“MONSTROUS AND ILLEGAL PROCEEDINGS”: LAW ...

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Flores and his allies now worked to stoke these tensions further. In doing so, they utilized the local factional conflicts swirling around borderlands courtrooms over citizenship claims to provoke renewed confrontations over sovereignty. Inverting Andrés Lamas’ narrative of Brazilian conscriptions of Uruguayan citizens, one common tactic was to accuse blancos of wrongfully impressing Brazilian and Argentine citizens into the armed forces. Such arguments were useful tactics because they joined narratives of Uruguayan disorder with the growing nationalist rhetoric in Argentina and Brazil that aimed to tramp down regional rivals and consolidate central state control. Another example from Salto shows how this process worked. Some five days following Flores’ crossing from Argentina into the Uruguayan borderlands, the Argentine Vice-Counsel in Salto, Juan Coronada, issued a formal complaint to blanco officials. He alleged that many of the soldiers serving in the armed forces were Argentine citizens and exempt from military service. During the next few months, Coronada followed his initial letter with a number of other communications. He identified dozens of alleged Argentines in the blanco armies. Not surprisingly, colorados in Salto provided much of the information for Coronada’s claims. For instance, Coronada indicated that Agustín Sañudo had established the “true” citizenship of several soldiers serving in the local garrison. 78 The factional conflicts over citizenship became even starker when Pastor Tejo replaced Coronada as the Argentine Vice-Counsel in October of 1863. Tejo was a committed colorado and personal enemy of the local blanco leadership. Already, Tejo’s brother, Angel, had engaged in prolonged disputes with Lucas Piris over the confiscation of                                                          78 Vice-Consulado al Señor D. Antonio Sagarra, Gefe Político del Departamento, AGN. Salto. Jefatura (June 22, 1863), 1; Vice-Consulado al Señor D. Antonio Sagarra, Gefe Político del Departamento, AGN. Salto. Jefatura (July 30, 1863), 1-2; Vice-Consulado al Señor D. Antonio Sagarra, Gefe Político del Departamento, AGN. Salto. Jefatura (August 5, 1863), 1. 292   
his cattle in 1858. 79 Recall also that Angel had clashed with Diego Lamas over allegations that Manuel Cristobo had stolen some two ounces of gold from Miguel Gelabert, the correntino merchant. 80 By 1863, Angel had joined Flores’ revolution. With his brother openly opposing the government militarily, Pastor Tejo used his position as Vice-Counsel to attack Piris and the other blancos in the town legally. Citizenship was Pastor’s chief weapon. Antonio Sagarra, the acting blanco commander in Salto, accused Tejo of being the “hidden hand” trying to obtain the release of several of his former peons conscripted from his brother Angel’s ranch on the spurious grounds that they were Argentine citizens. Sagarra noted that the men in question had actively conspired against the government along with their patron. He had offered them the opportunity to avoid treason charges by agreeing to serve in the government’s forces. Pastor now was attempting to use his position as Vice- Counsel to interfere with the just resolution of their cases. 81 Ultimately, the Uruguayan government ordered Pastor to abandon his post when it severed diplomatic relations with the Argentine government. Almost immediately, Joaquim María Viana, the Brazilian Vice- Counsel in Salto, stepped in to fill the void created by Pastor’s departure. He declared in a letter to the salteño government that the Argentine citizens remaining in the town should now be “considered under the protection of the Government of His Majesty the Emperor of Brazil.” 82                                                          79 Lucas Piris al Sor Gefe Político interino del Departamento del Salto D. Bernardino Alcain, AGN. Salto. Jefatura (March 30, 1858). 80 Miguel V. Gelabert al Sor. Gregorio Valdés (September 11, 1858). 81 Gefatura Política del Departamento Antonio Sagarra al Sor. Comandante Militar del Norte del Río Negro Brid. Gen. D. Diego Lamas, AGN. Salto. Jefatura (October 23, 1863). 82 Vice-Consulado do Brasil Joaquim María Viana al Señor Gefe Política y de Policía del departamento del Salto, Caballero D. Antonio Sagarra, AGN. Salto. Jefatura (December 24, 1863), 1. 293   
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“MONSTROUS AND ILLEGAL PROCEEDING
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ABSTRACT This dissertation explores
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT iii ACKN
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Like the wandering
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Upon returning to the United States
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INTRODUCTION IN EARLY 1828, A FRENC
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Juan Manuel de Rosas and Facundo Qu
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By moving between stories of law an
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in the continental interior. They d
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the fluid character of borderlands
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and geographic conceptions. Extendi
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local legal norms and practices in
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that has greatly expanded the space
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along rivertine trading corridors.
