“MONSTROUS AND ILLEGAL PROCEEDINGS”: LAW ...

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Cases like Lima’s and Ylla’s provided significant incentives for Canabarro and the Ribeiros’ to use their substantial political and judicial power to dictate the property rights of their allies across the border. Each side struggled to influence events in Uruguayan courtrooms in order to establish their ability to dictate property rights back across the border in Alegrete. In the process, they further fueled factional violence in the neighboring republic. As conflicts across the border deepened in the early 1860s, Canabarro and the Ribeiros worked to position themselves to benefit through their support for their colorado allies. In doing so, they enhanced their ability to deploy resources in their political struggles back in Brazil. The 1863 Flores invasion marked a moment in which the local struggles over borderlands legalities in Alegrete, Salto and the southern correntino borderlands all converged with broader sovereign struggles. The reciprocal ties that sustained cross-border property rights and commercial relationships pulled powerful figures like the Ribeiros, Canabarro and even Mitre into sharp local clashes to define legal relationships. At the same time, the clashes between them to secure their own political authority regionally and in Mitre’s case nationally, propelled further conflicts in borderlands courts over legal relationships forward. The northern Uruguayan borderlands became a crossroads where numerous actors labored to define property rights, factional associations and national systems simultaneously. With Flores’ campaign underway, the layers of local, national and international conflicts further elevated the stakes throughout the periphery. A final, climatic clash to define private law rights and national sovereignties in the borderlands loomed. Conclusion                                                          Político y de Policía del Departamento Coronel D. José A. Reyes, AGN. Salto. Jefatura (February 24, 1869); Al Señor Gefe Politico y de Policia del Departamento Coronel D. Eugenio Castro, AGN. Salto. Jefatura (September 1, 1869).   256   
Borderlands inhabitants in the early 1860s moved through a region in which local factions doggedly fought over the allocation of property rights. These local struggles in turn converged with persistent sovereign frictions. To prevail, merchants and landowners reached out to political allies throughout the borderlands to sustain their personal reputations and properties. Powerful figures like Canabarro, Bica and Mitre equally sought to use local divisions over control of borderlands courtrooms and private law rights to enhance their authority and build support for their sovereign visions. The result was that even mundane decisions over property boundaries could trigger conflicts throughout the borderlands as powerful rivals jostled to secure allies in their incessant factional and sovereign clashes. As these conflicts among elites grew progressively sharper, subaltern groups throughout the Río de la Plata also began to exploit elite divisions to win their own legal rights. Brazilian slaves proved especially adroit at utilizing elite divisions around the courthouse and over sovereignty to improve their standing. Their strategic use of elements of borderlands legalities to win their freedom, however, added further fuel to the escalating political fires in the borderlands. The next chapter turns to these the interconnected struggles over slavery, sovereignty and citizenship as they pushed the Río de la Plata borderlands ever closer towards renewed warfare.   257   
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“MONSTROUS AND ILLEGAL PROCEEDING
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ABSTRACT This dissertation explores
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT iii ACKN
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Like the wandering
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Upon returning to the United States
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INTRODUCTION IN EARLY 1828, A FRENC
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Juan Manuel de Rosas and Facundo Qu
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By moving between stories of law an
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in the continental interior. They d
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the fluid character of borderlands
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and geographic conceptions. Extendi
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local legal norms and practices in
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that has greatly expanded the space
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along rivertine trading corridors.
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strains articulated by men like Art
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Bringing the courts back into the s
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of borderlands leaders to negotiate
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Removing the old colonial order, ho
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the city remained a sparsely popula
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smugglers and other imperial outlaw
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Imperial Collapse and Fragmentation
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ivers, deserts and a few vagrant an
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defend its possessions, peninsular
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They requested that the Junta appoi
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manufactured products for the Andea
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The Paraguayan government proposed
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Montevideo in January of 1811, he i
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Ríos. From there, he continued to
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easoning. 25 They had rejected the
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military headquarters along the ban
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sovereignty rooted in borderlands p
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Artigas’ defeat did not spell the
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economy. By 1822, the powerful merc
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universal laws that would further r
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Pedro abdicated the throne in 1831,
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CHAPTER 2 THE (RE)EMERGENCE OF BORD
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operate throughout the borderlands
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and staple exports instead of the o
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Ríos in particular witnessed a dra
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goods as far north as the cities of
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simmering struggles. By 1840, local
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merchants, traders and landowners.
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earning the faction’s colorado ti
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Guarch’s deal with Carvalho revea
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web of reciprocal relationships tha
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the border in Brazil. In this way,
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In short, over the course of a deca
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that he had employed to first arran
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opposite direction from Porto Alegr
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Pinto sought to have the property d
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dealings with Vázquez and the Carv
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Ríos or by ship to Montero’s out
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alliances with the blancos to open
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connections up and down the river t
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With his money now in limbo and his
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honorable merchant. His associates
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meant more than establishing a docu
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Uruguaiana and Salto. 80 Chaves and
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complex laws “that they only unde
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were considered suspect, particular
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status. Public recognition of one
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They reasoned that “one has to re
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unanimous and respected testimony o
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powerful figures like Urquiza, depe
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CHAPTER 3 SOVEREIGN CONFLICTS THE R
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conflicts between peripheral ranche
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further agreed to provide payments
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Sosa almost immediately responded.
