Hinton - The Fourth Dimension.pdf

THE USE OF FOUR DIMENSIONS IN THOUGHT 91
There are four moods:—
1. The universal affirmative; all M is P, called mood A.
2. The universal negative; no M is P, mood E.
3. The particular affirmative; no M is P, mood I.
4. The particular negative; some M is not P, mood O.
The dotted lines in 3 and 4, fig. 50, denote that it is
not known whether or no any objects exist, corresponding
M
1.
Mood A.
P
2.
Mood E.
P
Fig. 50.
M
3.
Mood I.
P
M
4.
Mood O.
to the space of which the dotted line forms on delimiting
boundary; thus, in mood I we do not know if there are
any M’s which are not P, we only know some M’s are P.
Representing the first premiss in its various moods by
Q
regions marked by vertical lines to
O
the right of PQ, we have in fig. 51,
I
running up from the four letters AEIO,
E
four columns, each of which indicates
A
that the major premiss is in the mood
R
P A E I O S denoted by the respective letter. In
Fig. 51.
the first column to the right of PQ is
the mood A. Now above the line RS let there be marked
off four regions corresponding to the four moods of the
minor premiss. Thus, in the first row above us all the
region between RS and the first horizontal line above it
denotes that the minor premise is in the mood A. The
P