chemistry - AeL - Advanced eLearning

The Atom. Chemical Element. Chemical Symbol 

• Recommended for one hour of teaching. AeL Code: 112. 

1. Introductive Terms 

2. Nucleus Structure 

3. The Electronic Shield of an Atom 

4. Chemical Element. Chemical Symbol 

5. Applications 

chemistry

Chemical Calculations 

• Recommended for two hours of teaching. AeL Code: 119. 

1. Reactions 

2. Application: Sollution Mix 

3. Application: Obtaining Ca(OH)2 

4. Application: Calcium Carbonate Reaction to 

chlorhydric acid 

5. Application: Thermit Reaction 


Experimental Determination of Physical Properties 


1. Density and solubility 

2. Experimental Determination of the Melting 

Temperature for Ice 

3. Determination of the Melting Temperature for 

Stearic Acid 

4. Experimental Determination of the Boiling 

Temperature for Water 

5. Determination of the Boiling Temperature for 

Ethyl Alcohol 

6. Study of the Physical Properties of Diamond 


Chemical Equations 



2. Sodium Reaction to Water 

3. Obtaining Aluminium Hydroxide 

4. Interactive Test 


Chemical Formulas 



2. Molecular Formulas of Ternary Compounds 



Instruments of the Chemistry Laboratory 


1. The classification of Lab Instruments 

2. Handling Heat Sources and Glass Vessels 

3. The Instruments Used for Distillation 


The Electron Shell of an Atom 

• Recommended for three hours of teaching. AeL Code: 140. 

1. Configuration of the Electron Shield 

2. The Periodic Table of Elements 

3. The Periodic Table 

4. Elements' Position in the Periodic Table 

5. Applications (1) 

6. Applications (2) 

7. Structure of the Periodic Table of Elements 

8. Structure of the periodic table of elements - 

Application 

9. The Valence 

10. The Valence - Application 


Ions and Molecules 


1. Positive Ions. Negative Ions. 

2. The Forming of Molecules 

3. Application 


Solutions 



2. The Study of the Factors Influencing Solubility 

3. Clasifying Solutions 



Types of Chemical Reactions (1) 


1. The Exchange Reaction: Introductive Data 

2. The Exchange Reaction: Analytical Reactions 

3. Exchange Reaction: Precipitate Formation 

4. Exchange Reaction: Work Task 

5. Combination Reaction: Introductive Terms 

6. Combination Reaction: Exothermic Reactions 

7. Combination Reaction: Interactive Test 


Ions. Ionic Compounds 


1. Definition of Ions and Ionization Process 

2. Ionization Process â?" Exercise 

3. Electrolysis application â?" the Silvering Process 

4. The Electric Conductibility of Ionic Compounds 


Types of Chemical Reactions (2) 


