貴州独山中泥盆統鸡窝寨段中的层孔虫 - 中国科学院南京地质古生物 ...

第 11 卷第2期古生物学报 Vol. 11, No. 2 

1963 年 5 月 ACTA PALAEONTOLOGICA SINICA May, 1963 

貴州独山中泥盆統鸡窝寨段中的层孔虫 

楊敬之董得源 

(中国科学院地貭古生物研究所) 

一、緒言 

貴州泥盆紀的层孔虫,丁文江、王曰伦在 1929 年已有发現,所采标本由計荣森研 

究。計荣森在 1940 年发表的“中国西南部志留紀及泥盆紀层孔虫类之研究”的論文中, 

有 5 属 8 种产于貴州。Anostylotroma kueichowense Chi,Amphipora ramosa (Phillips) 

Schulz, Stromatoporella eifeiliensis Nicholson 及 S.ting Chi 等 3 属 4 种采自三都县; 

Stromatopora typica von Rosen, S. crassa Chi, S. beuthii Bargatzky 及 Parallelopora 

beuthii(Bargatzky) Kühn 等 2 属 4 种采自独山等地。 

本文所描述的材料,都采自独山境內中泥盆統上部鸡窝寨段內。鸡窝寨段之下的鸡 

泡段中层孔虫化石很少;上泥盆統望城坡段及尧梭段(尤其是尧梭段)中的层孔虫很多, 

但多半都产于白云岩及白云貭石灰岩內,保存不好,未在本文內描述。这些材料都是 1958 

年和 1959 年楊敬之、吳望始、俞昌民等在系統研究这一带的地层时采集的。共計 11 属 

27 种(包括 1 个变种),其中新种 14 个,未定种名的 2 个,旧种 11 个。已描述过的 

Anostylostroma cf . amygdaloides (Lecompte), Actinostroma regulare Yavorsky, A. 

verrocossum Lecompte, Paramphipora blokhini Yavorsky,Trupetostroma sublamellosum 

Lecompte 及 Hermatostroma episcopale Nicholson 等 6 种,在比利时及苏联都出現在中泥 

盆統;而 Actinostroma cf.filitextum Lecompte, A. tabulatum var. crassum Lecompte, 

Trupetostroma laceratum Lecompte 等 3 种,出現在中泥盆統至上泥盆統;其他各种的 

地貭历程也是自中泥盆統至上泥盆統。就各新种来說,絕大部分可以和中、上泥盆統的 

种相比。单从层孔虫的组合来看,鸡窝寨段的时代应为中、晚泥盆世,可能是中泥盆世 

晚期至晚泥盆世早期。鸡窝寨段在独山一带含腕足类:Stringocephalus burtini Defrances, 

S. obesus Grabau, Atrypa desquamata Sowerby, Ambocoelia sinense Tien; 珊瑚: 

Temnophyllum walter Yoh, Cyathophyllum yunnanense Wang,Hexagonaria sp.等。从共 

生的化石看来,鸡窝寨段也应为中泥盆統上部。 

鸡窝寨段位于宋家桥段之上,望城坡段之下。宋家桥段以砂岩为主,偶夹頁岩薄层; 

鸡窝寨段以石灰岩为主。两者虽系連續沉积,但分界明显。宋家桥段之下是以灰岩为主 

的鸡泡段,其中仍含 Stringocephalus burtini 及 S. obesus 等,但层孔虫較少,似說明鸡泡 

段的时代也是吉維期。这样看来,貴州独山一带中泥盆統上部的吉維阶可分为鸡泡、宋 

家桥、鸡窝寨三段。鸡窝寨段之上为望城坡段,两者也是連續沉积,其中含上泥盆統标 

准化石 Cyrtospirifer sinensis (Grabau)等,下部多为白云貭石灰岩,与鸡窝寨段分界不明 

显。 

根据在独山大河口至四方坡一带以及独山城附近的观察,鸡窝寨段的岩性以石灰岩

148 古生物学报 11 卷 

为主,偶夹白云貭石灰岩及砂岩薄层,大致可分上、下两部: 

下部以石灰岩为主,夹白云貭石灰岩,底部含泥貭石灰岩較多,富含 Stringocephalus burtini。层 

孔虫有 10 属、17 种:Anostylostroma disjunctum Yang et Dong(新种), 

A. cf. amygdaloides (Lecompte), 

Actinostroma mamelliferum Yang et Dong (新种), 

A. undulatum Yang et Dong (新种), 

A. verrocosum (Goldfuss) Lecompte, 

Atelodictyon dahekouense Yang et Dong (新种), 

Trupetostroma dushanense Yang et Dong(新种), 

Tr. bilamellosum Yang et Dong (新种), 

Tr. sublamellosum Lecompte, 

Tr. regulamellatum Yang et Dong (新种), 

Paramphipora blokhini Yavorsky, 

Idiostroma jipaoense Yang et Dong (新种), 

Stachyodes radiata Lecompte, 

Parallelopora? yangmeishanensis Yang et Dong (新种), 

Hermatostroma episcopale Nicholson, 

H. dahekouense Yang et Dong (新种), 

Stylodictyon? laminatum Yang et Dong (新种)。 

上部以深灰色至浅灰色石灰岩为主,白云貭渐次增多,常与薄层棕灰色鈣貭頁岩成互层,底部有 

一层厚 1.5 米的砂岩,作为和下部的分界标志。未見腕足类 Stringocephalus,但 Ambocoella sinense Tien, 

Atrypa desquamata Sowerby;珊瑚 Temnophyllum,Hexagonaria,Cyathophyllum 等仍較多;同时腕足类 

Productella 及 Schizophoria,珊瑚 Disphyllum,Phacellophyllum 等已开始大量出現。根据上述化石,似 

可說明鸡窝寨段上部仍然是中泥盆統上部的一部分,含有层孔虫 5 属 10 种: 

Stictostroma? sp., 

Actinostroma regulare Yavorsky, 

A. tabulatum var. crassa Lecompte, 

A. cf. filitextum Lecompte, 

A. interruptum Yang et Dong (新种), 

Trupetostroma laceratum Lecompte, 

Stromatopora sinopachytexta Yang et Dong (新种), 

St. laminosa Lecompte, 

St. sp., 

Stachyodes? wongchiaoensis Yang et Dong (新种)。 

經过分析和比較,上述我国貴州独山鸡窝寨段中的层孔虫,一部分可以和比利时迪 

南特盆地的相比較,一小部分可以和苏联庫茲湼茨克的相比較,和北美洲可比的种很少。 

說明我国貴州泥盆紀层孔虫羣和欧洲的关系比北美的較为密切。 

标本磨片和摄影都由地貭古生物研究所技术室有关的同志們代制。在工作中也得到 

严紀明同志的协助,特此一并致謝。

2 期杨敬之、董得源:贵州独山风吹草动泥盆统鸡窝寨段中的层孔虫 149 

二、种属描述 

方格层孔虫科 Clathrodictyidae Kuhn,1939 

上柱层孔虫属 Anostylostroma Parks,1936 

不連上柱层孔虫 Anostylostroma disjunctum Yang et Dong(新种) 

(图版 I,图 3—8) 

外部特征:硬体块状,表面有微突起,高 1—2 毫米,直径 4—5 毫米,无星状沟。 

纵切面:骨骼组織由波状細层和支柱組成网格状結构。支柱多局限于二細层之間, 

偶尔迭置穿过若干細层,有的向上膨大,有的呈綫軸状,2 毫米內有 8—10 个,每个寬 

0.05—0.10 毫米。細层波状,向上弯曲的地方构成乳头状突起,組織致密。有些细层的 

中央有一条黑綫,2 毫米內有 12—14 层,每层厚 0.02—0.04 毫米。虫室以圓形及不規則 

的卵形为主,四边形者少見。层間空隙有稀少的、稍为向上弯凸的鱗板,有的向两旁延 

伸,最多可穿过 3—4 个支柱。 

弦切面:支柱呈不規則的黑点,黑点之間沒有放射状突起連接。同心細层和乳头状 

突起很清楚。乳头状突起的中心相距 6—8 毫米。 

比較:少量迭置的支柱及某些細层中央有黑色綫紋,是这个种的主要特征,并以此 

区別于与它很相似的 A. compactum Galloway et St. Jean。同时后者的細层有光滑的边緣, 

支柱圓。和 Anostylostroma kueichowense Chi 的区別是缺失假虫管和細层排列紧密。 

产地及层位:貴州独山城北大河口至四方坡一带;中泥盆統独山阶鸡窝寨段下部。 

采集号:Gy 644-5,Gy 644-1;登記号:13671(正型),13672(副型)。 

上柱层孔虫 cf. 杏仁种 Anostylostroma cf.amygdaloides (Lecompte) 

(图版 II,图 1—3) 

1951, Clathrodictyon amygdaloides Lecompte, Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. Belgique, Mem., no.116, p.141, Pl. XVII, 

figs.3,4; Pl. XVIII, figs.1,2., 2. 

外部特征:硬体层状、块状,外形不詳。未見星状沟,具微突起。 

纵切面:骨骼組織由細层和发育不完全的支柱组成。支柱都局限于两細层之間,有 

的不及一个层間空隙,大多向上膨大,有的呈綫軸状,2 毫米內有 8—10 个,每个宽 

0.04—0.06 毫米。細层平直,細纤維状,致密无细孔,2 毫米內有 8—9 层,每层厚 0.04—0.06 

毫米。层間空隙的寬度不定,自 0.12—0.30 毫米。其中有少量向上弯曲的鱗板,常向两 

旁延伸,有的可穿过若干支柱,有的延伸到細层中,頗似細层本身的黑色中綫。 

比較:这一个标本和計荣森描述的四川平武泥盆系中統上部的标本非常相似。我們 

的标本和計荣森描述的标本无疑是一个种,但这一标本以及計氏的标本和盖洛維等所描 

述的 Anostylostroma laxum (Nicholson)并不相同,測量数据也不一致。这一标本和 Cla- 

throdictyon amygdaloides Lecompte 比較接近,但也不完全一致。因未获得弦切面,暫不


定新种,而与 Anostylostroma amygdaloides Lecompte 相比較。 

产地及层位:貴州独山城北大河口至四方坡一带,中泥盆統独山阶鸡窝寨段下部; 

四川平武中泥盆統上部。 

采集号:644—3;登記号:13673。 

不完整层孔虫属 Atelodictyon Lecompte,1951 

大河口不完整层孔虫 Atelodictyon dahekouense Yang et Dong(新种) 

(图版 III,图 6—7) 

外部特征:硬体块状,风化的側面見有清楚的同心細层和放射支柱,見微突起,未 

見星状沟。 

纵切面:骨骼組織由同心細层和放射支柱組成网状构造。支柱矮而粗壮,有时迭复, 

有时只局限于二細层之間,也有发育不全夹在完整者之間的,未見分叉及丫形的,2 毫 

米內有 9—10 个,每个寬 0.08—0.17 毫米。细层直或稍显波状,有时发育不全,形成鏈 

珠状,2 毫米內有 10—11 层。组織呈纤維状、致密状,有的具黑色外壁,有的无壁状构 

造。虫室圓形、方形、长方形或不規則,很多作横向延伸。此属常見的鱗板在此种中未 

見。 

弦切面:网状构造清楚,支柱呈尖角状小黑点,为放射状突起物連接成多边形或鏈 

状。支柱中心未見亮孔,但有一細暗色边緣,組織致密,約占全面积的 40%。 

比較:这一种的特征是組織致密,支柱有完整的与不完整的二种。此种的組織不及 

属型致密,細层也不及属型显著,故容易区別。此种和本文描述的 Stictostroma? sp.相似, 

但后者的组織疏松,未見迭复支柱,也易区別。 


采集号:Gy 666;登記号:13674。 

斑点层孔虫属 Stictostroma Parks,1936 

斑点层孔虫?sp.Stictostroma? sp. 

