Voie d'immunisation et séquence d'administration de l ... - TEL
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tel-00827710, version 1 - 29 May 2013 C. Quality of the T cell response Next, we were interested in characterizing the quality of the T cell response. Prior studies have indicated that cells producing high levels of IFNγ have the unique capacity to secrete multiple cytokines, leading to their being referred to as polyfunctional T cells (Seder et al., 2008). In our model, we evaluated the simultaneous production of IFNγ, IL-2 and TNFα. Mice were primed using the strategies discussed in Figure 21 and ex vivo restimulation of the tetramer-enriched fraction was performed prior to intracellular staining. As anticipated, the cells producing high levels of IFNγ also expressed TNFα and IL-2 (Figure 25A, nb. IL-2 producing cells are shown in red). The response was evaluated throughout the kinetics of T cell priming (Figure 25A), and for purposes of comparing i.d. vs i.v. immunization, we focused on the peak of the response: Day 7 for i.v. immunization; and Day 12 for i.d. immunization. The percentages of IFNγ + cells producing the 3 cytokines – IFNγ, IL-2 and TNFα – was significantly higher after i.d. immunization (Figure 25B). The converse is also true – the percentage of cells producing only IFNγ was higher following i.v. immunization (Figure 25C). Thus, we conclude that cross-priming via the i.d. route establishes a stronger, more polyfunctional response. 98
tel-00827710, version 1 - 29 May 2013 Figure 25. Intradermal immunization induces polyfunctional T cells. (A-C) Mice were immunized i.d. or i.v. with 5x10 5 K bm1 mOva splenocytes. At the different time points, lymph nodes and spleen were harvested and a K b -SIINFEKL tetramer-based enrichment was performed. The enriched fraction was incubated for 4h with SIINFEKL-pulsed splenocytes, followed by surface and intracellular staining. (A) Data from live CD3 + CD8 + T cells are shown. Cells producing IL-2 are highlighted in red. The percentage of IFNγ + cells that produce either the three cytokines – IFNγ, IL-2 and TNFα (B) or only one cytokine – IFNγ (C) were calculated. p-values were calculated using a Mann-Whitney test. D. Memory potential of antigen-specific CD8 + T cells Following from the T cell functionality results, we tested whether the route of immunization impacts also secondary responses. As previously, mice were immunized i.d. or i.v., and 34 days later the same animals were re-stimulated by i.v. administration of a second dose of 5x10 5 K bm1 mOva splenocytes (Figure 26A). IFNγ-producing Ova-specific CD8 + T cells were enumerated (Figure 26B). While the absolute number of tetramer-positive cells was similar in both conditions, we detected a higher percentage of IFNγ-producing cells when the first immunization was performed via the i.d. route (Figure 26C). We wanted to confirm these Page 99 of 256
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tel-00827710, version 1 - 29 May 2013<br />
Figure 25. Intra<strong>de</strong>rmal immunization induces polyfunctional T cells. (A-C) Mice were immunized<br />
i.d. or i.v. with 5x10 5 K bm1 mOva splenocytes. At the different time points, lymph no<strong>de</strong>s and spleen<br />
were harvested and a K b -SIINFEKL t<strong>et</strong>ramer-based enrichment was performed. The enriched fraction<br />
was incubated for 4h with SIINFEKL-pulsed splenocytes, followed by surface and intracellular<br />
staining. (A) Data from live CD3 + CD8 + T cells are shown. Cells producing IL-2 are highlighted in<br />
red. The percentage of IFNγ + cells that produce either the three cytokines – IFNγ, IL-2 and TNFα (B)<br />
or only one cytokine – IFNγ (C) were calculated. p-values were calculated using a Mann-Whitney test.<br />
D. Memory potential of antigen-specific CD8 + T cells<br />
Following from the T cell functionality results, we tested wh<strong>et</strong>her the route of immunization<br />
impacts also secondary responses. As previously, mice were immunized i.d. or i.v., and 34<br />
days later the same animals were re-stimulated by i.v. administration of a second dose of<br />
5x10 5 K bm1 mOva splenocytes (Figure 26A). IFNγ-producing Ova-specific CD8 + T cells were<br />
enumerated (Figure 26B). While the absolute number of t<strong>et</strong>ramer-positive cells was similar in<br />
both conditions, we d<strong>et</strong>ected a higher percentage of IFNγ-producing cells when the first<br />
immunization was performed via the i.d. route (Figure 26C). We wanted to confirm these<br />
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