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funds, the imperial government took
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Throughout the early 1830s, the Uru
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Fernandes Braga, the provincial pre
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Frustrated by the lack of progress,
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cataloguing illegal property confis
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also provided prominent local elite
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As the 1850s dawned, the persistent
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traffic along the Uruguay. Rosas fi
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would order, they intend to be resp
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economic and political relationship
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fed back into broader political dis
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advance their visions for a new nat
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Estado Oriental and had fought at C
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Brazilian officials opened secret n
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The 1855 occupation reinvigorated e
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end political violence in the inter
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important) but also dealt with defi
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Ribeiros, Prado Lima possessed land
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move to Alegrete were unclear. Duri
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verification of filings in his foru
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“intimate friend and relative.”
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men. They were capable of protectin
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Nolasco and Vianna responded that t
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in 1834. Joaquim dos Santos Prado L
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Vital de Oliveira, securing his ele
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controlled the appointment of distr
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military control. By engaging in th
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faction’s strength. In particular
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mattered greatly to their own power
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the parties and the public, with ea
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matter, he was an outsider. Tristan
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Tristani then attempted to attack h
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litigation in Alegrete, questions o
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throughout the country that his wor
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his wife. He claimed that she “wa
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and the titles of each litigant in
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judgment declaring their rival’s
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CHAPTER 5 POLITICAL POWER AND PROPE
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property of Joaquim dos Santos Prad
Page 215 and 216: acknowledged by both court and poss
Page 217 and 218: Paulo, Sá Brito was one of the few
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Page 221 and 222: the trial court’s judgment. The c
Page 223 and 224: lands in question in 1833. The cour
Page 225 and 226: The appearance of testimony by Prad
Page 227 and 228: of cattle from the da Silva’s lan
Page 229 and 230: [Lima] contracted with an untrained
Page 231 and 232: that department, Colonel Diego Lama
Page 233 and 234: vizinho” in Alegrete’s courts o
Page 235 and 236: Brigadier Don David Canavarro . . .
Page 237 and 238: assistance, Garces won her case aga
Page 239 and 240: Brazil. Berro ended a decade of fre
Page 241 and 242: coexistence of these provincial and
Page 243 and 244: Urquiza’s efforts to placate his
Page 245 and 246: and elites now supported Urquiza’
Page 247 and 248: province within the national framew
Page 249 and 250: porteño cavalry at Cepeda and Pav
Page 251 and 252: The correntino merchants responded
Page 253 and 254: assembling witnesses (in this case,
Page 255 and 256: etween himself and Abendaño, howev
Page 257 and 258: complete the exchange, however, Bic
Page 259 and 260: side sought to dictate the distribu
Page 261 and 262: Bica had used commercial and politi
Page 263 and 264: The incident also revealed how impe
Page 265: positioned the Ribeiro faction to g
Page 269 and 270: neatly encapsulated the ongoing con
Page 271 and 272: for Brazilian ranchers. In the best
Page 273 and 274: anchers operating throughout the bo
Page 275 and 276: Brazilian slave laws followed them
Page 277 and 278: familial connections on the Brazili
Page 279 and 280: defined their respective places in
Page 281 and 282: supply his troops. 26 By the time o
Page 283 and 284: Brazilian masters that resulted in
Page 285 and 286: pursue further rights. They would p
Page 287 and 288: in the Estado Oriental. At the hear
Page 289 and 290: was also a personal enemy of Canaba
Page 291 and 292: part of a broader narrative of conf
Page 293 and 294: anything, Orientales.” 56 Gomez
Page 295 and 296: anchers, like that of local Uruguay
Page 297 and 298: “complete proof of oriental natio
Page 299 and 300: Uruguayan notaries. These included
Page 301 and 302: Republic over issues of rivertine t
Page 303 and 304: his cattle in 1858. 79 Recall also
Page 305 and 306: of warfare in the borderlands furth
Page 307 and 308: In effect, he hoped to exchange loy
Page 309 and 310: guarantee their commercial relation
Page 311 and 312: governments in Montevideo and Brazi
Page 313 and 314: nineteen in the provincial militia
Page 315 and 316: authority to contain the more radic
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captured the city of Corrientes. To
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Urquiza struggled to reorganize his
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attle in March of 1870. 29 By the e
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The national government sent an “
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the reciprocal trading relationship
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splintered into “traditional” a
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country’s ranching elites. In res
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these absurd and unwarranted charge
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protect “the development of those
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police forces to better protect cat
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conspiracies, the steady stream of
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matter was overblown and that repor
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CHAPTER 8 NEGOTIATING NATIONS ALTHO
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Local Legal Practices and National
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pointed link between the “honor
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personal interests, Guarch’s fact
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Guarch first sought to tip the scal
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following the order designated by t
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history in 1877. 24 Salto’s first
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twenty-five peso fine. 29 Leal prom
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serves?” 36 He continued: “Does
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abuses “no doubt flowed from the
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political allegiances. Within the f
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Operating within this relationship,
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By the dawn of the 1880s, national
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ejected this evidence, however, fin
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with his son-in-law Alexander da Cr
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not only to affirm these local find
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olster the positions of important l
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CONCLUSION IN 1887, THE GREAT URUGU
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elationships and secure local court
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economies to the forces of global c
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ARGENTINA ARCHIVES CONSULTED BIBLIO
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PUBLISHED PRIMARY AND SECONDARY MAT
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Cárcano, Ramón J. Guerra del Para
Page 387 and 388:
Flores, Mariana Flores da Cunha Tho
Page 389 and 390:
Lasso, Marixa. Myths of Harmony: Ra
Page 391 and 392:
Piccolo, Helga I. L. "A Política R
Page 393 and 394:
Schultz, Kirsten. Tropical Versaill
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