(图版 I,图 1,2) 

外部特征:硬体块状、結核状,下面有同心状褶皺的外皮,表面有小蠕虫状結核。 

纵切面:骨骼組織由同心細层和发育不完全的支柱組成。細层清楚,2 毫米內有 8 

层,厚薄不均勻,自 0.07—0.15 毫米。支柱发育不完全,多局限在两細层之間,有的未 

达一个层間空隙,也有很少互相迭复的,分布不規則,一般 2 毫米內有 8—11 个,每个 

寬約 0.1 毫米。虫室形状不規則,呈卵圓形至长方形。組織疏松。 

弦切面:沒有好的弦切面。支柱形状不清楚,骨骼組織中充填着較多的細粒状鉄貭 

氧化物。只見有比較粗厚的骨骼組織所组成的网状构造。 

比較:就纵切面所見特征来看,这一标本应放在 Atelodictyon 属內。但弦切面所显 

示的特征和此属又不一致。它和 Anostylostroma 的关系也很密切,究应归入何属还难肯 

定。 

产地及层位:貴州独山城东北鸡窝寨附近;中泥盆統独山阶鸡窝寨段上部。 

采集号:Gy 342-1;登記号:13675。


放射层孔虫科 Actinostromatidae Nicholson,1886 

放射层孔虫属 Actinostroma Nicholson,1886 

规则放射层孔虫 Actinostroma regulare Yavorsky 

(图版 II, 图 6—9) 

1955, Actinostroma regulare Yavorsky, Stromatoporoidea Советского Союза. Члсть первая. Труды 

ВСЕГЕИ, нов. сер., т.8, Вып.31, Табл. IX, Фиг.5—7. 

外部特征:硬体块状、层状、圓盘状,大小約 80×90×45 毫米,在风化面上看到同 

心細层和穿过細层的放射支柱。 

纵切面:骨骼組織由規則的同心細层和放射支柱組成,排列規則。支柱可連續穿过 

若干細层,連接有放射状突起物,有的中央致密色浅,有黑色外边緣,2 毫米內有 6—7 

个,每个寬 0.06—0.1 毫米。同心細层与支柱直角相交,排列規則,2 毫米內有 8—9 层, 

每层厚 0.04—0.08 毫米。虫室大都呈次圓形或长方形,直径約 0.17 毫米。 

弦切面:骨骼組織由清楚的同心細层和密集的黑色圓点組成。此黑点就是支柱的末 

端在弦切面上的表現。黑色圓点之間大多被放射状突起物所連接。星状沟不清楚。 

比較:我們所描述的标本的同心細层很清楚,有的支柱中央致密色浅,和雅瓦斯基 

(Яворский,1955)在苏联吉維阶中所描述的标本略有不同,但不影响它归于此种。 

产地及层位:貴州独山城北中泥盆統独山阶鸡泡段上部。此种在苏联也分布在中泥 

盆統吉維阶。 

采集号:Gy 606;登記号:13676;13677。 

乳头放射层孔虫 Actinostroma mamelliferum Yang et Dong(新种) 

(图版 III,图 3—5) 

外部特征:硬体块状,外形不詳。具乳头状突起。未見星状沟。 

纵切面:骨骼粗織由粗放射支柱和同心細层組成。支柱分布不規則,有的互相迭置 

穿过若干細层,有的局限于两細层之間,与細层交接的地方有加厚現象,往往形成綫軸 

状,2 毫米內有 10—12 个,每个寬 0.05—0.10 毫米。細层分布不規則,变化很大,有几 

种不同情况:1.致密状連續延伸;2.鏈珠状断續延伸;3. 弯曲状具小褶皺;4.在致 

密层的中央或下面有一条次生黑綫。2 毫米內有細层 9—11 层,每层厚 0.03—0.05 毫米, 

其中的黑綫厚 0.01 毫米。細层之間的距离变化較大。层間空隙中偶見傾斜的向上凸或向 

上凹的鱗板。虫室的形状变化很大,呈长椭圓形至不規則的卵圓形、矩形。骨骼組織呈 

纤維状,具細孔。 

弦切面:同心細层和放射支柱所組成的网状构造很清楚。組織多細孔。放射支柱呈 

不規則的黑色圓点,有些黑点的中央是空的,黑点之間大多为放射状突起物所連接。由 

同心細层构成的乳头状突起很清楚,乳头状突起之間的距离为 7—10 毫米。 

比較:这个种与 Actinostroma tabulatum Lecompte 很相似,但后者的細层分布較規 

則,支柱更粗厚,无迭置現象。在弦切面上呈現的黑点作不規則的角状結构。与 A. cras- 

sepilatum Lecompte 也很相似,只是后者的細层比較規則,支柱粗厚,骨骼组織模糊不


清。与 A. verrucosum (Goldfuss) Lecompte 的区別是后者的支柱呈圓錐状迭置和細层規 

則。支柱分布不規則且变化多端,支柱呈綫軸状迭置,是这一种的主要特征。 


采集号:Gy 644-4;登記号:13678(正型)。 

中断放射层孔虫 Actinostroma interruptum Yang et Dong(新种) 

(图版 IV,图 7—9;图版 V,图 1) 

外部特征:硬体块状、层状,基部有外皮,表面上有低而密集的乳头状突起,星状 

沟偶見。 

纵切面:骨骼組織由支柱和細层及少量的鱗板組成。支柱分布較不規則,大多穿过 

若干細层,有的呈綫軸状互相迭置,也有的只局限于二細层之間,2 毫米內有 8—12 个, 

每个寬 0.05—0.16 毫米。細层分布規則,偶有黑色中綫,可能由鱗板延伸与之重合而成, 

2 毫米內有 9—11 层,每层厚 0.04—0.10 毫米。层间空隙中有少量向上凸的鱗板,长短 

不一,有的向二旁平伸,穿过若干支柱而与細层平行,甚至重合,有的只傾斜分布在一 

个虫室中。虫室呈不規則的卵圓形或次圓形。整个骨骼組織致密无細孔。 

弦切面:由同心細层組成的乳头状突起很清楚,相距 7—10 毫米。支柱呈不規則的 

黑色小点,黑点之間大都为放射状突起物所連接。星状沟不清楚。 

比較:紧密排列的支柱和細层及少量分布不規則的鱗板,是这个种的主要特征。它 

与 Actinostroma conglomaratum Lecompte 很相似,但后者的支柱較粗厚,排列較稀疏, 

細层的分布也較不規則。它与 A. stellulatum Nicholson 的主要区別是后者缺少鱗板,而 

且支柱在弦切面上呈尖角状。 

产地及层位:貴州独山城北大河口至四方坡一带;中泥盆統独山阶鸡窝寨段上部。 


放射层孔虫 cf.羊齿种 Actinostroma cf. filitextum Lecompte 

(图版 IV,图 5,6) 

外部特征:硬体块状、半圓球状。表面特征不清楚。有时有星状沟。 

纵切面:骨骼組織由支柱和細层組成。支柱粗厚,分布距离远近不甚規則,与細层 

交接的地方有加厚現象,2 毫米內有 5—7 个。每个寬 0.1—0.2 毫米。細层排列規則,2 

毫米內有 8—10 层,每层厚 0.07—0.10 毫米。組織致密、纤維状。虫室为不甚規則的卵 

圓形至椭圓形。 

弦切面:細层清楚,支柱呈次圓形黑点,被放射状突起連接。骨骼粗織呈纤維状, 

約占总面积的 40%。 

比較:支柱与細层交接处加厚及組織呈纤維状是这个种的主要特征。它与 A.bifarium 

Nicholson 的区別是沒有大小差异很大的二組支柱,在弦切面上的网状构造也不呈尖角 

状。与 A. filitextum Lecompte 的区別是后者的支柱和細层,在交接的地方无加厚現象, 

因而介于其間的虫室的形状也有所不同。 

产地及层位:貴州独山城北大河口至四方坡一带;中泥盆統独山阶鸡窝寨段上部。


采集号:Gy 687-1;登記号:13681(正型)。 

弯曲放射层孔虫 Actinostroma undulatum Yang et Dong(新种) 

(图版 III,图 1,2) 

外部特征:硬体块状,外形不詳,表面分布有少許乳头状突起。 

纵切面:骨骼組織由粗壮的放射支柱和同心細层組成。支柱和細层直交,分布很規 

則。支柱可連續地穿过許多細层甚至整个硬体,2 毫米內有 5—8 个,每个寬 0.08—0.15 

毫来。細层簡单,分布規則,2 毫米內有 10—12 层,每层厚 0.04—0.06 毫米。支柱和細 

层連接的地方无加厚現象。虫室长方形,横向延伸或呈不規則的矩形。层間空隙无鱗板。 

組織致密状、纤維状,有时有次生充填物貭。 

弦切面:同心細层很清楚,支柱呈不規則的角状黑色圓点,黑点之間由放射状突起 

物連接。骨骼組織呈纤維状。 

比較:同心細层和放射支柱组成非常規則的网状构造是这一种的主要特征。它与 

Actinostroma septatum var. robustum Lecompte 的区別是后者的层問空隙含有鳞板。与 A. 

filitextum Lecompte 的区別是后者的細层分布較不規則。与 A. regulare Yavorsky 相比較, 

本种具有更加規則的支柱和細层,且排列比較紧密。骨骼组織中充滿細纤維。根据上述 

特征故定为新种。 

产地及层位:貴州独山城北;独山阶鸡窝寨段下部。 

采集号:Gy 644-2;登記号:13682(正型)。 

板状放射层孔虫厚变种 Actinostroma tabulatum var. crassum Lecompte 

(图版 IV,图 3,4) 

1951, Actinostroma tabulatum var. erassum Lecompte, Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. Belgiue, Mem, no.116, p. 103, Pl. 

VII, fig.3. 

外部特征:硬体圓盘状、块状,大小 11×5.5 毫米。风化面上見有同心細层和放射支 

柱。具乳头状突起。 

纵切面:骨骼組織由粗厚而显著的放射支柱和較不显著的同心細层組成。支柱粗壮, 

排列較不規則,大多穿过許多細层,也有在細层上下呈粗点状的,2 毫米內有 7—8 个; 

每个厚 0.10—0.16 毫米,組織致密一致,有的支柱中間具一黑色綫紋。細层薄,不甚显 

著,有的断續延伸,有的好像是由略向上凸或向上凹的鱗板組成,显不規則状,甚至单 

独分布在二个支柱中間。2 毫米內有 9—10 层,每层厚 0.01—0.04 毫米。組織致密一致。 

虫室卵圓形,少数为方形。 

弦切面:同心細层清楚可見。支柱呈不規則的多边形或圓点状,中央顏色較浅,相 

互之間被放射状突起物連接,組成尖角网状构造。 

比較:我們所描述的标本与萊口坡堤(Lecompte,1951 年,p.103)描述的此利时寇文 

地区的标本几乎是一致的,但支柱的排列稍不規則。 


在比利时,此种主要分佈在上泥盆統的弗拉那阶下段。


采集号:Gy 672;登記号:13683。 

疣放射层孔虫 Actinostroma verrocosum (Goldfuss) Lecompte 

(图版 V, 图 1,2) 

1826, Geriopora verrucosa Goldfuss, Leipzig, Ist. ed., p.33, pl. X, fig.6. 

