Hinton - The Fourth Dimension.pdf
Hinton - The Fourth Dimension.pdf Hinton - The Fourth Dimension.pdf
170 THE FOURTH DIMENSION as drawn by a plane being, are not the cubes themselves, but represent the faces or the sections of a cube. Thus in the plane being’s diagram a cube of twenty-seven cubes “null” represents a cube, but is really, in the normal position, the orange square of a null cube, and may be called null, orange square. A plane being would save himself confusion if he named his representative squares, not by using the names of the cubes simply, but by adding to the names of the cubes a word to show what part of a cube his representative square was. Thus a cube null standing against his plane touches it by null orange face, passing through his plane it has in the plane a square as trace, which is null white section, if we use the phrase white section to mean a section drawn perpendicular to the white line. In the same way the cubes which we take as representative of the tesseract are not the tesseract itself, but definite faces or sections of it. In the preceding figures we should say then, not null, but “null tesseract ochre cube,” because the cube we actually have is the one determined by the three axes, white, red, yellow. There is another way in which we can regard the colour nomenclature of the boundaries of a tesseract. Consider a null point to move tracing out a white line one inch in length, and terminating in a null point, see fig. 103 or in the coloured plate. Then consider this white line with its terminal points itself to move in a second dimension, each of the points traces out a line, the line itself traces out an area, and give two lines as well, its initial and final position. Thus, if we call “a region” any element of the figure, such as a point, or a line, etc., every “region” in moving traces out a new kind of region, “a higher region,” and give two regions of its own kind, an initial and a final
THE SIMPLEST FOUR-DIMENSIONAL SOLID 171 position. The “higher region” means a region with another dimension in it. Now the square can move and generate a cube. The square light yellow moves and traces out the mass of the cube. Letting the addition of red denote the region made by the motion in the upward direction we get an ochre solid. The light yellow face in its initial and terminal positions give the two square boundaries of the cube above and below. Then each of the four lines of the light yellow square—white, yellow, and the white, yellow opposite them—trace out a bounding square. So there are in all six bounding squares, four of these squares being designated in colour by adding red to the colour of the generating lines. Finally, each point moving in the up direction gives rise to a line coloured null + red, or red, and then there are the initial and terminal positions of the points giving eight points. The number of the lines is evidently twelve, for the four lines of the light yellow square give four lines in their initial, four lines in their final position, while the four points trace out four lines, that is altogether twelve lines. Now the squares are each of them separate boundaries of the cube, while the lines belong, each of them, to two squares, thus the red line is that which is common to the orange and pink squares. Now suppose that there is a direction, the fourth dimension, which is perpendicular alike to every one of the space dimensions already used—a dimension perpendicular, for instance, to up and to right hand, so that the pink square moving in this direction traces out a cube. A dimension, moreover, perpendicular to the up and away directions, so that the orange square moving in this direction also traces out a cube, and the light yellow square, too, moving in this direction traces out a cube.
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170<br />
THE FOURTH DIMENSION<br />
as drawn by a plane being, are not the cubes themselves,<br />
but represent the faces or the sections of a cube. Thus<br />
in the plane being’s diagram a cube of twenty-seven cubes<br />
“null” represents a cube, but is really, in the normal<br />
position, the orange square of a null cube, and may be<br />
called null, orange square.<br />
A plane being would save himself confusion if he named<br />
his representative squares, not by using the names of the<br />
cubes simply, but by adding to the names of the cubes a<br />
word to show what part of a cube his representative square<br />
was.<br />
Thus a cube null standing against his plane touches it<br />
by null orange face, passing through his plane it has in<br />
the plane a square as trace, which is null white section, if<br />
we use the phrase white section to mean a section drawn<br />
perpendicular to the white line. In the same way the<br />
cubes which we take as representative of the tesseract are<br />
not the tesseract itself, but definite faces or sections of it.<br />
In the preceding figures we should say then, not null, but<br />
“null tesseract ochre cube,” because the cube we actually<br />
have is the one determined by the three axes, white, red,<br />
yellow.<br />
<strong>The</strong>re is another way in which we can regard the colour<br />
nomenclature of the boundaries of a tesseract.<br />
Consider a null point to move tracing out a white line<br />
one inch in length, and terminating in a null point,<br />
see fig. 103 or in the coloured plate.<br />
<strong>The</strong>n consider this white line with its terminal points<br />
itself to move in a second dimension, each of the points<br />
traces out a line, the line itself traces out an area, and<br />
give two lines as well, its initial and final position.<br />
Thus, if we call “a region” any element of the figure,<br />
such as a point, or a line, etc., every “region” in moving<br />
traces out a new kind of region, “a higher region,” and<br />
give two regions of its own kind, an initial and a final