashew Canopy in cashew, a fast gro
Page 31 and 32: • The yield of bush pruned plants
Page 33 and 34: • If plants are properly protecte
Page 35 and 36: Cherry Cherry plants require more c
Page 37 and 38: Grapefruit The grapefruit plants ar
Page 39 and 40: Pruning Tips • Pruning should be
Page 41 and 42: Sweet Orange Sweet orange trees are
Page 43 and 44: Custard apple Custard apple require
Page 45 and 46: Fig Fig plants require annual pruni
Page 47 and 48: Grape Canopy of grapevine includes
Page 49 and 50: • • • than the requirement. H
Page 51 and 52: Establishing Meadow Orchard • In
Page 53 and 54: • • • The multiple shoots dev
Page 55 and 56: Jamun Jamun plants need to be train
Page 57 and 58: • • • • • • To achieve
Page 59 and 60: Litchi Management of optimum statur
Page 61 and 62: • growth around the bottom of tru
Page 63 and 64:
Mango Tree canopy management, espec
Page 65 and 66:
• • • • During removal of b
Page 67 and 68:
• • • could cause significant
Page 69 and 70:
• • • • • Young non beari
Page 71 and 72:
Peach Peach fruit is mainly borne o
Page 73 and 74:
Pear Proper training and pruning of
Page 75 and 76:
Persimmon Persimmon plants are trai
Page 77 and 78:
Plum Plum plants are slower than th
Page 79 and 80:
Pomegranate Pomegranate has wide ra
Page 81 and 82:
Sapota Sapota being an evergreen tr
Page 83 and 84:
Walnut Modified central leader syst
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