1. The decomposing reaction 

2. Lighting fire without matches 

3. Decomposing the calcium carbonate 

4. Potasium chlorate reaction 

5. Substitution Reaction 



Mixtures and Separation Methods 


1. How to Obtain a Mixture 

2. Homogenous and Inhomogenous Mixtures 

3. Gaseous Mixture 

4. Homogenous and inhomogenous mixtures: Test 

5. Properties of Mixtures 

6. General Features of a Mixture: Test 

7. Mixtures between Components with the Same 

State of Aggregation 

8. Mixtures between Components with Different 

States of Aggregation 

9. The Everyday Life Mixtures 

10. Possibilities of Separating Mixtures 

11. Separation of Substances in a Solid-Liquid 

Mixture by Filtering 

12. Separation of the Components of a Mixture by 

Crystallization 


Physical Methods for Purifying Substances 


1. Pure Substances and Impure Substances 

2. Purifying Substances by Distillation 

3. Purifying Substances by Sublimation 

4. Separation of Substances Based on Solubility 

differences 

5. Test 


Physical Phenomena and Properties 


1. The Matter is in a Continuous Movement, 

Transformation and Change 

2. Types of Physical Phenomena 

3. Transformation of Substances with Composition 

Changes 

4. Iodine Sublimation 

5. Substances States of Aggregation 

6. Changing the Shape of a Body 

7. Differentiation between the Measurable and 

Observable Physical Properties 

8. Density Determination 

9. Determination of the Melting Point 

10. Determination of the Boiling Point 

11. Electrical Conductivity 



Chemical Phenomena and Properties 


1. Transformations of Substances with the 

Changing of Composition 

2. Defining the Chemical Phenomenon 

3. Corrosion 

4. Methods for Corrosion Prevention 

5. Test 

6. Importance of Plants for Life 

7. Chemistry Branches 

8. Final Test 


The Atom and its Structure 


1. Substances are made of atoms 

2. Atoms can't be divided by usual physical means 

3. The Atom: an Extremely Small Particle 

4. The Atom's Structure 

5. Atomic Weight. Atomic Number 

6. Representation 

7. Interactive Test (1) 



10. Final Test 


Solutions (2) 


1. Substances that Dissolve and Substances that 

do not Dissolve in Water 

2. Defining the Solution and the Solution 

Components 

3. Solutions: Classification 

4. Factors that Favor the Dissolution of a Solid in 

Water 

5. Thermal Effects Accompanying Dissolution 

6. Substances Solubility 



The Mass Procentage Concentration of Solutions 


1. Obtaining a Sollution of a Given COncentration 

2. Obtaining a Certain Amount of a Sollution with a 

Given Concentration 

3. Obtaining a Sollution using a Given Amount of 

Substance 

4. Obtaining Saline Serum 

5. Obtaining a Dilluted Solution From a 

Concentrated One 

6. Obtaining a Concentrated Sollution From a 

Dilluted One 



Chemical Element. Chemical Symbol 


1. Chemical Element 

2. Chemical Symbol 

3. Atomic Weight 

4. Avogadro's Number 





The Correlation between an Element's Structure and its Position in the Periodic Table 