1881, Stromatopora verrucosa Bargatzky, Verhandl. Naturhist. vereins prcuss. Rheinlande Westfalens, 

vol.38, p.55. 

1886, Actinostroma verrucosum Nicholson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Set.5, vol.17, p.228. 

1888, Actinostroma verrucosum Nicholson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser.6, vol.1, p.134, pl. XVI, figs. 4—6. 

1913, Actinostroma verrucosum Paeckelmann, Geol. Landesanstalt, N. F., Heft.70, p.347, pl. VII, fig.7. 

1914, Actinostroma verrucosum Heinrich, Zentralbt. Min. Geol. Palaeont., p.732—736. 

1930, Actinostroma verrucosum? Yavorsky, Изв. Геол-Разв. Упр., Т. LXIX, No.4, стр.81, табл. II, фиг.4 и 5. 

1933, Actinostroma verrucosum? Ripper, Roy. Soc. Victoria proc., vol.45, p.154, fig.1,5c et 5d. 

1951, Actinostroma verrucosum (Goldfuss) Lecompte, Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. Belgique, Mem. No.116, pp.107, 

pl. IX, figs.1—8; pl, x, figs.1—2. 

1955, Actinostroma verrucosum Yavorsky, Stromatoporoidea Советского Союза. Часть первая. Труды 

ВСЕГЕИ, нов. сер., т,8, Вып.28—29, Табл. VIII, фиг.3—5. 

外部特征:硬体块状,外形不詳,有一寬大的基部。有星状沟和乳头状突起。保存 

好的标本表面有許多小結核,自口放射状支柱的頂端。 

纵切面:骨骼組織由肥厚的放射支柱和同心細层組成。网状結构較疏松,支柱似有 

不清楚的壁,但中間不空,分布較不規則,大都穿过細层 2—5 层,有的可达 10 层以上, 

少数局限于二細层之間,2 毫米內有 6—8 个,每个寬 0.08—0.14 毫米。细层清楚,2 毫 

米內有 10—12 层,每层厚 0.05 毫米。整个組織致密一致。 

弦切面:放射支柱呈不規則的多边形黑色粗点,有的中心空,周围有壁,相互間被 

放射状突起連接,构成与六射海綿相似的网状构造及尖角状空隙。 

比較:在萊口坡堤(1951,Lecompte)所描述的标本中,有呈倒錐状迭置的支柱,有 

的在細层下面有泡沫状空泡,有的在层間空隙中有少数鱗板。这些特征在我們所描述的 

标本中都沒有見到。我們所描述的标本和苏联雅瓦斯基(1955 年,p.28)所描述的中泥盆 

統艾斐尔阶的标本非常相似,只是后者的骨骼組織致密,同心細层很显著;而我們的标 

本的骨骼組織呈纤維状。 


采集号:Gy 670;登記号:13684。 

穿孔层孔虫属 Trupetostroma Parks,1936 

独山穿孔层孔虫 Trupetostroma dushanense Yang et Dong(新种) 

(图版 V,图 2—6) 

外部特征:硬体块状,外形大都不規則。表面特征不清楚,无乳头状突起,但有較 

低的小突起。星状沟細小而分散,不是标准的放射状。粗层較薄,不甚明显。常和其他


化石共生。 

纵切面:骨骼組織由厚薄不均的弯曲細层和粗厚的綫軸状支柱所組成。细层稍显波 

状,2 毫米內有 9—10 层,有非常显著的暗黑色的連續的中央微細层,厚約 0.016 毫米, 

上下为不規則的浅色层所围繞。上层厚約 0.03 毫米,下层厚約 0.02 毫米。組織致密, 

稍显纤維状,无細孔。有的細层很厚,具厚度变化很大的、光亮的中間层,作不規則的 

延伸,上下为深色的組織所围繞。上层厚約 0.09 毫米,下层厚約 0.12 毫米。支柱粗厚, 

呈綫軸状,在直立的方向上互相迭置,2 毫米內有 5—6 个,每个寬 0.10—0.19 毫米。组 

織纤維状,顏色較浅、模糊不清,有时含一些細小的丛状点,直径約 0.024 毫米。周围 

偶有小空泡,直径約 0.023 毫米。虫室呈不規則的卵圓形,向上迭置,好似連續的假虫 

管。每个虫室的平均高度为 0.18 毫米,寬 0.25 毫米,其間很少有房間孔連接。星状沟 

不清楚,有分散分布的前沟,长短不一,寬与高約为虫室的 2 倍。层間空隙中未見鳞板。 

弦切面:骨骼組織約占总面积的 80%。支柱粗大,形状不規則,相互連接,与細层 

合并,有的呈拟蠕虫状結构。骨骼組織呈纤維状、丛毛状,有的含細孔,但无規則的斑 

点状組織。虫室呈卵形、次圓形、蠕虫状或不規則的形状,其大小儿与支柱相当。星状 

沟較发育,前沟的直径为 0.12 毫米,长短不一,中央沟的中心相距 2—8 毫米。 

比較:暗黑色的中央微細层和光亮的中間层,骨骼組織呈纤維状、丛毛状,层間空 

隙无鳞板等,是这个种的主要特征。它与 Trupetostroma? raricystosum Galloway and 

St. Jean 非常相似,除在微細骨骼上所測得的一些数据有差异外,后者尚有比較明显 

的鱗板。与 T. crassum Lecompte 的主要区別也是缺少鳞板。它与 T. thomasi var. 

ardvennensis Lecompte 也很相似,但后者具有非常显著的假虫管。 

产地及层位:貴州独山城东北楊梅山;中泥盆統独山阶鸡窝寨段下部。 

采集号:Gy 243,Gy 251;登記号:13685(正型),13686(副型)。 

双层穿孔层孔虫 Trupetostroma bilamellosum Yang et Dong(新种) 

(图版 VI,图 3,4) 

外部特征:硬体块状,表面有乳头状突起,星状沟不清楚。 

纵切面:骨骼組織由規則的波状細层和粗壮的放射支柱組成。細层黑色致密,呈波 

状,2 毫米內有 8—9 层,每层厚 0.02—0.025 毫米,在規則的細层下面多半还有一层延 

伸不規則、厚薄不一的細层,与上面的一层几乎平行,二层之間的距离約 0.08 毫米,好 

似每个細层是由两层排列紧密的微細层組成的,因而在 2 毫米內可达 18 层,中間空, 

有的呈細孔状。支柱粗厚,呈放射状排列,有的呈綫軸状,在直立方向上相互迭置,2 

毫米內有 4—5 个,每个寬 0.23 毫米,組織呈纤維状,顏色較浅。有的支柱不显著,大 

多混合在一起,无边緣結构,通常被与細层相垂直的黑色細支柱所穿过,可穿越若干細 

层,厚薄不一,平均厚度約 0.02—0.025 毫米,有的稍弯曲。虫室呈不規則的次圓形, 

直径 0.15—0.23 毫米,偶見傾斜的鳞板。假虫管稀少,常与細层平行,寬 0.25 毫米,长 

1.0 毫米,長长可达 3.2 毫米。层間空隙中含少量的、向水平方向延伸的鳞板。鱗板可穿 

过数个支柱,与細层几乎平行,厚 0.018 毫米。 

弦切面:同心細层和放射支柱很清楚。由同心細层組成的乳头状突起很显著,其上


未見星状沟。乳头状突起彼此相距 5—6 毫米。骨骼組織呈纤維状、丛毛状,多細孔。 

虫室的形状及大小均不規則。 

比較:细层由两层排列紧密的微細层組成,支柱粗壮,具細支柱,是这个种的主要 

特征。它比較接近于 Trupetostroma? raricystosum Galloway and St. Jean,但前者的支柱很 

粗壮,且往往混合在一起,被細支柱所穿过,有双細层;而后者只有一层黑色的微細层。 

与 Tr. crassum Lecompte 的主要区別是后者的粗支柱中无細层穿过,且粗織致密,无乳 

头状突起。而与 Tr. thomasi var. ardvenensis Lecompte 的区別是缺少直立的假虫管和星状 

沟。 

产地及层位:貴州独山城北大河口至四方坡一带。中泥盆統独山阶鸡窝寨段下部。 

采集号:Gy 642-1;登記号:13687(正型)。 

規則层状穿孔层孔虫 Trupetostroma regulamellatum Yang et Dong(新种) 

(图版 VI,图 5—8) 

外部特征:硬体块状、层状,有乳头状突起。星状沟不清楚,其他特征不詳。 

纵切面:骨骼组織由規則的波状细层和粗綫軸状支柱所組成。細层致密清楚、黑色, 

分布規則,2 毫米內有 7—8 层,每层厚 0.02 毫米。支柱粗壮,呈綫軸状,在直立方向 

相互迭置,2 毫米內有 4 个,每个寬約 0.3 毫米,顏色較浅,組織致密一致,局部細点 

状。边緣有小空泡,最外面似有一深色外壁。虫室呈次圓形,直径約 0.25 毫米,在直立 

方向上相互迭置,似假虫管,虫室之間无房間孔連接。具粗层,两粗层的間距約 0.8 厘 

米,每个粗层的厚度約 1.0 毫米。 

弦切面:骨骼組織致密,含許多細点及細孔。细点及細孔的分布不勻。支柱粗厚, 

多細孔,有外壁,相互連接。同心細层和粗层都清楚可見。乳头状突起很显著,相互間 

距为 0.5—1.0 厘米。未見星状沟。 

比較:支柱粗,具細孔和外壁組織,細层致密色暗黑,是此种的王要特征。它与 Tru- 

petostroma?. raricystosum Galloway and St. Jean 的区別是后者有鱗板,而前者的細层为波 

状,有乳头状突起及粗层。与 Tr. thomasi var. arduennesis Lecompte 的主要区別是沒有显 

著的假虫管。与本文描述的 Tr. bilamellosum Yang et Dong (sp. nov.)的区別是本种缺少鱗 

板和大而显著的星状沟。 


采集号:Gy 642-2,Gy 322;登記号:13688(正型),13689(副型)。 

分裂穿孔层孔虫 Trupetostroma laceratum Lecompte 

(图版 VII, 图 6,7) 

1952, Trupetostroma laceratum Lecompte, Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. Belgique, Mem., No.117, p.228—229, pl. 

XXXVIII, fig.1. 

