Hinton - The Fourth Dimension.pdf
Hinton - The Fourth Dimension.pdf Hinton - The Fourth Dimension.pdf
CHAPTER XIII REMARKS ON THE FIGURES AN inspection of above figures will give an answer to many questions about the tesseract. If we have a tesseract one inch each way, then it can be represented as a cube—a cube having white, yellow, red axes, and from this cube as a beginning, a volume extending into the fourth dimension. Now suppose the tesseract to pass transverse to our space, the cube of the red, yellow, white axes disappears at once, it is indefinitely thin in the fourth dimension. Its place is occupied by those parts of the tesseract which lie further away from our space in the fourth dimension. Each one of these sections will last only for one moment, but the whole of them will take up some appreciable time in passing. If we take the rate of one inch a minute the sections will take the whole of the minute in their passage across our space, they will take the whole of the minute except the moment which the beginning cube and the end cube occupy in their crossing our space. In each one of the cubes, the section cubes, we can draw lines in all directions except in the direction occupied by the blue line, the fourth dimension; lines in that direction are represented by the transition from one section cube to another. Thus to give ourselves an adequate representation of the tesseract we ought to have a limitless number of section cubes intermediate between the first bounding cube, the 178
REMARKS ON THE FIGURES 179 ochre cube, and the last bounding cube, the other ochre cube. Practically three intermediate sectional cubes will be found sufficient for most purposes. We will take then a series of five figures—two terminal cubes and three intermediate sections—and show how the different regions appear in space when we take each set of three out of the four axes of the tesseract as lying in our space. In fig. 107 initial letters are used for the colours. A reference to fig. 103 will show the complete nomenclature, which is merely indicated here. b0 b1 b2 b3 b4 x interior Ochre interior L. Brown interior L. Brown Fig. 107. interior L. Brown interior Ochre In this figure the tesseract is shown in fig stages distant from our face: first, zero; second 1⁄4 in.; third, 1⁄2 in.; fourth, 3⁄4 in.; fifth, 1 in.; which are called 0, b b1, b2, b3, b4, because they are sections taken at distances 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 quarter inches along the blue line. All the regions can be named from the first cube, the b0 cube, as before, simply by remembering that transference along the b axis gives the addition of blue to the colour of the region in the ochre, the b0 cube. In the final cube b4, the colouring of the original b0 cube is repeated. Thus the red line moved along the blue axis gives a red and blue or purple square. This purple square appears as the three purple lines in the sections b1, b2, b3, taken at 1⁄4, 1⁄2, 3⁄4 of an inch in the fourth dimension. If the tesseract moves transverse to our space we have them in this particular region, first of all a red line which lasts for a moment, secondly a purple line which takes its
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CHAPTER XIII<br />
REMARKS ON THE FIGURES<br />
AN inspection of above figures will give an answer to<br />
many questions about the tesseract. If we have a<br />
tesseract one inch each way, then it can be represented<br />
as a cube—a cube having white, yellow, red axes, and<br />
from this cube as a beginning, a volume extending into<br />
the fourth dimension. Now suppose the tesseract to pass<br />
transverse to our space, the cube of the red, yellow, white<br />
axes disappears at once, it is indefinitely thin in the<br />
fourth dimension. Its place is occupied by those parts of<br />
the tesseract which lie further away from our space<br />
in the fourth dimension. Each one of these sections<br />
will last only for one moment, but the whole of them<br />
will take up some appreciable time in passing. If we<br />
take the rate of one inch a minute the sections will take<br />
the whole of the minute in their passage across our<br />
space, they will take the whole of the minute except the<br />
moment which the beginning cube and the end cube<br />
occupy in their crossing our space. In each one of the<br />
cubes, the section cubes, we can draw lines in all directions<br />
except in the direction occupied by the blue line, the<br />
fourth dimension; lines in that direction are represented<br />
by the transition from one section cube to another. Thus<br />
to give ourselves an adequate representation of the<br />
tesseract we ought to have a limitless number of section<br />
cubes intermediate between the first bounding cube, the<br />
178