1. Maximum Number of Electrons in a Level 

2. Electronic Configurations for Elements of the 

Same Period 

3. Correlation between the Electronic Levels and 

the Period 

4. Rules for Distributing Electrons 

5. Doublet and Octet Configurations 

6. Correlation between the Valence Electrons and 

the Group 

7. Rare Gas Configuration 

8. The Correlation between an Element's Structure 

and its Position in the Periodic Table 


Ions 


1. Lithium Ion 

2. Magnesium Ion 

3. Chlorine Ion 

4. Oxygen Ion 

5. Ions: Deffinition and Classification 

6. Electropositivity and Electronegativity 




Molecules 


1. Substances Maintain Certain Properties when 

Affected by External Agents 

2. The Molecule: Deffinition 

3. Types of Atoms that Form Molecules 

4. Molecules: Shape and Size 

5. How Molecules Form 

6. Hydrogen, Chloryne and Chlorhydric Acid 

7. Water, Ammonia, Methane and Carbon Dyoxide 





The Combination Reaction 


1. Sulphur Reaction to Oxygen. Sulphur Dyoxide 

Reaction to Water 

2. Carbon Reaction to Oxygen. Carbon Dyoxide 

Reaction to Water 

3. Magnesium Reaction to Oxygen. Magnesium 

Oxide Reaction to Water 

4. Chlorhydric Acid Reaction to Ammonia 

5. Deffinition 

6. Classification 






Decomposition Reaction 


1. The Decomposition of HgO 

2. The Law of Conservation of Mass for the 

Decomposition of HgO 

3. The Decomposition of the Potassium Chlorate 

4. Stoechiometry 

5. The Decomposition of Copper Carbonate 

6. Observation Chart for the Decomposition of 

Copper Carbonate 

7. The Decomposition of Ammonium Carbonate 

8. Experimental Data about the Decomposition of 

Ammonium Carbonate 

9. The Decomposition Reaction - Deffinition 

10. Practical Applications of the Decomposition 

Reaction 

11. Test (1) 

12. Test (2) 


The Single Displacement Reaction 


1. The Single Displacement Reaction 

2. The Reactivity Series of Metals 

3. Sodium Reaction to Water 

4. Magnesium Reaction to Water 

5. Copper Behaviour in Water 

6. Metal Reaction to HCl 

7. Metal Reaction to Salts 

8. Copper Reaction to Nitric Acid 

9. Test (1) 

10. Test (2) 

11. Test (3) 


The Double Displacement Reaction 


1. Obtaining AgCl 

2. Modelling the Double Displacement Reaction 

3. Obtaining Precipitates 

4. Ion Exchange in Reactions Leading to Copper 

Hydroxide 

5. Equations for Double Displacement Reaction 

6. Double Displacement Reactions Leading to 

Gaseous Compounds 

7. Acid - Base Reactions 

8. Test (1) 

9. Test (2) 

10. Test (3) 


The Electron Cloud 


1. The Component Parts of an Atom 

2. The Electrons are Identical in Size and Charge 

3. Electron Trajectory around the Nucleus 

4. The Shells of the Electron Cloud 

5. The Electronic Structure of an Atom 

6. Ways of Representing the Structure of the Atom 

7. Doublet and Octet Configuration 

8. The Electronic Structure of Given Elements 


The Suphuric Acid. The Hydrochloric Acid 


1. The synthesis of chlorhydric acid 

2. The dilution of sulphuric acid 

3. Sulphuric Acid. Avidity for Water 

4. Reaction to indicators 

5. Reaction to metals 

6. Reaction to metal oxides 

7. Reaction to bases 

8. Reaction to salts 



Acetic Acid 


1. Physical Properties 

2. Synthesis of the Glacial Acetic Acid 

3. Acidity 

4. Acetic Acid Reaction to Metals and Metal Oxydes 

5. Ester Synthesis 




Aluminium 


1. Introduction 

2. Separating aluminium in phisical properties 

3. The reaction to oxygen and water 

4. The reaction to hydroxids and chlorum 

5. Aluminium reaction to Acids 

6. Aluminium reaction to metal oxids 

7. Test 


Bases 


1. Phisical properties 

2. Obtaining NaOH 

3. Obtaining sodium carbonate 

4. Hydroxides and indicators 

5. Neutralization 

6. Chemical properties of hydroxides 


8. Experiment 


Chlorine 


1. Synthesis 

2. Uses 

3. Chlorine Reaction to Hydrogen 

4. Chlorine Reaction to Metals 

5. Chloryne Reaction to Bromides and Iodides 



Copper 



2. Obtaining Copper 

3. Copper Reaction to Acids 

4. Chemical Properties 

5. Compounds Containing Coppers 



Iron 



2. Separating Iron from a Mixture Based on 

Physical Properties 

3. Combustion of Iron in the Air 

4. Iron's Reaction with Acids and Salts 

5. Rust 

6. Identification of Iron Compounds 


Hydrogen 



2. Metals Reaction to Acids 

3. Alkaline Metals Reaction to Water 





Oxygen 



2. Identification and Synthesis 

3. Metals and Nonmetals Reaction to Oxygen 

4. Circuit of Oxygen in Nature 




Salts 





4. Reaction to Alkalyne Hydroxides 

5. Reaction to Strong Acids 

6. The Chemical Garden 



Carbon 

• Recommended for five hours of teaching. AeL Code: 120. 

1. Graphite: Physical Properties 

2. Diamond: Physical Properties 

3. Fullerenes: Physical Properties 

4. Carbon Reaction to Oxygen 

5. Carbon Reaction to Carbon Dioxyde 

6. Carbon Reaction to Metal Oxydes 

7. Carbon Reaction to Acids 

8. Circuit of Carbon in Nature 

9. Coals 

10. Obtaining Carbon Black 

11. Obtaining charcoal 


13. Transforming Diamond to Graphite 

14. Determining the Percentage of Carbon in Coal 



Oxides 


1. Obtaining the copper oxide 

2. The thermica decomposition of Oxydes 

3. The reaction of alkaline oxydes with water 

4. The reaction of acid oxydes with water 

5. Extracting beer from a barrel 

6. The reaction of alkaline oxydes with acids 

7. The reaction of oxydes with soluble basis 



Sulphur 

• Recommended for four hours of teaching. AeL Code: 157. 