外部特征:硬体块状、半圓球状,底部往往复有外皮,大小为 5×9×7 厘米。表面参 

差不齐,有显著的乳头状突起。此标本往往寄生在其他层孔虫面上,星状沟不清楚。 

纵切面:骨骼組織由波状細层和粗支柱組成。支柱粗壮,呈綫軸状或絲縷状,在直


立方向相互迭置,有的排列不規則;粗織致密、纤維状,常具細孔,2 毫米內有 6—8 

个,每个寬 0.1 毫米。細层波状,在其弯曲的頂部为乳头状突起,2 毫米內有 11—12 层, 

中央为黑色的致密层,厚約 0.015 毫米,上、下为纤维状细层所围繞,总厚約 0.05 毫米。 

也有一些細层向两旁延伸一段距离后,又和其他細层汇合在一起。虫室圓形、卵形或长 

卵形,平均直径約 0.2—0.5 毫米,其中有弯曲的鱗板 1—3 条。假虫管清楚,常纵向排 

列成行,往往被弯曲的鱗板或細层所隔开,好象蜂房。在星状沟的前沟內可以看到弯曲 

的鱗板。 

弦切面:骨骼組織呈纤維状,具細孔和斑点。支柱和細层构成不規則的网状結构。 

支柱形状不規則,常連接在一起。层間空隙的形状大小不規則,其中常有弯曲的鱗板。 

星状沟前沟的直径約 0.6—0.8 毫米,长短不一,未見中央沟。 

比較:我們所描述的标本与萊口坡堤(1952 年,p.228)所描述的、比利时寇文地区泥 

盆系弗拉那层底部的标本是一个种,但后者的組織致密;前者的組織呈纤維状,多細孔, 

层間空隙中有較多的鳞板。 

产地及层位:貴州独山城东南河底下和香碾坝一带;中泥盆統独山阶鸡窝寨段上部。 

在比利时此种主要分布在上泥盆統弗拉那层中。 

采集号:Gy 319;登記号:13690。 

次层状穿孔层孔虫 Trupetostroma sulblamellatum Lecompte 

(图版 VII, 图 1—5) 

1952, Trupetostroma sublamellatum Lecompte, Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. Belgique. Mem., No.117, p.226—227, pl. 

XXXVII, fig.2. 

1955, Stromatopora pellucida Yavorsky var. artyschtensis Yavorsky, Stromatoporoidea Советского Союза. 

Часть первая. Труды ВСЕГЕИ, нов. сер., т.8, Вып.100—101, Табл. LII, фиг.1,2. 

外部特征:硬体块状、圓球状、半圓球状,常与他种层孔虫生长在一起。高約 8 厘米。 

有显著的乳头状突起,高 3 毫米,寬約 5 毫米。有时見星状沟。 

纵切面:骨骼粗織由波状同心細层和粗綫軸状放射支柱所組成。細层致密、色黑, 

呈波状,分布規則。在細层两边无次生加厚現象,2 毫米內有 14—17 层,每层厚 0.02 

毫米。支柱粗壮,呈綫軸状,在直立方向上互相迭置,組織致密,呈纤維状,顏色較浅, 

具黑色綫状边緣,好似外壁組織,2 毫米內有 5—7 个,每个寬 0.15—0.20 毫米。假虫管 

很清楚,內有横板。横板是由黑色綫状細层延續而来,或是由細层殘留下来的。在圓球 

状硬体的放射状切面上,细层呈同心圓状,支柱呈圓柱状,中央部分的組織混合不清, 

越向边緣細层的排列越加紧密。常与其他层孔虫生长在一起。 

弦切面:骨骼組織呈纤維状、丛毛状、有的具細孔。支柱粗厚,相互連接,形状不 

規則,边緣有小細孔,最外边有黑色綫状边緣,好似外壁。层間空隙的形状不規則,有 

的呈拟蠕虫状。星状沟的中央管相距 0.5—0.7 厘米。 

比較:这个种与苏联庫茲湼茨克盆地中泥盆統的 Stromatopora pellucida var. artys- 

chtensis Yavorsky 非常相似,但苏联标本中的細层两边有次生空泡组織。雅瓦斯基描述 

苏联层孔虫的过程中,沒有把 Trupetostroma 属列入层孔虫目,所以把这个种放入 Stro- 

matopora 属中。实际上雅瓦斯基所描述的 S. pellucida var. artyschtensis Yavorsky 和我們


現在所描述的标本与萊口坡堤所描述的比利时寇文地区的 Trupetostroma sublamellatum 

Lecompte 可能都是同一个种。 

产地及层位:貴州独山鸡窝寨瀑布西北陡坡;中泥盆統独山阶鸡窝寨段下部。在比 

利时主要分布在吉維层中,也可延續到弗拉那层的底部。 

采集号:Gy 341;登記号:13691,13692。 

独体层孔虫科 Idiostromatidae Nicholson,1886 

拟双孔层孔虫属 Paramphipora Yavorsky,1955 

布洛克欣氐拟双孔层孔虫 Paramphipora blokhini Yavorsky 

(图版 VIII,图 1,2) 

1955, Paramphipora blokhini Yavorsky, Stromatoporoidea Советского Союза. Часть первая. Труды 

ВСЕГЕИ, нов. сер., т.8, Вып.158, Табл. LXXXVI, Фиг.10—15. 

外部特征:硬体細柱状、棒状,直径 4—5 毫米,最长可达 35 毫米。某些硬体常具 

彼此方向一致或不一致的树枝状枝。树枝状枝的表面上看不到任何其他的特征。 

纵切面:骨骼粗織纤維状、丛毛状,支柱和細层混合在一起,无黑色致密的中綫。 

虫室排列紧密,形状不很規則,大都纵向延伸,寬 0.1—0.3 毫米,长短不一,有的互相 

連通。具边緣泡沫带,但无显著的外壁結构。 

横切面:硬体中心有一細中軸管,直径 0.2 毫米。骨骼组織粗厚,呈纤維状,有細 

孔。虫室一般呈圓形,直径 0.1—0.2 毫米,也有形状不規則的,接近边緣的虫室比較圓, 

其中有时有横板,组成边緣的泡沫带寬約 0.3 毫米。 

比較:我們的标本組織呈纤維状、丛毛状,无显著的外壁,和雅瓦斯基(1955 年,p.158) 

描述的苏联烏拉尔南部的标本不完全一致。 

产地及层位:貴州独山城北大河口至四方坡一带。中泥盆統独山阶鸡窝寨段下部。 

在苏联大都分布在中泥盆統。 

采集号:Gy 650;登記号:13693。 

独体层孔虫属 Idiostroma Winchell,1867 

鸡泡独体层孔虫 Idiostroma jipaoense Yang et Dong(新种) 

(图版 IX,图 1—3) 

外部特征:硬体块状、圓柱状。枝排列很紧或单独生长,直径 5—10 毫米,长度不 

清楚,有的具小分枝。从横断面看,有些柱体具中央管,有的沒有中央管。 

纵切面:由于硬体生长情况不規則,切制薄片不易掌握方向,不能清楚地观察硬体 

的結构。但大体上可以知道骨骼組織是由穹形同心細层和綫軸状迭复的长放射支柱所組 

成。細层发育不完整,常呈唸珠状,和支柱多直角相交,有时混合在一起,形成蠕虫状 

假虫管。組織纤維状。 

横切面:圓柱状硬体彼此連生在一起。有的柱体具中央管。中央管被同心細层和放 

射支柱所围繞。有的柱体沒有中央管。2 毫米內有放射支柱 8—9 个,每个寬 0.1—0.2 

毫米。相同距离內有同心細层 6—8 层,每层厚度变化較大,自 0.1—0.2 毫米。中央管


的直径最大达 1.4—2.0 毫米,可能有支沟。虫室圓形或卵形,平均直径 0.2—0.3 毫米。 

有些虫室互相連通,好似假虫管。組織致密,呈纤維状,无細孔。 

比較:本种与 Idiostroma uralicum Yavorsky 很相似,但后者的骨骼組織多細孔,并 

具有通过支柱和細层中央的黑色綫紋。与 I. hunanense Chi 的区別,是此种的中央管中 

和层間空隙中无鱗板。 

产地及层位:貴州独山城东南鸡泡西南一里处;中泥盆統独山阶鸡窝寨段下部。 

采集号:Gy 250;登記号:13694(正型)。 

穗层孔虫属 Stachyodes Bargatzky,1867 

放射穗层孔虫 Stachyodes radiata Lecompte 

(图版 VIII, 图 3—6) 

1952, Stachyodes radiata Lecompte, Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. Belgique. Mem., No.117, p.307—308, pl. LXI, 

figs.2,3; pl. LXIII, figs.1,2. 

外部特征:硬体为小而不規則的树枝状,直径 4—10 毫米,最长者可超过 30 毫米。 

表面布滿了小突起和相应的細小陷孔。 

纵切面:骨骼組織由拱形的細层和模糊不清的支柱及中央管所組成。组織纤維状, 

有的具細孔。支柱模糊不清,几与細层直交,呈放射状排列,好似为許多細薄而互相平 

行的細纤維所組成,发育不完整。多局限于两細层之間,有的不及一个层間空隙,有的 

呈束状穿过若干細层,寬度不定,顏色較浅。細层排列紧密,呈黑色綫状,在軸部呈弧 

形或拱形,頂部的弯曲度大,层間距离寬,边緣区逐漸加密,并与中央管平行,2 毫米 

內有 22—25 层,每层厚 0.02 毫米,层間距离靠近边緣部分为 0.04—0.06 毫米。中央管 

清楚,有外壁,直径上、下不一,自 0.2—0.5 毫米,有与中央管垂直或少許向下延伸的 

支管。支管直径 0.14 毫米,与中央管連通,其中都具鱗板,鱗板厚 0.02 毫米。假虫管 

較多,几与細层直交,內具横板,好似重迭的虫室,直径 0.05—0.10 毫米,2 毫米內有 

6 个。虫室呈次圓形或椭圓形,直径自 0.10—0.26 毫米。 

横切面:由同心細层和放射支柱組成的网状結构很清楚。細层呈同心状,排列紧密, 

尤以在边緣部分更为显著。支柱纤維状,作放射状排列。中央管圓形,直径 0.4 毫米, 

围繞中央管的組織模糊不清,呈纤維状,具細孔和細点。假虫管排列成放射状,与細层 

直交。虫室次圓形至不規則状。 

比較:我們所描述的标本与萊口坡堤(1952 年,p.307)所描述的比利时寇文地区的 

标本是同一个种。后者可能因保存不够完整,在硬体的边緣沒有看到与中央管几近平行 

的細层,但其他特征則相似。 

产地及层位:貴州独山鸡窝寨西北面一里处;中泥盆統独山阶鸡窝寨段下部。 


翁桥穗层孔虫? Stachyodes? wongchiaoensis Yang et Dong(新种) 

(图版 VIII,图 7,8) 

