learning - Academic Conferences Limited
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Alice Bird being reviewed under the banner of improving the student experience. This focus on cutting costs coincides with increased power of the student voice through the medium of the National Student Survey. In particular, the outcomes of the survey continue to suggest sector-wide issues in meeting student expectations on assessment and feedback on assessment. In recent years, the National Union of Students (NUS) has proactively sought to engage institutions in addressing these issues through a series of campaigns. For many institutions, this has resulted in a three-way split in the institutional powerbase; institutional strategic management, academia and the student body, often represented by the local Student Union. At this point, it should be acknowledged that overall power within this triumvirate will differ from one institution to another depending on the predominant institutional culture. The topic of culture in higher education is one that has been widely researched and discussed. Trowler (2008) presents an exploration into approaches to understanding higher education cultures, including references to macro, micro and meso level approaches. At the macro (organisational level), Trowler cites Berquist’s four cultures (1992); collegial, managerial, developmental and negotiating. Whilst at the micro (individual) level, culture is defined in terms of the institution and its distinctiveness, e.g. Tierney (1988). An alternative meso level approach acknowledges a multiple cultural configuration which encompasses more open, dynamic and interactive concepts e.g. Alvesson (2002, pp.186-187). In an earlier study, Land (2001) also makes reference to organisational cultures and maps a set of orientations to academic development against conceptions of change. These orientations, opportunistic/entrepreneurial, reflective practitioner, interpretive-hermeneutic, romantic (outreach), professional competence activist-modellers, political strategist (pragmatist), consultant researcher, disciplinary, managerial/HRM, are adopted by practitioners promoting change in academic practice according to the context that they find themselves in. Groups and individuals involved in promoting change in academic practice are generally aware of the predominant and subcultures that exist within a particular institution. However, the shifts in power, with the student voice in the ascendancy, mean that they may need to review and revisit their approaches to implementing change. As with any work-based or social relationship, it is easier to mediate between two parties than three. With three stakeholder groups influencing policy and practice, the direction of change can be swayed with one party often feeling disempowered by the perception of the other parties operating in league. This paper offers an insight into the dynamics of triumvirate influences through a three-year case study to develop and implement electronic submission policy and practice at one higher educational institution. The predominant organisational culture of the institution is generally acknowledged as managerial, with strategic leadership responsible for driving through change, but with sub-culture influences often aligned to specific subject disciplines. However, student contribution to development of policy has become more influential through proactive engagement by the Student Union and a strategic ‘you say, we do’ approach to improving the student experience. 3. Case study The recommendation to introduce electronic submission of coursework (e-submission) first evolved from an institutional review of student administrative processes. The recommendations from the review were translated into a student experience review implementation project aimed at restructuring student support services and activities across the institution. Part of the review included an observation of activities in three centralised centres, processing student submissions of paper-based coursework items. This revealed a negative impact on student experience; in particular, issues associated with processing submissions at peak submission deadlines. The outcome was a recommendation to develop institutional policy and practice for the electronic submission of coursework. This recommendation was approved and strategically driven from the top through an institutional development project. The progress of the project through three phases, feasibility study, pilot study and early-stage implementation, constitutes the core of this case study, with references to triumvirate influences on the direction and outcomes. 3.1 Feasibility study The feasibility study was initiated in September 2008 and conducted according to institutional principles based on the Prince2 methodology. A Project Board was convened, with a School Director appointed as the Chair and membership representatives drawn from each Faculty, relevant Central Service Teams and the Student Union. Faculty representatives, who were nominated by School 74
Alice Bird Directors, for their general interest in teaching, learning and assessment, were not necessarily advocates for e-submission. An initial challenge was defining the project brief and initiation document. There was no explicit articulation from senior management of the rationale for e-submission policy and practice, other than fulfilling the recommendation within the student experience review. However, the general consensus of the project board was that the scope of the feasibility study should not be limited to exploring administrative benefits but should also cover pedagogical benefits. In particular, it was considered essential to explore potential improvements in the timeliness and relevance of feedback to students on assessment, in the light of the sector-wide dissatisfaction expressed in the 2007 and 2008 National Student Surveys. The project objectives included, as a starting point, outlining the activities associated with the overall coursework management process. Defining the process was vital to gaining a better understanding of the potential role for technological support, as a preliminary stage in specifying technical and functional requirements. The project also sought to assess the needs and perceptions of key stakeholders, in particular academic staff and students. A final objective was to estimate the resource implications in moving from paper-based to electronic submission. A project reporting deadline was set for March 2009, in order to make recommendations for implementation in the academic year 2009/10. Figure 1 provides the final version of the outline process map, agreed after frequent iterations. Figure 1: Outline process map 75
- Page 50 and 51: Antonios Andreatos Figure 1: Estima
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- Page 56 and 57: Figure 5: Video metadata from YouTu
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- Page 66 and 67: References Jonathan Barkand Allen,
- Page 68 and 69: 2. Pedagogical agents Orlando Belo
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- Page 124 and 125: Objectives More efficient and faste
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Alice Bird<br />
Directors, for their general interest in teaching, <strong>learning</strong> and assessment, were not necessarily<br />
advocates for e-submission. An initial challenge was defining the project brief and initiation document.<br />
There was no explicit articulation from senior management of the rationale for e-submission policy<br />
and practice, other than fulfilling the recommendation within the student experience review. However,<br />
the general consensus of the project board was that the scope of the feasibility study should not be<br />
limited to exploring administrative benefits but should also cover pedagogical benefits. In particular, it<br />
was considered essential to explore potential improvements in the timeliness and relevance of<br />
feedback to students on assessment, in the light of the sector-wide dissatisfaction expressed in the<br />
2007 and 2008 National Student Surveys.<br />
The project objectives included, as a starting point, outlining the activities associated with the overall<br />
coursework management process. Defining the process was vital to gaining a better understanding of<br />
the potential role for technological support, as a preliminary stage in specifying technical and<br />
functional requirements. The project also sought to assess the needs and perceptions of key<br />
stakeholders, in particular academic staff and students. A final objective was to estimate the resource<br />
implications in moving from paper-based to electronic submission. A project reporting deadline was<br />
set for March 2009, in order to make recommendations for implementation in the academic year<br />
2009/10. Figure 1 provides the final version of the outline process map, agreed after frequent<br />
iterations.<br />
Figure 1: Outline process map<br />
75