2. Polymorphism 

3. Obtaining Rombic Sulphur 

4. Obtaining Monoclinic Sulphur 

5. Obtaining Sulphur from Hydrogen Sulphur 

6. Heating Sulphur 

7. Sulphur Reaction to Hydrogen 

8. Metals Reaction to Sulphur (I) 

9. Metals Reaction to Sulphur (II) 

10. Obtaining Sulphur Dyoxide 

11. Gunpowder 



Nitrogen 



2. Nitrogen Synthesis in the Chemisty Lab 

3. Synthesis of the Nitrogen in the Air 

4. Identifycation 

5. Chemical Reactivity 

6. HABER Process 

7. The Circuit of Nitrogen in Nature 

8. Liquid Air 

9. Compounds Containing Nitrogen: Ammonia 

10. Nitrogen Protoxyde 

11. Nitogen Dioxyde 

12. Ammonia Salts 

13. Compounds Containing Nitrogen: Ammonium 

Nitrate 



Acids. General Characteristics 


1. Definition 

2. Nomenclature and Classification 

3. Obtaining Chlorhydric Acid 

4. Obtaining Sulphuric Acid 

5. Obtaining Sulphurous Acid 

6. Solubility in Water 

7. Electric Conductibility 

8. Test (1) 

9. Test (2) 


Acids. Chemical Properties 


1. How to Identify Acid Solutions 

2. Experimental Observations 

3. The Action of Acids on Reactive Metals 

4. The Action of Acids on Non-reactive Metals 

5. Differences between Hydroxyacids and Oxyacids 

6. Acid Reaction to Metal Oxydes 

7. Acid-Base Reactions 

8. Acid Reactions to Metal Salts 

9. Uses for Acids 


Bases (Alkali). General Characteristics 



2. Deffinition and Nomenclature 

3. Physical Properties. Solubility 

4. Physical Properties. Hygroscopicity and 

Aggregation State 

5. Electric Conductibility 

6. Alkali Metals Reaction to Water 

7. Reactive Metal Reaction to Water 

8. Strong Bases Reaction to Salts 


Alkali.Chemical Properties 


1. Bases Reaction to Indicators 

2. Observation Chart for the Analytical Reaction 

3. Bases Reaction to Acids 

4. Observation Chart for the Neutralization Reaction 

5. Ammonia Reaction to HCl 

6. Hydroxydes Reaction to Salts 

7. Observation Chart for the Synthesis of Copper 

Hydroxide 

8. Obtaining Aluminium Hydroxide 

9. Uses for Hydroxides 


The Atom. Orbitals 


1. Atom Structure 

2. s Orbitals 

3. p Orbitals 

4. d Orbitals 

5. f Orbitals 

6. Interactive Game 



The Electron Configuration 


1. Energy Levels 

2. Pauli's Principle 

3. Hund's Rule 

4. Electron Configuration in Rare Gases 

5. The Order of Electron Occupation in Metals 



Electron Configurations and Ionizations to Na and Cu 


1. Energetic Levels Diagram for Na 

2. Energetic Levels Diagram for Cu 

3. Electron Configuration of Na 

4. Electron Configuration of Cu 

5. Ionization of Na 

6. Ionization of Cu 

7. Homework 


Complex Combinations 


1. Synthesis of a complex 

2. Structure 

3. Balancing Equations 

4. Naming the Complex 

5. The Role of the Central Metal Ion 

6. The Role of the Ligands 

7. "Rebuild" the Formula 

8. Virtual Experiment: Synthesis of a Complex 

9. Importance 


Corrosion 


1. Corrosive Action of Acids 

2. Aluminiun Passivation 

3. Cu and Zn in the corosion process 