外部特征:硬体細柱状,有的呈树枝状,有的单独分布,直径 4—5 毫米。硬体表


面的其他特征不詳。 

纵切面:骨骼組織纤維状,含少而稀疏的斑孔,由于重結晶作用,使細层和支柱模 

糊不清,常混合組成粗厚的网状結构,但还可以見到拱形細层。支柱呈放射状,几与細 

层垂直。中央管大而清楚,具弯曲横板,直径 0.3—0.6 毫米,和少数支管連接,两者几 

近直交。支管的直径为 0.16—0.20 毫米。虫室的大小和形状不規則,略显纵向延伸,寬 

約 0.1—0.2 毫米。骨骼組織中无黑色中綫和边緣泡沫带。 

横切面:由細层和支柱組成的网状组織混合在一起,但同心状結构还能看到。細层 

和支柱的寬度为 0.08—0.15 毫米。中央管清楚,横切面呈圓形,直径 0.60 毫米。虫室多 

呈次圓形或不規則状,有的互相連通。組織纤維状,具细孔,顏色較浅。 

比較:此种与 Stachyodes tomiensis (Yavorsky)的区別是缺少黑色微細层。因未見微 

細层,故定为 Stachyodes 还有疑問。按组織的特征来說,此种也可能是一个 Dendrostroma。 

粗大的中央管,虫室的纵向延伸及模糊不清的細层和支柱是此种的主要特征。 

产地及层位:貴州独山东南翁桥鉄路旁;中泥盆統独山阶鴻窝寨段上部。 

采集号:Gy 367;登記号:13697(正型)。 

层孔虫科 Stromatoporidae Winchell,1867 

层孔虫属 Stromatopora Goldfuss,1826 

中华厚层层孔虫 Stromatopora sinopachytexta Yang et Dong(新种) 

(图版 IX,图 4,5) 

外部特征:硬体块状、外形不詳,有細小的星状沟、微突起及粗层。 

纵切面:骨骼組織由粗壮的支柱和不規則的細层組成。支柱粗壮,中央組織致密, 

顏色淡,边緣具細孔或細点,可穿越几个細层,排列紧密,无外壁結构,2 毫米內有 6—8 

个,每个厚 0.12—0.20 毫米。細层不显著,作不規則的断续延伸,常在支柱之間中断, 

2 毫米內有 12 层,厚度变化很大,自 0.02—0.10 毫米,和支柱交接的地方膨大,形成細 

孔。有纵向排列的假虫管。粗层显著,其中含細层和支柱,厚度变化很大,自 0.6—2 

毫米。組織斑点状,多細孔。 

弦切面:骨骼組織排列紧密。中央浅色致密的支柱多半連接在一起,边緣无壁,不 

圓滑,为暗色的斑点或細孔状組織所围繞。假虫管呈囊状。星状沟細小而清楚,中央沟 

与前沟連通,前沟多半有分枝,中央沟的直径为 0.30 毫米,枝沟平均寬 0.10 毫米,星 

状沟中心相距 4—6 毫米。 

比較:这个种和已发現的其他种都不同。它的主要特征是支柱空,无外壁結构,但 

为斑点所围繞;边緣不規則;細层不显著,断續分布;星状沟細小,分布較密。它与 

Stromato- pora pachytexta Lecompte 比較接近,但后者的骨骼組織排列較寬松,支柱坚实, 

层間空隙中有鱗板。 

产地及层位:貴州独山城东南河底下和香碾坝一带;中泥盆統独山阶鸡窝寨段上部。 

采集号:Gy 332-1;登記号:13698(正型)。


层状层孔虫 Stromatopora laminosa Lecompte 

(图版 II, 图 4,5) 

1952, Stromatopora laminosa Lecompte, Inst, Roy. Sci., Nat. Belgique, Men. No.117, p.276, pl.55, fig.3; 

pl.56. figs.1,2. 

1957, Stromatopora laminosa Galloway et St. Jean, Bull. Amer. Paleont. Vol.37, No.162, p.174, pl. 14, figs.1a, 

b,2. 

外部特征:硬体块状、外形不詳,由波状微細层和細而矮的放射支柱組成。星状沟 

不显著,具粗层。 

纵切面:骨骼組織由同心微細层和发育不完全的支柱組成。骨骼組織細点状或細孔 

状。支柱从細层上长出,短而細,发育不完全,只限于二細层之間。细层粗厚,排列紧 

密,呈細点状及細孔状,2 毫米內有 10—12 层。虫室細小,形状不規則,四周被細点状 

組織包围。假虫管粗大,稀少,排列不規則。 

弦切面:整个面积的80%以上都为骨骼組織所占有。骨骼組織呈細点状,支柱与細 

层混合在一起。虫室卵圓形或长管状。星状沟不显著,內具横板。 

比較:此种的主要特征是支柱細矮,发育不完全,細层密,由細点状組織粗成。假 

虫管显著,和其他种容易区別。 


采集号:Gy 688;登記号:13699。 

层孔虫 sp.Stromatopora sp. 

(图版 X,图 1,2) 

外部特征:硬体块状、外形不詳,具不規則的粗层。粗层之間的距离变化很大, 

自 0.5—1.2 厘米,厚 0.5—1.0 毫米。在波状粗层向上弯曲的地方有星状沟。硬体常寄生 

在其他层孔虫(Trupetostroma)表面上。 

纵切面:骨骼組織致密紆維状,偶見黑色細斑点,由不清楚的放射支柱和比較清楚 

的波状細层组成。支柱寬 0.12 毫米,每 2 毫米內有 7 个。細层厚 0.1 毫米,每 2 毫米內 

有 7—9 层。虫室圓形或长方形,鱗板很少。假虫管弯曲,不規則。有星状沟,但很小。 

骨骼組織占全面积的 80%以上。 

这个种的纵切面和 Stromatopora eumaculosa Galloway et St. Jean 很接近,但未得到 

弦切面,还不能定种。 

产地及层位:貴州独山东南河底下和香碾埙一带;中泥盆統独山阶鸡窝寨段上部。 

采集号:Gy 332-2;登記号:13700。 

平行层孔虫属 Parallelopora Bargatzky,1881 

楊梅山平行层孔虫? Parallelopora? yangmeishanensis Yang et Dong(新种) 

(图版 VI,图 1,2) 

外部特征:硬体块状、外形不詳,乳头状突起不显著,星状沟很发育。


纵切面:骨骼組織由規則的細层和粗壮的綫軸状支柱所组成。細层分布規則,厚薄 

变化很大,2 毫米內有 14—16 层;有的具暗黑色的中央微细层,厚約 0.04 毫米,上、 

下为多孔状組織所围繞;有的具光亮的中間层,好似由小的空泡所組成,平均厚度約 0.06 

毫米,上、下为延伸不規則的黑色层所围繞,上层厚 0.06 毫米,下层厚 0.02 毫米。支 

柱粗,有时为綫軸状,在直立方向互相迭置而不切断細层,2 毫米內有 6—8 个,一般寬 

0.2—0.25 毫米。支柱的中央为黑色致密組織,周围有小细孔。細孔常纵向排列成行,大 

小自 0.02—0.08 毫米。有的呈纤維状,常具黑色的小斑点。虫室呈不規則的圓形,在直 

立方向互相迭置,犹如假虫管,平均直径約 0.2 毫米。层間空隙中偶見小而傾斜的鱗板。 

星状沟的前沟部分分布成分散状。 

弦切面:骨骼粗織呈斑点状,支柱粗大,形状不規则,相互連接,与細层合并,有 

黑色边围繞虫室。中央部分的顏色較深。虫室的大小和形状都不規則。星状沟大而清楚, 

含 4—5 个前沟,中央沟的直径为 0.75 毫米,前沟的直径約 0.4—0.5 毫米,长度不定, 

最长者达 4.5 毫米,有时分布有傾斜的横板。中央沟相互之間的距离为 1.35 毫米。 

比較:斑点状骨骼組織和大而显著的星状沟是此种的主要特征。它与 Parallelopora 

typicalis Galloway et St.Jean 的区別是,后者缺少显著的星状沟,同时支柱及細层具平 

行細管,而不是平行排列的小孔。此种归入 Parallelopora 属可能还有問題,或是 Trupeto- 

stroma。按骨骼組織来看,很象 Parallelopora, 但支柱缺少平行排列的細管及黑直綫。 

产地及层位:貴州独山城东北楊梅山;中泥盆統独山阶鸡窝寨段下部。 

采集号:Gy 244;登記号:13701(正型)。 

支柱层孔虫属 Hermatostroma Nicholson,1886 

外观支柱层孔虫 Hermatostroma episcopale Nicholson 

(图版 X, 图 3—6) 

1892, Hermatostroma episcopale Nicholson, Palaeont. Soc. London, vol.46, p.219, pl. XXVIII, figs. 4—11. 

1841, ?Stromatopora concentrica Phillips, Palaeont. Foss. of Cornwall, p.18, pl. X, figs.28a—b. 

1931, ?Hermatostroma episcopale Yavorsky, Изв. Всес. Геол-Разв. обьед, TL, вып.14, табл. V, фиг.5,6. 

1934, ?Hermatostroma episcopale Le Maitre, Mem. Soc. Geol. Nord, t.12, p.198, pl. XV. figs.5,6; pl. XVI, 

figs.1—2. 

1937, Hermatostroma episcopale Ripper, Roy. Soc. Victoria Proc., new ser. Vol.50, p.29, pl. V, figs.7,8. 

1952, Hermatostroma episcopale Lecompte, Inst. Roy. Sci., Nat. Belgique, Mem. No.117, pp.260—263, pl. 

XLVIII, fig.4; pl. XLIX, figs.1,2. 

外部特征:硬体块状,外形大都不規則,表面有乳头状突起和星状沟及小結核,常 

附着在其他层孔虫上。 

纵切面:骨骼組織由波状同心細层和粗放射支柱所組成。粗織斑点状,具細孔。支 

柱粗,連續穿过若干細层,也有呈綫軸状互相迭置的,中央为粗厚、顏色較浅的斑点状 

組織,有光亮的边緣和細薄的外壁,2 毫米內有 8 个,每个寬約 0.2 毫米。同心細层呈 

波状,有致密的黑色中綫,上、下为顏色較浅的斑点状组織所围繞,中有空泡,2 毫米 

內有細层 5—6 层,每层厚 0.1 毫米。虫室卵圓形至不規則状,相互迭置,好似連續分布


的假虫管。层間空隙中偶有几与細层平行或稍为傾斜的横板。在細层弯曲度很大的頂部 

(图 5),即乳头状突起之所在。其上有星状沟,彼此相距 4—6 毫米。 

弦切面:由支柱和細层組成的网状結构很清楚。放射支柱呈不規則的多边形,中央 

为顏色較深的斑点状組織,边緣光亮,具外壁,形似环柱,互相連接在一起。星状沟不 

甚显著。 

比較:我們所描述的标本与萊口坡堤(1952 年,p.260)描述的比利时泥盆系弗拉那 

阶底部的标本是同一个种,但后者无显著的星状沟,支柱排列較不規則,而前者的支柱 

是相互迭置的。这些微小区别尚不足以建立新种。 

产地及层位:貴州独山东南鸡泡西南;中泥盆統独山阶鸡窝寨段下部。 

采集号:Gy 245,Gy 249;登記号:13702,13703。 

大河口支柱层孔虫 Hermatostroma dahekouense Yang et Dong(新种) 

(图版 X,图 7,8) 