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strains articulated by men like Art
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Bringing the courts back into the s
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of borderlands leaders to negotiate
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Removing the old colonial order, ho
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the city remained a sparsely popula
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smugglers and other imperial outlaw
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Imperial Collapse and Fragmentation
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ivers, deserts and a few vagrant an
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defend its possessions, peninsular
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They requested that the Junta appoi
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manufactured products for the Andea
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The Paraguayan government proposed
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Montevideo in January of 1811, he i
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Ríos. From there, he continued to
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easoning. 25 They had rejected the
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military headquarters along the ban
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sovereignty rooted in borderlands p
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Artigas’ defeat did not spell the
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economy. By 1822, the powerful merc
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universal laws that would further r
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Pedro abdicated the throne in 1831,
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CHAPTER 2 THE (RE)EMERGENCE OF BORD
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operate throughout the borderlands
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and staple exports instead of the o
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Ríos in particular witnessed a dra
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goods as far north as the cities of
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simmering struggles. By 1840, local
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merchants, traders and landowners.
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earning the faction’s colorado ti
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Guarch’s deal with Carvalho revea
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web of reciprocal relationships tha
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the border in Brazil. In this way,
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In short, over the course of a deca
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that he had employed to first arran
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opposite direction from Porto Alegr
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Pinto sought to have the property d
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dealings with Vázquez and the Carv
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Ríos or by ship to Montero’s out
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alliances with the blancos to open
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connections up and down the river t
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With his money now in limbo and his
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honorable merchant. His associates
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meant more than establishing a docu
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Uruguaiana and Salto. 80 Chaves and
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complex laws “that they only unde
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were considered suspect, particular
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status. Public recognition of one
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They reasoned that “one has to re
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unanimous and respected testimony o
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powerful figures like Urquiza, depe
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CHAPTER 3 SOVEREIGN CONFLICTS THE R
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conflicts between peripheral ranche
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further agreed to provide payments
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Sosa almost immediately responded.
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funds, the imperial government took
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Throughout the early 1830s, the Uru
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Fernandes Braga, the provincial pre
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Frustrated by the lack of progress,
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cataloguing illegal property confis
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also provided prominent local elite
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As the 1850s dawned, the persistent
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traffic along the Uruguay. Rosas fi
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would order, they intend to be resp
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economic and political relationship
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fed back into broader political dis
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advance their visions for a new nat
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Estado Oriental and had fought at C
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Brazilian officials opened secret n
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The 1855 occupation reinvigorated e
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end political violence in the inter
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important) but also dealt with defi
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Ribeiros, Prado Lima possessed land
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move to Alegrete were unclear. Duri
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verification of filings in his foru
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“intimate friend and relative.”
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men. They were capable of protectin
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Nolasco and Vianna responded that t
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in 1834. Joaquim dos Santos Prado L
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Vital de Oliveira, securing his ele
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controlled the appointment of distr
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military control. By engaging in th
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faction’s strength. In particular
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mattered greatly to their own power
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the parties and the public, with ea
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matter, he was an outsider. Tristan
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Tristani then attempted to attack h
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litigation in Alegrete, questions o
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throughout the country that his wor
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his wife. He claimed that she “wa
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and the titles of each litigant in
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judgment declaring their rival’s
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CHAPTER 5 POLITICAL POWER AND PROPE
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property of Joaquim dos Santos Prad
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acknowledged by both court and poss
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Paulo, Sá Brito was one of the few
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Teixeira claimed that Prado Lima ha
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the trial court’s judgment. The c
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lands in question in 1833. The cour
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The appearance of testimony by Prad
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of cattle from the da Silva’s lan
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[Lima] contracted with an untrained
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that department, Colonel Diego Lama
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vizinho” in Alegrete’s courts o
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Brigadier Don David Canavarro . . .
