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learning - Academic Conferences Limited

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John Jessel<br />

‘“reduce the clicks” is my motto’. Uniformity of pathways was considered as important, colour coding<br />

often helping. When designing pages it was felt that ‘it has to be obvious to the pupils as to how it<br />

should work’ and ‘scrolling horizontally is a no no’, vertical scrolling being more manageable.<br />

Reliability - Rather than this being a matter of the technology breaking down, the concern was with<br />

planning methods of working in sufficient detail so that <strong>learning</strong> outcomes can be achieved in a<br />

dependable way. Where the methods are innovative and carry a higher level of risk, backup strategies<br />

were included for achieving the objectives.<br />

Inter-institutional comparison - Because the trainers worked across schools that were known to each<br />

other there was interest in how other institutions were approaching particular curriculum areas and<br />

solutions to common problems were shared. In one instance a teacher from one school visited the<br />

school where the trainer taught to see particular methods in action. Although this could have been a<br />

recipe for uniformity, it was felt that one institution was never a blueprint of what happened in another<br />

and so this was regarded as a form of enrichment.<br />

Ownership - The need for teachers to take ownership and negotiate and augment aims to serve their<br />

interests was considered essential at many different levels: ‘rather like a lesson plan innovation is<br />

developed within an institution’ (teacher); [Innovation is] ‘something you develop yourself and have<br />

control over rather than have it thrust upon you’.<br />

5. Summary and conclusion<br />

Although the VLE in secondary education may have the potential to enhance <strong>learning</strong>, effective<br />

uptake may not occur automatically. One reason for this is that VLE technologies make innovative<br />

demands on practice – both by learners as well as teachers. Innovation within the school setting is<br />

something that does not occur in isolation and has to be considered along with other initiatives,<br />

changes and demands occurring within that context. Innovation has its costs: it became clear that<br />

time was needed to identify and adapt suitable resource, to structure content and develop new ways<br />

of working This can also involve the kind of detail expressed in the form of the general principle that<br />

emerged from the workshops. Much of the work associated with development appears ‘invisible’ in<br />

that it is done in advance of the use of the technology. The use of the VLE has implications for the<br />

role of the teacher and the learner. The work highlighted the fact that the teacher was not solely<br />

instrumental in passing on an established body of knowledge. Teachers acted as facilitators bringing<br />

together curriculum, teaching and technical experience in a jointly creative enterprise. It is also likely<br />

that a certain amount of inertia can be involved in the adoption of new technologies as evidenced by<br />

the move away from assumptions of the VLE as a storage and administrative system towards a more<br />

participative <strong>learning</strong> medium.<br />

Insofar that a curriculum can be viewed in not only in terms of <strong>learning</strong> outcomes but also in terms of<br />

the means and wider <strong>learning</strong> context there are implications regarding the impact of VLE<br />

technologies. The work connected with writing news reports illustrates, for example, how, on the one<br />

hand, technology can be used to enhance existing curriculum objectives, while, on the other,<br />

technology can be used to transform an existing curriculum and introduce new challenges.<br />

References<br />

Bakhtin, M.M. (1981) The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays by M.M. Bahktin, Ed. M. Holquist, Austin, University<br />

of Texas Press.<br />

Bloom, B.S. (1956) Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Handbook 1: The Cognitive Domain, New York, David<br />

McKay Co. Inc.<br />

Brown, J.S., Collins, A., and Duguid, P. (1989) “Situated Cognition and the Culture of Learning, Educational<br />

Researcher, Vol. 18, pp 32-42.<br />

Crook, C. (2001) “The Social Character of Knowing and Learning: Implications of Cultural Psychology for<br />

Educational Technology”, Technology, Pedagogy and Education, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp 19-36.<br />

DfES (2005) “Harnessing Technology – Transforming Learning and Children’s Services”, [online], Department for<br />

Education and Skills, www.dscf.gov.uk/publications/e-strategy.<br />

DfE (2010) “The Importance of Teaching: Schools White Paper”, [online], Department for Education,<br />

www.education.gov.uk/b0068570/the-importance-of-teaching/.<br />

Jonassen, D.H. (1994) “Thinking Technology: Toward a Constructivist Design Model”, Educational Technology,<br />

Vol. 34, No. 4, April, pp 34-37.<br />

Knowles, M. S. (1977) The Modern Practice of Adult Education: Andragogy Versus Pedagogy (Eighth ed.), New<br />

York, Association Press.<br />

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