外部特征:硬体块状,外形不詳,乳头状突起不清楚,未見星状沟,常与其他层孔 

虫共生。 

纵切面:骨骼組織由波状細层和粗支柱組成。支柱粗壮,穿过很多細层,中央色暗, 

边緣光亮致密,每 2 毫米內有 4—5 个,每个寬 0.2—0.3 毫米。細层波状,具不甚明显 

的黑色中綫和边緣有由細点粗成的細孔,每 2 毫米內有 4—6 层。虫室圓形、卵形,很 

少呈长方形,常迭复,2 毫米內有 4—5 个。 

弦切面:乳头状突起清楚。支柱呈不規則的圓形,常連接在一起,形如环柱。虫室 

有的为蠕虫状,互相交錯。 

比較:此种的主要特征是乳头状突起分布紧密,細层比支柱細。此种和 

Hermatostroma schluteri Nicholson 很相似,但此种支柱的中間层为細点组織,而不是暗 

色致密组織,同时虫室多为圓形至卵形,很少为长方形,与 H. schluteri Nicholson 容易 

区別。 


采集号:Gy 667;登記号:13704。 

柱层孔虫属 Stylodictyon Nicholson et Murie,1878 

层状柱层孔虫 ?Stylodictyon? laminatum Yang et Dong(新种) 

(图版 XI,图 1—6) 

外部特征:硬体块状、层状、半圓球状,表面由細层向上弯曲形成柱状突起,常与 

苔蘚虫交互成层。其他特征不詳。 

纵切面:骨骼由清楚的細层及发育不完整的支柱組成。由細层向上弯曲而成的中柱 

組織致密,顏色較深。细层較厚,2 毫米內有 12 层,每层厚 0.10—0.16 毫米。在中柱之 

間的細层比較平直,2 毫米內有 14 层,每层厚 0.02—0.08 毫米。有的細层由二个微細层 

組成,上、下为暗色組織所围繞,不甚明显。細层之間有短支柱,分布不及一个层間空 

隙。无泡沫状組織及其他的結构。与苔蘚虫交互成层,从标本的生长情况,可以看出它


們之間的共生关系及生存竞爭的情况。 

弦切面:骨骼粗織呈纤維状,占总面积的 80%以上。中柱粗、黑色,具同心圓,相 

互之間为浅色的纤維状骨骼組織所連接。中柱的直径变化很大,自 1.0—1.5 毫米。中心 

相距 1.0—1.4 毫米。支柱圓形,直径 0.10—0.15 毫米,无放射組織連接。 

比較:此种的特征是細层清楚,支柱发育不全,与 Stylodictyon columnare (Nicholson) 

及 Stylodictyon vargatschense Yavorsky 比較,更接近于前者。由于支柱发育不全,虫室 

不規則和前者易于区別。后者的細层之間无放射支柱,层間空隙充满泡沫组織,与此种 

亦易区別。这一标本放在 Stylodictyon 属还有問題,可能是一种 Syringostroma,但缺少 

标准的支柱和細点状組織。 

产地及层位:貴州独山鸡泡至三塘路旁;中泥盆統独山阶鸡窝寨段。 

采集号:Gy 336;登記号:13705。 

参考文献 

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abstract; Geol. Soc. America Proc. for 1933, p.344. 

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(Geol). Vol.14, No.1, pp.47-62. 

[31] Yabe, H. and T. Sugiyama.,1941: Tienodictyon zonatum, a new Stromatoporoid from Eastern Yunnan, 

China. Imp. Acad., Tokyo, Vol.17, pp.139-141. Imp. Acad., Tokyo, Vol. 17, pp. 139-141.


STROMATOPOROIDS FROM THE JIWOZHAI MEMBER, UPPER 

PART OF THE MIDDLE DEVONIAN OF DUSHAN 

DISTRICT, GUEIZHOU (KUEICHOW) 

YANG KING-CHIH AND DONG DE-YUAN 

(Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica) 

(Summary) 

The present paper deals with the late Middle Devonian stromatopoids from the vicinity 

of Dushan, southern Gueizhou. The specimens were collected by Mr. C. M. Yü, Miss W. S. 

Wu and the senior writer in the winter of 1958 and the spring of 1959 during their 

investigation of Palaeozoic stratigraphy of southern Gueizhou.In this paper twenty-seven 

species and varieties belonging to 11 different genera are described and figured, of them 14 

are new forms, 11 are known species and 2 are indeterminable. They are grouped into two 

assemblages: one from the upper part of the Jiwozhai Member, and one from the lower part of 

the Jiwozhai Member. 

The upper part of the Jiwozhai Member with a layer of sandstone,1.5 m thick at the 

base, is chiefly characterized by dark grey and grey limestones intercalated occasionally with 

brown thin bedded shales, bearing the following species: 

Stictostroma? sp. 

Actinostroma regulare Yavorsky 

A. tabulatum var. crassum Lecompte 

A. cf. filitextum Lecompte 

A. interruptum Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

Trupetostroma laceratum Lecompte 

Stromatopora sinopachytexta Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

S. laminosa Lecompte 

S. sp. (indet.) 

Stychyodes? wongchiaoensis Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

The lower part of the Jiwozhai Member contains mainly limestones intercalated 

occasionally with dolomitic limestones in the upper and shaly limestone in the lower part, 

yielding the following species: 

Anostylostroma disjunctum Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

A. cf. amygdoloides (Lecompte) 

Actinostroma mamelliferum Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

A. undulatum Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

A. verocosum (Goldfuss) Lecompte 

Atelodictyon dahekouense Yang et Dong (sp. nov.)


Trupetostroma dushanense Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

T. bilamellosum Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

T. sublamellosum Lecompte 

T. regulamellosum Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

Paramphipora blokhini Yavorsky 

Idiostroma jipaoense Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

Stachyodes radiata Lecompte 

Parallelopora? yangmeishanensis Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

Hermatostroma episcopale Nicholson 

Stylodichyon? lamellosum Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

Among the 11 known species listed above there are five known from the Middle 

Devonian of Belgium and U.S.S.R. They are Actinostroma regulare and Parampaipora 

blockhini from U.S.S.R.; Anostylostroma amygdaloides, Actinostroma verrucosum and 

Trupetostroma sublamellosum from Belgium. There are four species known from the Upper 

Devonian of Belgium: Actinostroma filetextum, A. tabulatum var. crassum, Trupe- tostroma 

laceratum and Hermatostroma spicopale. And the rests: Trupetostroma sublamellatum 

Lecompte, Stychyodes radiata Lecompte and Stromatopora lamellosa Lecompte are known 

both from the Middle and the Upper Devonian of Belgium and U.S.S.R. Some of the new 

species bear an affinity to the species of the Middle Devonian, and others to those of the 

Upper Devonian. All the stromatoporoids just stated are associated with brachiopods: 

Stringocephalus burtini Defrances, S. obesus Grabau, Atrypa desquamata Sowerby, 

Ambocoelia sinensis Tien; and corals: Temnophyllum, walteri Yoh, Cyathophyllum 

yunnanense Wang, Hexagonaria sp. etc. All of these fossils are index to the Middle 

Devonian and some of them are restricted to the upper part of the Middle Devonian, and 

accordingly the age of the Jiwozhai Member is late Middle Devonian corresponding to the 

Givetian of Europe. 

It seems to the present writers that the stromatoporoids of the Jiwozhai Member are 

closely related to the Middle Devonian stromatoporoids of Belgium on the one side and to the 

Middle Devonian stromatoporoids of U.S.S.R. on the other, and that they bear a closer affinity 

to the stromatoporoids of Belgium and U.S.S.R. than to those of North America. 

DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES 

Order Stromatoporoidea Nicholson et Murie, 1878 

Family Clathrodictyidae Kühn,1939 

Genus Anostylostroma Parks,1936 

Anostylostroma disjunctum Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

(Pl. I, figs. 3-8) 

Coenosteum massive. The surface with low, domal mamelons, 1-2 mm high and 6-8 

mm apart measured from centre to centre. Astrorhizae have not been detected.


Vertical section: The laminae are strong, undulating, 0.02 to 0.04 mm thick, 12 to14 in 

2 mm and curved smoothly into the mamelons; the laminal tissue is compact or minutely 

fibrous with dark median microlaminae in part. Pillars are mostly straight, short, broad and 

expanded upward, 8 to 10 in 2 mm and 0.05 to 0.10 mm broad, many superposed, especially 

in the mamelons. Chambers round to oval, rarely rectangular, some are elongated vertically. 

Curved plates common, not uniform in size, some are short, while others are long, and cross 

several pillars, and convex upward. 

Tangential section: The pillars are round, not tying by dissepiments, 0.05 to 0.10 mm 

in diameter, 0.10 to 0.20 mm apart. The mamelons 6 to 8 mm apart measured from centre to 

centre, are marked by the laminae forming many concentric annuli. No ring-pillars have been 

detected. 

The present species is characterized by the presence of some superposed pillars, which 

are disjuncted in tangential section, and by the present of a dark median microlamina. It 

resembles Anostylostroma compactum Galloway et Jean, but differs from the latter in the 

absence of dark median line in some of the pillars. It differs from Anostylostroma 

kueichowense Chi in the absence of pseudozooidal tubes and in having more number of 

laminae in a given distance. 

Occurrence: Sifangpo, north of Dushan city, Gueizhou; lower part of the Jiwozhai 

Member (Chiwochai Limestone), upper part of Middle Devonian. Coll. No. Gy644-5. Cat. 

Nos.13671,13672. 

Genus Atelodictyon Lecompte,1951 

Atelodictyon dahekouense Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

(P1. III, figs.6,7) 

Coenosteum massive to subspherical with a small base. The surface is smooth, no 

mamelons and astrorhizae have been detected. 

Vertical section: Laminae thin, in general straight, many discontinuous or beaded,10 to 

11 in 2 mm, composed of a single dense fibrous layer. The pillars are short, 0.08 to 0.17 mm 

broad, 9 to 10 in 2 mm, some superposed and some confined to one interlaminal space. 

Several short incomplete pillars are intercalated between the regular pillars in many places. 

No branching or Y-shaped pillars have been observed. Chambers oval, irregular, square or 

rectangular, many wider than high. Cystal plates common in this genus have not been seen. 

Tangential section: The pillars with a thin dark border are mostly joined by strong 

processes next to the laminae, forming polygonal or chain-like patterns. In the centres of most 

of the pillars there are no small lumina. The tissue occupying about 40 percent of the section 

is compact. 

The fibrous and compact tissue and the short incomplete and few superposed pillars 

are characterized the present species. It differs from the genotype, Atelodictyon fallax 

Lecompte in the laminae which are not so compact and not so prominent as the type species. 

It resembles Stictostroma? sp. describing in the present paper in vertical section, but differs in


having a compact fibrous tissue instead of a porous tissue and in having superposed pillar. 

Occurrence: Dahekou, north of the Dushan city, Gueizhou; lower part of the Jiwozhai 

Member. Coll. No. 666. Cat. No.13674. 

Genus Stictostroma Parks,1936 

Stictostroma ? sp. 

(P1. I, figs.1,2) 

Coenosteum massive or irregular, bearing an undulating epitheca at the base and 

vermicular node at the external surface. 

Vertical section: The skeleton is composed of clear laminae and short incomplete pillars. 

The laminae are composed of a single layer of porous tissue 0.07 to 0.15 mm thick, 8 in 2 mm, 

some bordered by a thin dark layer. The pillars are thin, short, average 0.1 mm broad, 8 to 11 

in 2 mm; a few of them are superposed, many extend only half way between two laminae. The 

chambers are irregular to rectangular, some are higher than wide. Cystal plate very rare. 

Tangential section: No well tangential section has been got. The character of pillars is 

not clear. The tissue occupying more than 60 percent of the section is maculate. 

The characters seen in vertical section are related to the genus Stictostroma, while the 

characters seen in tangential section are different. The tangential section is related to 

Anostylostroma. It may be a species of Anostylostroma. More material is desired in order to 

define the specific character. 

