“MONSTROUS AND ILLEGAL PROCEEDINGS”: LAW ...

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continued ability of a landowner’s chosen faction to control the courts. Monstrous and illegal proceedings lurked behind the local factional struggles over borderlands legalities. The conflicts between Prado Lima and Teixeira reflected the centrality of personal standing within the community to the vindication of legal rights. As we have seen, however, the intensely local nature of borderlands legalities operated alongside chains of reciprocal connections that stitched the contested region together. Given the integrated nature of the borderlands, local clashes to manifest reciprocal allegiances, declare personal status and define substantive rights readily flowed across putative national boundaries. As the 1850s progressed, the property rights of Brazilian ranchers across the border in Uruguay became embroiled in struggles to control the administration of justice in Alegrete and throughout the Brazilian campanha. These factional clashes over the definition of property rights would once again propel the long-standing sovereign frictions over the borderlands forward. Borderlands Legalities Across Borders As the sustained assault on Prado Lima’s property claims revealed, dictating the boundaries of private law rights offered an important source of political power for factions controlling courthouses in the borderlands. Yet while Prado Lima struggled in Alegrete to retain “his” lands in that forum, he equally worked to disentangle the rights of his commercial associates and factional allies across the border. In 1847, Prado Lima intervened in an ongoing dispute over Agustín Guarch’s estate. Eventually letters from Prado Lima, Sá Brito and Manuel Dória da Luz found their way to the courts in Montevideo. The evidence permitted Guarch’s widow and her colorado allies to secure title to her deceased husband’s properties. 139                                                          139 D. Luis Miraglia por Doña Augustina Guarch y D. Julian Subsiela sobre liquidación y arreglo de cuentas.   214   
The appearance of testimony by Prado Lima and his judicial allies in the distant Montevideo courts suggests that the importance of personal reputations and reciprocal ties did not stop at national borders. The integrated nature borderlands legalities ensured that declarations of property rights in one forum critically influenced substantive legal rights in others. For the numerous Brazilian ranchers residing across the border in the Estado Oriental in particular, the local legal struggles in Alegrete had the potential to shape their legal rights. Frequent warfare and continuing political instability had made property boundaries in the Uruguayan Republic even more blurred than in Brazil. Brazilian ranchers struggled, often with each other, to define their respective rights in Uruguay. In doing so, they equally looked to factional connections back in Brazil to win legal recognition for their claims. This opened further spaces for powerful figures like the Ribeiros and David Canabarro to use the courts to bolster their political alliances, personal reputations and reciprocal ties. From this perspective, it is not surprising to see Prado Lima active in property cases on both sides of the border. Securing judicial victories for political allies, even in tribunals as far away as Montevideo, cemented cross-border webs of reciprocal connections that could be subsequently deployed in local struggles. The prolonged dispute between Manoel de Almeida Lima and Manoel Rodrigues da Silva provides an example of how factional legal conflicts behind borders played a critical role in establishing substantive legal rights across the borderlands. 140 At the same time, it equally suggests how providing local justice to political allies in the borderlands could propel cross-border conflicts forward. Like many cases in the 1850s, the conflict between Lima and da Silva had its origins in the borderlands wars of the 1840s. Lima testified that in 1842 he                                                          140 Manoel de Almeida Lima c. Manoel Rodrigues da Silva, APRGS. Alegrete. Cartório Civil e Crime. Ações Ordinarias, Maço 35, No. 848 (1855).   215   
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“MONSTROUS AND ILLEGAL PROCEEDING
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ABSTRACT This dissertation explores
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT iii ACKN
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Like the wandering
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Upon returning to the United States
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INTRODUCTION IN EARLY 1828, A FRENC
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Juan Manuel de Rosas and Facundo Qu
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By moving between stories of law an
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in the continental interior. They d
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the fluid character of borderlands
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and geographic conceptions. Extendi
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local legal norms and practices in
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that has greatly expanded the space
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along rivertine trading corridors.