4. Iron Corrosion (I) 

5. Iron Corrosion (II) 

6. Anticorrosive Protection 



The Ethanol 



2. Alcoholic Fermentation 

3. Synthesis 

4. Acetification of Wine 

5. Ethanol Combustion 

6. Ethanol Reaction to Sodium 

7. Esterification 

8. Ethanol Oxidation 

9. Ethanol Oxidation in the Presence of Copper 


Hydrocarbons 


1. Methane: Physical Properties 

2. Methane Synthesis in the Chemistry Lab 

3. Carbon Black Synthesis 

4. Methane Combustion 

5. Identification of the Methane Combustion 

Products 

6. Explosive mixture 

7. Petroleum: Physical Properties 

8. Fractionated Distillation of Petroleum 

9. The Degree of Affinage of Kerosene 

10. Determining the Acidity of Kerosene 

11. Gasoline 



Carbohydrates 


1. Glucose: Physical Properties 

2. Extraction of Glucose from Fruit 

3. Obtaining the Silver Mirror 

4. Sucrose: Physical Properties 

5. Sucrose Carbonation 

6. Starch: Physical Properties 

7. Extracting Starch from Potatoes 

8. Starch Identification 

9. Celulose Dissolving 


Alcohols 


1. Alcohols Classification 

2. Physical Properties of Alcohols 

3. Identification of Some Alcohols by Their Viscosity 

4. Alcohols Dissolution in Water 

5. Alcohols Reaction to sodium 

6. Ethylic Alcohol Dehydration (I) 

7. Ethylic Alcohol Dehydration (II) 

8. 2-buthanol Dehydration 

9. Ethanol Etherification 

10. Ethanol Esterification 

11. Mild Oxidation of Alcohols 

12. Strong Oxidation of Alcohols 

13. Combustion of alcohols 

14. Glycerine Dehydration 

15. Glycerine Oxidation 


Fat Compounds 


1. Fatty Acids 

2. Physical Properties of Fat Compounds 

3. Trigliycerides Synthesis 

4. Fat Compounds Siccativation 

5. Unsaturation of Fat Compounds 

6. Acidity Determination for Some Fat Compounds 

7. Test 

8. Fat Compounds composition 

9. Fat compounds Usage 


Soaps and Detergents 


1. Soap Obtain 

2. Soaps Classification 

3. Tensioactive Properties of Soap (I) 

4. Tensioactive Properties of Soap (II) 

5. Reaction of Sodium Soaps with Calcium and 

Magnesium Salts 

6. Soaps and Water Hardness 

7. Detergents 

8. Biodegradability of Tensioactive Agents 

9. Test 


Natural and Synthetic Dyes 


1. Chromophore and Auxochrome Groups 

2. The Role of Chromophore and Auxochrome 

Groups 

3. Synthesis of Some Dyes 

4. Indigo Synthesis 

5. Indigo Properties 

6. Synthesis of an Azoic Dye 

7. Fluorescein Synthesis 

8. Artificial Dyes Identification (Aniline Colours) 

9. Painting of Cotton Fibres 

10. Obtaining Dyes from Plants 

11. Obtaining a Natural pH Indicator 

12. Chlorophyl Extraction 


Proteins 


1. Proteins Solubility (I) 

2. Proteins Solubility (II) 

3. Proteins Extraction from Eggs 

4. Proteins Extraction from Meat 

5. Proteins Distortion (I) 

6. Proteins Distortion (II) 

7. Proteins Reaction to Sodium Hydroxide 

8. Wool Identification 

9. Biuret Reaction 

10. Xanthoproteic Reaction 

11. Proteins Reaction to ninhydrine 