Occurrence: Jiwozhai, Dushan, Gueizhou; upper part of the Jiwozhai Member. Coll. 

No. Gy342-1, Cat. No.13675. 

Family Actinostromatidae Nicholson,1886 

Genus Actinostroma Nicholson,1886 

Actinostroma mamelliferum Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

(Pl. III, figs.3-5) 

Coenosteum massive or irregular, with well developed mamelons. 

Vertical section: The skeleton is composed of thin, compact, undulalory laminae and 

strong, spool-shaped, superposed pillars. The pillars bearing a compact fibrous tissue, are not 

uniform in length which varies from 2 to 13 interlaminal areas, 0.05-0.10 mm broad, and 

10-12 in 2mm. The laminal tissue with a thin median dark laminae in some parts, is compact 

and not uniform in thickness throughout. Laminae 0.03 to 0.05 mm thick, 9 to 11 in 2 mm 

may be beaded at the junction due to the expansion of the pillars. Chambers are round to 

rectangular, 0.15 mm high and irregularly long. Curved plates are observed occasionally in 

some of the chambers. 

Tangential section: The skeletal tissue represents about 40 percent of the thin section 

where cut between laminae. The pillars are round 0.07 to 0.12 mm in diameter, 0.15 to 0.25 

mm apart. No typical ring-pillars have been detected, few of them bear a light colored centre. 

The mamelons 7 to 10 mm apart measured from centre to centre are marked by the laminae


forming many concentric annuli. Astrorhizal canal has not been observed. 

This species is characterized by the well developed mamelons, spool-shaped 

super-posed strong pillars and by the irregularly distributed and irregularly thickened of the 

laminae. It resembles Actinostroma tabulatum Lecompte, but differs from the latter in 

irregular thickness of the laminae and in the spool-shaped superposed pillars. 

Occurrence: Sifangpo, north of Dushan city, Gueizhou; lower part of the Jiwo- zhai 

Member. Coll. No. Gy644-4. Cat. No.13678. 

Actinostroma interruptum Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

(Pl. IV, figs.7-9; pl. V, fig.1) 

Coenosteum massive, with a basal epitheca, The surface has low mamelons and small 

astrorhizae occasionally. 

Vertical section: Laminae are well formed, generally straight, composed of a single 

layer of compact tissue, 0.04 to 0.10 mm thick, 9 to 11 in 2 mm and not uniform in thickness. 

Distance between two adjacent laminae varies distinctly. The pillars are short, thin, 0.05 to 

0.16 mm broad, distributed irregularly, 8 to 12 in 2 mm, many superposed, with small 

intercalated pillars. Chambers round to rectangular, some wider than high, others higher than 

wide. Cystal plates are common, low broad arches. 

Tangential section: The pillars are round, 0.05 to 0.10 mm in diameter, 0.15 to 0.25 

mm apart, mostly joined by radial processes. The mamelons marked by several laminae, 7 to 

10 mm apart, in the centre there are one or several tubes, 0.20 to 0.30 mm in diameter. 

Astrorhizal canal indistinct. The cystal plates are common tying many pillars together. No 

ring-pillars have been detected. 

The present species is characterized by the strong laminae, not uniform in thickness 

and unequal distributed and large conspicuous cystal plates. It differs from A. mamelliferum 

(sp. nov.) in having more prominent cystal plates and less prominent pillars and less regular 

mamelons; it differs from A. stelallutum Nicholson in having conspicuous cystal plates. 

Occurrence: Dahekou, north of the Dushan city, Gueizhou; upper part of the Jiwozhai 

Member. Coll. Nos. Gy687-2; Gy687-3, Cat. Nos.13679,13680. 

Actinostroma cf. filitextum Lecompte 

(P1. IV, figs.5,6) 

Coenosteum massive to hemispherical. Surface characters unknown. No mamelons and 

astrorhizae have been observed. 

Vertical section: The skeleton is composed of thin, nearly straight, occasionally 

discontinuous laminae and long, thicker pillars. The laminae are 0.07 to 0.10 mm thick, 8 to 

10 in 2 mm. The pillars are long and continuous, 0.10 to 0.20 mm broad and 5 to 7 in 2 mm. 

The tissue of both the pillars and laminae are compact and fibrous. Chambers are mostly 

rectangular, wider than high, with a few cystal plates. 

Tangential section: The skeletal tissue represents about 40 percent of the section. The


pillars are round, joined by radial processes. In the centres of some of the pillars there are 

small lumina, no typical ring-pillars have been detected. 

The specimen due to the recrystallization of the rock is so poorly preserved that details 

are difficult to determine, and the specific character is uncertain. It may confer with A. 

filitextum Lecompte, yet no thickening occurs at the junction between the laminae and pillars 

in the typical specimen. 

Occurrence: Same as the preceding species. Coll. No. Gy687-1. Cat. No. 13681. 

Actinostroma undulatum Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

(P1. III, figs.1, 2) 

Coenosteum massive or irregular. The surface has few scattered mamelons. 

Vertical section: The skeleton is composed of thin, undulating laminae and long broad 

superposed pillars which are spaced at regular intervals. The laminae are thin, 0.04 to 0.06 

mm thick,10 to 12 in 2 mm. The pillars are long commonly spool-shaped and crossed many 

laminae, 0.08 to 0.15 mm broad, and 5 to 8 in 2 mm. Chambers are low, rectangular, 

irregularly lenticular and usually superposed. No cystal plates have been detected. The 

skeletal tissue is dense, compact, fibrous and occasionally with secondary thickenings. 

Tangential section: The concentric laminae are clear and pillars are dark, irregularly 

round and joined by radial processes. 

The regular meshwork made by the concentric laminae and radial pillars is a peculiar 

character of the present species. It separate from Actinostroma septatum var. robustum 

Lecompte by absence of cystal plates in the interlaminal spaces. The meshwork is more 

regular than that of Actinostroma regulate Yavorsky and the tissue is mainly fibrous instead of 

compact. 

Occurrence: Between Dahekou and Sifangpo, north of Dushan city, Gueizhou; lower 

part of the Jiwozhai Member. Coll. No. Gy644-2. Cat. No. 13682. 

Genus Trupetostroma Parks,1936 

Trupetostroma dushanense Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

(Pl. V, figs. 2-6) 

Cocnosteum massive or irregular. The surface has no mamelons. Astrorhizac are small 

and scattered not typically radiate. They are separated 2 to 8 mm apart measured from centre 

to centre. Latilaminae not very clear are 2 to 4 mm thick. 

Vertical section: The skeleton is composed of curved laminae not uniform in thickness 

8 to 10 in 2 mm, and spool-shaped long pillars. The laminae are composed of a continuous 

median dark microlaminae, 0.016 mm thick, covered above and below in some places by 

lighter, homogeneous tissue. The lighter tissue is fibrous, with foramen, 0.03 and 0.02 mm 

thick above and below the dark median microlaminae respectively. Some of the laminae are 

thicker with a light median line of variable width. The tissue, is compact, containing many 

faint, flocculent spots. The spool-shaped pillars 5-6 in 2 mm are 0.10-0.19 mm in diameter.


The chambers are irregularly ovoid, average 0.18 mm high and 0.25 mm wide, usually 

superposed. Astrorhizal canals not very clear are scattered, about twice the height of the 

chamber. No dissepiments or cystal plates have been detected. 

Tangential section: The skeletal tissue represents about 80 percent of the thin section. 

The pillars are large, oval to round, or irregular, 0.20 mm in diameter, separated or joined by 

cysts, and they coalesce in laminae forming a mosaic pattern of roundish pillars by lines of 

darker tissue. The laminar and pillar tissue is flocculent, and porous maculate in places. The 

chambers are ovoid, subround virmiculate to irregular, about as wide as the pillar thick. 

Astrorhizae are well formed 2 to 4 mm in diameter and 2 to 8 mm apart measured from centre 

to centre. 

The dark median microlaminae, the lighter bounding layers and the fibrous flocculent, 

porous, maculate tissue and the absence of cystal plates, are the peculiar characters of the 

present species. It differs from Trupetostroma? raricystosum Galloway et St. Jean in lacking 

cystal plates. This species resembles Tsupetostroma thomasi var. ardvennensis Lecompte 

while the latter bears conspicuous pseudozooidal tubes. 

Occurrence: Yangmeishan, Dushan, Gueizhou; lower part of the Jiwozhai Mem- ber. 

Coll. No. Gy243; Gy251. Cat. Nos.13685,13686. 

Trupetostroma bilamellosum Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

(Pl. VI, figs.3,4) 

Coenosteum massive to laminate. Mamelons prominent, astrorhizae distinct on the 

external surface. 

Vertical section: The skeleton is composed of thin regularly curved laminae 8 to 9 in 2 

mm, and thick spool-shaped pillars which are superposed in long lines, 4 to 5 in2 mm. The 

laminae are composed of prominent, dark, continuous median microlaminae 0.005. to 0.010 

mm thick, bounded below and occasionally above by irregular layers of lighter compact tissue. 

The lower lighter layer is usually bordered with another dark layer; these two clear dark 

layers are nearly parallel to each other. Thus 12 to 16 microlamina may be counted in 2 mm. 

The spool-shaped pillars are 0.23 mm wide at the thinnest point between the laminae and 

arranged radially. Thin dark long rods perpendicular to the microlaminae are seen in some 

parts of the fused pillars. Chambers irregularly subcircular, 0.15-0.23 mm high, occasionally 

truncated by curved cystal plates. Pseudozooidal tubes rare, are. usually parallel to the 

laminae. 

Tangential section: Concentric laminae and radial pillars are clearly shown. 

Marnelons are well formed with laminar annuli, radial pillars and astrorhizae, 5 to 6 mm apart 

measured from centre to centre. The pillars are large, 0.3 to 0.4 mm in diameter and 0.08 to 

0.25 mm apart. The laminar and pillar tissue is fibrous, flocculent or maculate in some part. 

The chambers are irregular, about as wide as the pillars are thick. Astrorhizfie are not well 

formed. 

The present species is characterized by the presence of double layers of micro-


laminae and the thin dark rod-like micropillars perpendicular to the microlaminae. It 

resembles Trupetostroma? racicystosum Galloway et St. Jean, but the pillars are wider and 

usually fused, and it has thin rod-like micropillars and double microlaminae. It differs from 

Trupetostroma crassum Lecompte in the presence of well developed mamelons and rod-like 

microlaminae. This species distinguished from Trupetostroma thomasi var. ardvenensis 

Lecompte by the absence of vertical pseudozooidal tubes. 

Occurrence: Between Sifangpo and Dahekou, north of the Dushan city, Gueizhou 

province; lower part of Jiwozhai Member. Coll. No. Gy642-1. Cat. No.13687. 

Trupetostroma regulamellatum Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

(Pl. VI, figs.5-8) 

Coenosteum massive. The surface is irregularly undulate, with large mamelons 5 to 10 

mm apart. Astrorhizae not clear; larilaminae distinct. 

Vertical section: The laminae are strong, 7 to 8 in 2 mm, arranged regularly. The 

laminae are composed of a median, clear, compact layer, 0.027-0.04 mm thick, covered above 

and below in most places by lighter homogeneous tissue which spreads out from the pillars. 