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strains articulated by men like Art
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Bringing the courts back into the s
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of borderlands leaders to negotiate
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Removing the old colonial order, ho
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the city remained a sparsely popula
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smugglers and other imperial outlaw
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Imperial Collapse and Fragmentation
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ivers, deserts and a few vagrant an
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defend its possessions, peninsular
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They requested that the Junta appoi
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manufactured products for the Andea
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The Paraguayan government proposed
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Montevideo in January of 1811, he i
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Ríos. From there, he continued to
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easoning. 25 They had rejected the
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military headquarters along the ban
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sovereignty rooted in borderlands p
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Artigas’ defeat did not spell the
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economy. By 1822, the powerful merc
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universal laws that would further r
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Pedro abdicated the throne in 1831,
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CHAPTER 2 THE (RE)EMERGENCE OF BORD
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operate throughout the borderlands
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and staple exports instead of the o
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Ríos in particular witnessed a dra
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goods as far north as the cities of
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simmering struggles. By 1840, local
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merchants, traders and landowners.
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earning the faction’s colorado ti
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Guarch’s deal with Carvalho revea
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web of reciprocal relationships tha
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the border in Brazil. In this way,
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In short, over the course of a deca
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that he had employed to first arran
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opposite direction from Porto Alegr
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Pinto sought to have the property d
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dealings with Vázquez and the Carv
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Ríos or by ship to Montero’s out
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alliances with the blancos to open
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connections up and down the river t
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With his money now in limbo and his
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honorable merchant. His associates
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meant more than establishing a docu
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Uruguaiana and Salto. 80 Chaves and
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complex laws “that they only unde
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were considered suspect, particular
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status. Public recognition of one
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They reasoned that “one has to re
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unanimous and respected testimony o
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powerful figures like Urquiza, depe
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CHAPTER 3 SOVEREIGN CONFLICTS THE R
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conflicts between peripheral ranche
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further agreed to provide payments
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Sosa almost immediately responded.
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funds, the imperial government took
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Throughout the early 1830s, the Uru
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Fernandes Braga, the provincial pre
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Frustrated by the lack of progress,
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cataloguing illegal property confis
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also provided prominent local elite
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As the 1850s dawned, the persistent
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traffic along the Uruguay. Rosas fi
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would order, they intend to be resp
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economic and political relationship
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fed back into broader political dis
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advance their visions for a new nat
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Estado Oriental and had fought at C
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Brazilian officials opened secret n
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The 1855 occupation reinvigorated e
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end political violence in the inter
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important) but also dealt with defi
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Ribeiros, Prado Lima possessed land
Page 173 and 174: move to Alegrete were unclear. Duri
Page 175 and 176: verification of filings in his foru
Page 177 and 178: “intimate friend and relative.”
Page 179 and 180: men. They were capable of protectin
Page 181 and 182: Nolasco and Vianna responded that t
Page 183 and 184: in 1834. Joaquim dos Santos Prado L
Page 185 and 186: Vital de Oliveira, securing his ele
Page 187 and 188: controlled the appointment of distr
Page 189 and 190: military control. By engaging in th
Page 191 and 192: faction’s strength. In particular
Page 193 and 194: mattered greatly to their own power
Page 195 and 196: the parties and the public, with ea
Page 197 and 198: matter, he was an outsider. Tristan
Page 199 and 200: Tristani then attempted to attack h
Page 201 and 202: litigation in Alegrete, questions o
Page 203 and 204: throughout the country that his wor
Page 205 and 206: his wife. He claimed that she “wa
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Page 211 and 212: CHAPTER 5 POLITICAL POWER AND PROPE
Page 213 and 214: property of Joaquim dos Santos Prad
Page 215 and 216: acknowledged by both court and poss
Page 217 and 218: Paulo, Sá Brito was one of the few
Page 219 and 220: Teixeira claimed that Prado Lima ha
Page 221 and 222: the trial court’s judgment. The c
Page 223: lands in question in 1833. The cour
Page 227 and 228: of cattle from the da Silva’s lan
Page 229 and 230: [Lima] contracted with an untrained
Page 231 and 232: that department, Colonel Diego Lama
Page 233 and 234: vizinho” in Alegrete’s courts o
Page 235 and 236: Brigadier Don David Canavarro . . .