12. Proteins Reaction to Lead Acetate 

13. Reversible Precipitation of Proteins 

14. Proteins Usage 

15. Test 


Alkadienes: Experiments 


1. Alkadienes: Deffinition and Properties 


Alkanes: Experiments 


1. Alkanes: Deffinition and Properties 


Alkanes: Virtual Laboratory 


1. Cracking Process 

2. Ways of Obtaining Methane 

3. Methane. Oxidizing Reactions 

4. Alkane Halogenation 


Alkenes: Experiments 


1. Structure 

2. Nomenclature 

3. Isomery 

4. Synthetisation methods 


6. Chemical Properties: Addition Reactions 

7. Chemical Properties: Oxidizing Reactions 

8. Chemical Properties: Substitution Reactions 

9. Chemical Properties: Polymerization Reactions 

10. Virtual Experiment: Obtaining Ethene 

11. Virtual Experiment: Bromine Additon 

12. Virtual Experiment: Cis-trans Isomerization 

13. Virtual Experiment: Polymerization 

14. Virtual Experiment: Identifying Unsaturated 

Compounds in Fats 

15. Virtual Experiment: Ethene Combustion 



Alkenes: Virtual Laboratory 


1. Ways of Obtaining Alkenes 

2. Ethene. Oxidizing Reactions 

3. Bromine Addition to Turpentine Oil 

4. Alkene Polymerization 


Alkynes: Virtual Laboratory 


1. Ways of Obtaining Alkynes 

2. Acetylene. Oxidation Reactions 

3. Acetylene Hydration (Kucerov Addition) 

4. Obtaining Metallic Acetylates 

5. Acetylene Halogenation 


Alcohols: Experiments 


1. Alcohols: Deffinition and Properties 


Arenes: Experiments 


1. Arenes: Deffinition and Properties 


Arenes: Virtual Laboratory 


1. Alkylation Process 

2. Arene Halogenation 

3. Arenes Nitration 

4. Oxidation with Oxidizing Agents. Sulphonation 

5. Phase Transformations. Vaporization and 

Sublimation 


Halogenous Compounds 

• Recommended for six hours of teaching. AeL Code: 123. 

1. Halogenous Compounds: Deffinition, Properties 

and Experiments 


Carboxylic Acids. Structure, Nomenclature, Classification 


1. Structure 




Carboxylic Acid. Synthetising Methods 


1. Synthetisation Methods 


Carboxylic Acids. Physical Properties 


1. Aggregation State 

2. Chemical Calculator 

3. Boiling Points: Theory 

4. Boiling Points: Virtual Experiment 

5. Melting Points: Theory 

6. Melting Points: Virtual Experiment 

7. Solubility in Water 

8. Phase Transformations 


Carboxylic Acids. Chemical Properties Common with Inorganic Acids 


1. Ionization 

2. Acidity 

3. Influence over Indicators 

4. Reaction to the Active Metals 

5. Reaction to Metal Oxydes 

6. Reaction to Hydroxyides 

7. Reaction to Bicarbonates 



Carboxylic Acids. Chemical Properties Specific to Organic Acids 


1. Esterification 

2. Reaction to Ammonia 

3. Reaction to Amynes 

4. Decompositon of Amydes 

5. Reaction to the Phosphorous Pentachloryne 

6. Intra and Intermolecular Dehydration 



Carboxylic Acids. Experiments 


1. The Influence of the Carboxilic Acids over the 

Indicators (1) 

2. The Influence of the Carboxilic Acids over the 

Indicators (2) 