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assistance, Garces won her case aga
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Brazil. Berro ended a decade of fre
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coexistence of these provincial and
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Urquiza’s efforts to placate his
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and elites now supported Urquiza’
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province within the national framew
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porteño cavalry at Cepeda and Pav
Page 251 and 252: The correntino merchants responded
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Page 255 and 256: etween himself and Abendaño, howev
Page 257 and 258: complete the exchange, however, Bic
Page 259 and 260: side sought to dictate the distribu
Page 261 and 262: Bica had used commercial and politi
Page 263 and 264: The incident also revealed how impe
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Page 267 and 268: Borderlands inhabitants in the earl
Page 269 and 270: neatly encapsulated the ongoing con
Page 271 and 272: for Brazilian ranchers. In the best
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Page 277 and 278: familial connections on the Brazili
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Page 281 and 282: supply his troops. 26 By the time o
Page 283 and 284: Brazilian masters that resulted in
Page 285 and 286: pursue further rights. They would p
Page 287 and 288: in the Estado Oriental. At the hear
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Page 291 and 292: part of a broader narrative of conf
Page 293 and 294: anything, Orientales.” 56 Gomez
Page 295 and 296: anchers, like that of local Uruguay
Page 297 and 298: “complete proof of oriental natio
Page 299 and 300: Uruguayan notaries. These included
Page 301: Republic over issues of rivertine t
Page 305 and 306: of warfare in the borderlands furth
Page 307 and 308: In effect, he hoped to exchange loy
Page 309 and 310: guarantee their commercial relation
Page 311 and 312: governments in Montevideo and Brazi
Page 313 and 314: nineteen in the provincial militia
Page 315 and 316: authority to contain the more radic
Page 317 and 318: captured the city of Corrientes. To
Page 319 and 320: Urquiza struggled to reorganize his
Page 321 and 322: attle in March of 1870. 29 By the e
Page 323 and 324: The national government sent an “
Page 325 and 326: the reciprocal trading relationship
Page 327 and 328: splintered into “traditional” a
Page 329 and 330: country’s ranching elites. In res
Page 331 and 332: these absurd and unwarranted charge
Page 333 and 334: protect “the development of those
Page 335 and 336: police forces to better protect cat
Page 337 and 338: conspiracies, the steady stream of
Page 339 and 340: matter was overblown and that repor
Page 341 and 342: CHAPTER 8 NEGOTIATING NATIONS ALTHO
Page 343 and 344: Local Legal Practices and National
Page 345 and 346: pointed link between the “honor
Page 347 and 348: personal interests, Guarch’s fact
Page 349 and 350: Guarch first sought to tip the scal
Page 351 and 352: following the order designated by t
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history in 1877. 24 Salto’s first
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twenty-five peso fine. 29 Leal prom
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serves?” 36 He continued: “Does
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abuses “no doubt flowed from the
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political allegiances. Within the f
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Operating within this relationship,
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By the dawn of the 1880s, national
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ejected this evidence, however, fin
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with his son-in-law Alexander da Cr
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not only to affirm these local find
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olster the positions of important l
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CONCLUSION IN 1887, THE GREAT URUGU
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elationships and secure local court
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economies to the forces of global c
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ARGENTINA ARCHIVES CONSULTED BIBLIO
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PUBLISHED PRIMARY AND SECONDARY MAT
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Cárcano, Ramón J. Guerra del Para
Page 387 and 388:
Flores, Mariana Flores da Cunha Tho
Page 389 and 390:
Lasso, Marixa. Myths of Harmony: Ra
Page 391 and 392:
Piccolo, Helga I. L. "A Política R
Page 393 and 394:
Schultz, Kirsten. Tropical Versaill
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