Page 237 and 238: assistance, Garces won her case aga
Page 239 and 240: Brazil. Berro ended a decade of fre
Page 241 and 242: coexistence of these provincial and
Page 243 and 244: Urquiza’s efforts to placate his
Page 245 and 246: and elites now supported Urquiza’
Page 247 and 248: province within the national framew
Page 249 and 250: porteño cavalry at Cepeda and Pav
Page 251 and 252: The correntino merchants responded
Page 253 and 254: assembling witnesses (in this case,
Page 255 and 256: etween himself and Abendaño, howev
Page 257 and 258: complete the exchange, however, Bic
Page 259 and 260: side sought to dictate the distribu
Page 261 and 262: Bica had used commercial and politi
Page 263 and 264: The incident also revealed how impe
Page 265 and 266: positioned the Ribeiro faction to g
Page 267 and 268: Borderlands inhabitants in the earl
Page 269 and 270: neatly encapsulated the ongoing con
Page 271 and 272: for Brazilian ranchers. In the best
Page 273 and 274: anchers operating throughout the bo
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Brazilian slave laws followed them
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familial connections on the Brazili
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defined their respective places in
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supply his troops. 26 By the time o
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Brazilian masters that resulted in
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pursue further rights. They would p
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in the Estado Oriental. At the hear
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was also a personal enemy of Canaba
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part of a broader narrative of conf
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anything, Orientales.” 56 Gomez
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anchers, like that of local Uruguay
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“complete proof of oriental natio
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Uruguayan notaries. These included
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Republic over issues of rivertine t
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his cattle in 1858. 79 Recall also
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of warfare in the borderlands furth
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In effect, he hoped to exchange loy
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guarantee their commercial relation
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governments in Montevideo and Brazi
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nineteen in the provincial militia
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authority to contain the more radic
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captured the city of Corrientes. To
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Urquiza struggled to reorganize his
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attle in March of 1870. 29 By the e
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The national government sent an “
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the reciprocal trading relationship
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splintered into “traditional” a
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country’s ranching elites. In res
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these absurd and unwarranted charge
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protect “the development of those
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police forces to better protect cat
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conspiracies, the steady stream of
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matter was overblown and that repor
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CHAPTER 8 NEGOTIATING NATIONS ALTHO
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Local Legal Practices and National
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pointed link between the “honor
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personal interests, Guarch’s fact
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Guarch first sought to tip the scal
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following the order designated by t
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history in 1877. 24 Salto’s first
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twenty-five peso fine. 29 Leal prom
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serves?” 36 He continued: “Does
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abuses “no doubt flowed from the
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political allegiances. Within the f
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Operating within this relationship,
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By the dawn of the 1880s, national
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ejected this evidence, however, fin
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with his son-in-law Alexander da Cr
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not only to affirm these local find
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olster the positions of important l
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CONCLUSION IN 1887, THE GREAT URUGU
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elationships and secure local court
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economies to the forces of global c
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ARGENTINA ARCHIVES CONSULTED BIBLIO
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PUBLISHED PRIMARY AND SECONDARY MAT
Page 385 and 386:
Cárcano, Ramón J. Guerra del Para
Page 387 and 388:
Flores, Mariana Flores da Cunha Tho
Page 389 and 390:
Lasso, Marixa. Myths of Harmony: Ra
Page 391 and 392:
Piccolo, Helga I. L. "A Política R
Page 393 and 394:
Schultz, Kirsten. Tropical Versaill
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