3. The Griess Reaction 

4. The Reaction to Active Metals 

5. Intermolecular dehydration: synthesis of the 

acetic anhydride 


Carboxylic Acids. Evaluation 



2. Experimental Test: Identification of the Benzoic 

Acid 

3. Experimental Test: Identification of Carboxylic 

Acids 

4. Experimental Test: the Neutralization Reaction 

5. Experimental Test: Acidity of the Organic Acids 


Environment Pollution 


1. Air Pollution 

2. Analysis of the Cigarette Smoke 

3. Obtaining Acid Rain in the Laboratory 

4. Water Pollution 

5. Determining Water Acidity 

6. Identification of Inorganic Water Pollution Agents 

7. Identification of Detergents in Water 

8. Soil Pollution: Determining the pH of the Soil 

9. Identification of Soil Pollution Agents 


Redox Reactions 


1. Oxidation Numbers 

2. Oxidation and Reduction 

3. Calculus of Coefficients in Redox Reactions 

4. Copper Reaction to the Nitric Acid 

5. Redox Processes: Experiments (1) 



8. Divalent Iron Ions Cantitative Analysis with 

Potassium Permanganate 

9. Fire Without Matches 

10. Metal Activity Series 

11. Electric Cells 



Acid-Base Reactions 


1. Acids and Bases in Aqueos Sollutions 

2. Acidity 

3. Basicity 

4. pH Calculus 

5. Neutralization Reaction 

6. Determining the Acidity of Milk 

7. Determining the Acidity of Beer 

8. Hydrolisis of Salts 

9. Buffer Sollutions 


Reaction Rate 


1. Influence of Concentration (I) 

2. Influence of Concentration (II) 

3. Influence of Concentration (III) 

4. Influence of Temperature 

5. Oxidation of Iodine Ions 

6. Reduction of Permanganete Ions in Acid 

Environment 

7. Graphical representation of the reaction speed 

8. Influence of the Contact Surface 

9. Marble Reaction to Sulphuric Acid 

10. Catalysts and Inhibitors 

11. Autocatalysis 

12. Influence of Light 

13. Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide 


Halogenated Derivatives 


1. Denomination and Classification of Halogen 

Derivatives 

2. Reactivity of Halogen Derivatives 

3. Variation of boiling points 

4. Testing of Halogen Derivatives Solubility and 

Density 

5. Solvent Properties of Carbon Tetrachloride 

6. Synthesis of Aromatic Halogen Derivatives 

7. Halogen Derivatives with Tear Effect 

8. Hydrolysis Reaction of Halogen Compounds in 

the Presence of Silver Nitrate 

9. Chemical Properties of Halogen Derivatives 

10. Organo-magnesium derivatives 

11. Test 

12. Halogen Derivatives Usage 


Phenols 


1. Phenols Classification 

2. Physical Properties of Phenol 

3. Reaction of Phenol to NaOH 

4. Bromination Reaction 

5. Phenols Identification 

6. Phenol Combustion 

7. Pyrogallol 

8. Picric Acid Synthesis 

9. Picric Acid Explosion 

10. Hydroquinone 

11. Test 

12. Phenols Usage 


Amines 


1. Amines Clasification 

2. Physical Properties of Amines 

3. Amines Basicity (I) 

4. Amines Basicity (II) 

5. Acylation Reaction 

6. Alkylation Reaction 

7. Aniline Diazotization 

8. Aniline Oxidation 

9. Methylorange Synthesis 

10. Test (I) 

11. Test (II) 

12. Amines Usage 


Carbonylic Compounds 


1. Carbonylic Compounds Classification 

2. Physical Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones 

3. Variation of Carbonylic Compounds Boiling 

Points 

4. Chemical Properties of Aldehydes 

5. Chemical Properties of Ketones 

6. Aldehydes Oxidation with Tollens Reagent 

7. Carbonylic Compounds Oxidation with Fehling 

Reagent 

8. Carbonylic Compounds Oxidation with Acidic 

Solution of Potassium Permanganate 

9. Benzaldehyde Autooxidation 

10. Reaction of Carbonylic Compounds to 2,4-DNPH 

11. Identification of Aldehydes with Schiff Reagent 

12. Novolac Synthesis 

13. Bakelite Synthesis 

14. Test 

15. Carbonylic Compounds Usage 


Carboxylic Acids 

• Recommended for zero hours of teaching. AeL Code: 192. 



3. Melting Points 

4. Boiling Points 

5. Electrical Conductivity of Carboxylic Acids 

Solutions 

6. Sublimation of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids 

7. Solidification of Acetic Acid 

8. Acetic Acid Synthesis 

9. Synthesis of Carboxylic Acids by Strong 

Oxidation of Alcohols 

10. Oxalic acid Synthesis 

11. Action of acids on the Indicators 

12. Reaction to Metals 

13. Reaction to Oxides 

14. Reaction to Carbonates and Bicarbonates 

15. Reaction to Bases 

16. Experimental Determination of an Acid 

Concentration 

17. Esterification Reaction 

18. Formic Acid Decomposition 

19. Reduction Properties of Formic Acid 

20. Oxalic Acid Decomposition 

21. Maleic Acid Isomerisation 

22. Test (I) 

23. Test (II) 

24. Carboxylic Acids Usage 


Functional Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids 


1. Esters Classification 

2. Physical Properties of Esters 

3. Boiling Points of Esters 

4. Obtain of Butilacetate 

5. Alkaline Hydrolysis of Esters 

6. Esters Utilization 

7. Amides classification 

8. Physical Properties of Amides 

9. Benzamine Synthesis 

10. Acidic Hydrolysis of Acetamide 

11. Basic Hydrolysis of Acetamide 

12. Urea Identification 


Aminoacids 



2. Physical Properties of Aminoacids 

3. Electrical Conductivity of Aminoacid Solutions 

4. Aminoacids solutions. Buffer solutions 

5. Synthesis of Some Complexes 

6. Aminoacids Identification (I) 

7. Aminoacids Identification (II) 

8. Aminoacids Identification (III) 

9. Peptides Synthesis 


Isomery of Alkanes 


1. Deffinition of Isomers 

2. Branched Alkanes 

3. Isomers of pentane 

4. Naming Isomers 


6. Construct the Isomers 


The Geometry of Saturated Hydrocarbon Molecules 


1. Carbon Atom Hybridation 

2. Methane Formation 

3. Carbon Chains 

4. Ethane Formation 



Halogenation of Alkanes 


1. Halogenation 

2. Halogen Derivatives of Methane 

3. Propane Halogenation 

4. n-Heptane Bromination 


Dehydrogenation of Alkanes 


1. Dehydrogenation of n-Butane 

2. Reaction Conditions 

3. Catalytic Reforming 

4. Industrial Applications 


Alkane Cracking Process 


1. n-Butane Cracking 

2. Cracking and Pyrolysis 

3. Petrochemical Cracking 

4. Applications 

5. Application. Stoechiometric Calculus 


The Oxydation of Alkanes 


1. Partial Oxidation of Superior Alkanes 

2. Partial Oxidation of Methane 

3. Partial Oxidation of Methane. Experiment 

4. Problem 


Chemification of Methane 


1. Chemification Scheme 

2. Chemification by Halogenation 

3. Chemification by Oxidation 

4. Chemification by Pyrolysis 

5. Methane Clathrates - Problem 


Halogenous Compounds (1) 




3. Rules for Naming Halogenous Compounds 

4. Models of Halogenous Compounds 





1. The Chemical Reactivity of Saturated Aliphatic 

Halogen Derivatives 

2. The Chemical Reactivity of Unsaturated Aliphatic 

and Aromatic Halogen Derivatives 

3. Isomery 

4. Exercise - Isomers 




1. Obtaining Ethyl Chloride 

1. The Chemical Reactivity of Saturated Aliphatic 

Halogen Derivatives 

2. The Chemical Reactivity of Unsaturated Aliphatic 

and Aromatic Halogen Derivatives 

2. Hydrolysis of Monohalogen Derivatives 

3. Hydrolysis of Polyhalogen Derivatives 

3. Isomery 

4. Exercise - Isomers 

4. Identification of the Reaction Products 




1. Obtaining Nitrils 

2. Alkylation of Ammonia 

3. Alkylation of Arenes 

4. Dehydrohalogenation 

5. Reaction to Magnesia 


Hydrocarbons (1) 


1. General Characteristics. Linear and Branched 

Carbon Chains 

2. General Characteristics. Cyclic Carbon Chains 

3. General Characteristics. Aromatic Compounds 

4. Chain Isomery 

5. Problem 




1. General Characteristics of Alkanes 

2. Nomenclature of Isoalkanes 

3. Monovalent Alkyl Radicals 

4. Uses 




1. Alkenes. General Characteristics and Isomery 

2. Obtaining Ethene from Ethyl Alcohol 

3. Halogen Addition 

4. Mild Oxidation of Alkenes 

5. Strong Oxidation and Combustion of Alkenes 




1. General Characteristics of Alkadienes 

2. Obtaining Butadiene from Ethyl Alcohol 

3. Bromine Addition to Butadiene 

4. Polymerization of Alkadienes 




1. General Characteristics of Alkynes 

2. Obtaining Acetylene 

3. Water Addition to Acetylene 

4. Bromine Addition to Acetylene 

5. The Reaction of Alkynes to Fehling's reagent 




1. The Structure of Mononuclear Arenes 

2. Mononuclear Arenes. Isomery 

3. Orientation of Substituents 

4. Polinuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons 

5. Problem

chemistry - AeL - Advanced eLearning

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