The median layer, roughly speaking, is uniform in thickness, when magnifying 20 times 

bead-like appearance may be detected at certain part of the laminae. The pillars are short, 

superposed spools, composed of light homogeneous tissue rarely with moderately large, ovoid 

vacuoles. The pillars are 0.10 to 0.20 mm broad,2 to 4 in 2 mm. The tissue of the laminae and 

pillars is unusually dense. Chambers subcircular, with a diameter 0.25 mm, superposed 

vertically, look like pseudozooidal tubes cut by the microlaminae. Astrorhizae canals are 

scattered, slightly broader than the chamber. 

Tangential section: The pillars are confluent, 0.20 to 0.35 mm in diameter, forming a 

network surrounding the wormlike pseudozooidal tubes, which are 0.10 to 0.15 mm wide. The 

tissue of the laminae and pillars are maculate, 0.03 to 0.04 mm in diameter, separated by dark 

dots. The dark median laminae clear with ring maculae at irregular intervals. Mamelons well 

developed, 5 to 10 mm apart measured from centre to centre. Astrorhizae canals abscure not 

forming stellate system. 

The peculiar character of the present species is the curved, regular laminae with a 

dense, dark, clear median layer, and the tissue of the pillars is dense, compact, bearing a few 

small vacuales. It differs from Trupetostroma bilamellosum (sp. nov.) in the absence of 

cystal plates and prominent astrorhizae. 

Occurrence: Vicinity of Dahekou and Sifangpo, north of the Dushan city, Guei- zhou; 

lower part of the Jiwozhai Member. Coll. Nos. Gy642-2; Gy322. Cat. Nos. 13688,13689. 

Trupetostroma sublamellatum Lecompte 

(P1. VII, figs.1-5) 

Coenosteum massive, subspherical to nodular usually attached to other stromato- 

poroid. The surface is worn and the character is not clear. Mamelons and astrorhizae may be


detected. 

Vertical section: The skeleton is composed of thin compact laminae and thick, stout, 

spool-shaped pillars. The dark primary laminae are 0.02 mm thick, covered in some part 

lower and upper by secondary thickening, and curved regularly, 14-17 in 2 mm. They may be 

fused due to the secondary thickenings. Pillars 6-7 in 2 mm, 0.15-0.20 mm wide are 

superposed vertically. Tissue of pillars bearing dark borders generally compact, minutely 

granular with a few larger dark specks. Pseudozooidal tube distinct, 0.10-0.15 mm wide, cut 

by the dark microlaminae. 

Tangential section: The pillars are confluent 0.15-0.20 mm wide, forming a network 

surrounding the chambers and pseudozooidal tubes which are 0.10 to 0.18 mm in diameter. 

The tissue of the pillars is a conspicuous network of small or dark sports which are 

surrounded by dark compact borders, The mamelons have small astrorhizae, 0.50-0.70 mm 

apart, with branching canals, 0.20 mm in diameter. The canals do not have tabulae. No axial 

canal or tube has been observed in the mamelons. 

The characters described above are quite agree with the characters given by Lecompte. 

This species resembles Stromatopora pellucida Yavorsky var. arlyschtensis Yavorsky, the only 

difference is the latter bearing secondary small pores below and above the laminae. The 

peculiar character of the present specimen is that the tissue is maculated with small specks in 

certain places of the pillars. This kind of tissue is characterized the genus Syringostroma, it 

rarely occurs in Trupetostroma. There is doubt that this species belong in Trupetostroma; it 

may be a Syringostroma. 

Occurrence: Northwest of the waterfall, Jiwozhai village, Dushan city, Gueizhou; 

lower part of the Jiwozhai Member. Coll. No. Gy 341. Cat. Nos. 13691, 13692. 

Family ldiostromatidae Nicholson, 1886 

Genus Idiostroma Winchell, 1867 

ldiostroma jipaoense Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

(Pl. IX, figs.1-3) 

Coenosteum dendroid consists of cylindrical, irregularly arranged branches, 5 to 10 mm 

in diameter. Some of the branches are isolated with axial tube, while others are joined together. 

Only one specimen is observed; the external characters cannot be determined. 

Vertical section: The skeleton is composed of thick, arched laminae with thin primary 

layer, and long, thick spool-shaped, superposed radial pillars. The tissue of radial pillars and 

arched laminae is fibrous. The laminae 8 to 9 in 2 mm are not uniform in thickness, a beaded 

appearance is usually observed. Chambers commonly round, rarely rectangular, they may be 

confluent to form a pseudozooidal tube. 

Cross section: The laminae varying in thickness from 0.10 to 0.20 mm are concentric, 

and the pillars 0.10-0.20 mm wide are radial in arrangement. Pillars 8 to 9 and laminae 5-6 are 

observed in a distance of 2 mm. The tissue is dense and fibrous. The axial tube with branching 

canals bears a diameter ranging from 1.40 to 2.0 mm. Some chambers are round or ovate,


with average diameter 0.20 to 0.30 mm, others are confluent to form pseudozooidal tubes 

which are not conspicuous seen in the cross section. 

Idiostroma jipaoense distinguishes from I. hunanense Chi by the irregular growth of 

the coenosteum, and by the less compact arrangement of the concentric laminae. This 

species agrees very closely with I. uralica Yavorsky, but differs from it in the lacking of a 

clear dense dark microlamina in the laminae seen in cross section. 

Occurrence: One li southwest of Jipao village, Dushan city, Gueizhou; lower part of 

Jiwozhai Member. Coll. No. Gy250. Cat. No.13694. 

Genus Stachyodes Bargatzky, 1881 

Stachyodes? wongchiaoensis Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

(P1. VIII, figs.7,8) 

Coenosteum is dendroid with cylindrical branches, 4-5 mm in diameter. The surface 

character cannot be known. 

Vertical section: The skeleton having a large axial tube, is composed of arched 

concentric laminae not well distinguishable in some part, and short pillars. The laminae when 

distinguishable are 0.10-0.20 mm thick, transversely fibrous with small, scattered, dark 

maculae. The pillars are short commonly limited to two adjacent laminae, unusually 

superposed near the border of the coenosteum, and they are as broad as the laminae are thick. 

The axial tube with a diameter ranging from 0.16 mm to 0.2 mm, is crossed by curved plates. 

The chambers are irregular in size and shape 0.10 to 0.20 mm wide commonly elongated with 

remote cystal plate. 

Cross section: The reticulate skeletal tissue built up by the laminae and pillars is fused 

in some part, but the concentric appearance can still be detected. The tissue is fibrous with 

scattered maculae and vacuoles 0.025-0.03 mm in diameter. The axial tube bears a diameter of 

0.6 mm. The subcircular to irregular chambers are confluent in some parts and rarely 

superposed. 

This species is characterized by the large axial tube, by the not well developed laminae 

lacking dark, dense microlamina and by the usually laterally elongated chamber. The skeletal 

pattern representing the concentric laminae and radial pillars of the present species resembles 

Stachyodes tomiensis Yavorsky but differs from the latter in the absence of dark microlaminae. 

There is doubt that this form belongs in Stachyodes being lack of microlaminae; it may be a 

Dendrostroma on the point of view of the characters of the tissue. 

Occurrence: Wongchiao, southeast of the Dushan city, Gueizhou; upper part of 

Jiwozhai Member. Coll. No. Gy367. Cat. No.13679. 

Family Stromatoporidae Winchell,1867 

Genus Stromatopora Goldfuss,1826 

Stromatopora sinopachytexta Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

(Pl. IX, figs. 4,5)


Coenosteum massive, fragment more than 30 mm in diameter. Mamelons absent; 

astrorhizae small, about 4 mm apart from centre to centre; latilaminae present, 5 to 6 mm 

thick. 

Vertical section: The skeleton is composed of laminae and pillars. Laminae are 

inconspicuous, 0.02 to 0.10 mm thick, composed of an intermittent, thin, dense, layer which 

grades into outer, thicker coarsely maculate layers. The pillars are broad 0.12-0.20 mm, 

continuous, conspicuous, 6-8 in 2 mm, composed of a central, thick, compact, light-colored 

core of tissue, which grades sharply into an outer, thin, coarsely maculate layer. The 

maculae are large, 0.02 to 0.03 mm in diameter. Chambers are small, round, oval or 

vermicular averaging 0.10 mm in diameter, frequently superposed, making tubulate vertical or 

irregular pseudozooidal tubes. Astrorhizal canals are slightly larger than the chambers. 

Tangential section: The ground mass is uniform in texture, finally maculate, 

amalgamated so that microlaminae are not distinguishable and composing about 70 percent of 

the area of the section. Astrorhizal canals clear, moderate in length, without tabulae, 0.15 mm 

wide, slightly larger than the chambers. Pillars mostly coalescent, merely the filling of the 

interlaminal spaces. Some round and contiguous, 0.20 mm in diameter. Chambers are round 

to vermiculate. 

The peculiar characters of the present species are the pillars with a maculate border 

and a compact light center, the not well distinguishable laminae, and the small astrorhizae 

with many slender branching canals. It is closely related with Stromatopora pachytexta 

Lecompte but differs from the latter in the more compact arrangement of both the laminae and 

pillars, and the absent of cystal plates in the chambers. 

Occurrence: Vicinity of Xiangnianba, southeast of Dushan city, Gueizhou; upper part 

of Jiwozhai Member. Coll. No. Gy332-1. Cat. No. 13698. No. 13698. 

Genus Parallelopora Bargatzky, 1881 

Parallelopora? yangmeishanensis Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

(Pl. VI, Figs. 1, 2) 

Coenosteum massive or irregular, surface with inconspicuous mamelons 4 to 8 mm 

apart measured from centre to centre and well developed astrorhizae. 

Vertical section: The skeleton is composed of regular continuous compact 

microlaminae,14 to 16 in 2 mm, and more prominent and continuous pillars, 6 to 8 in 2 mm. 

The laminae and pillars are amalgamated and composed of the same kind of coarse, maculate 

tissue. The maculae are large round clear-colored, 0.085 mm in diameter, and superposed in 

the pillars, side by side in the laminae. The pillars continuous, but cut by the microlaminae 

0.20-0.25 mm in diameter, occasionally spool-shaped between microlaminae. Chambers 

round, oval or elongate horizontally, with ragged, borders, many superposed and forming 

pseudozooidal tubes, 0.15 to 0.25 mm in diameter, crossed by microlaminae and rarely by 

cystal plates. Astrorhizal canals may be clearly distinguished by the larger tubes. 

Tangential section: The pillars coalesce to form a network of anastomosing bands,


0.02 to 0.035 mm broad, surrounding the round pseudozooidal tubes which are confluent in a 

few places. The astrorhizae are composed of 4 or 5 simple, unequal branching, radial canals; 

some have a central tube,0.75 to 0.90 mm in diameter. The tissue is coarsely maculate. 

This species is characterized by the large, continuous pillars which are usually 

spoolshaped between microlaminae in vertical sections and are confluent in tangential section, 

the large superposed maculae, making parallel pores not parallel tubes and the conspicuous 

astrorhizae. It is closely related with Parallelopora typicalis Galloway et St. Jean, but differs 

from the latter in the presence of prominent astrorhizae which are forming stellate systems, 

and in the presence of parallel pores instead parallel tubes both in the pillars and iaminae. 

There is doubt that this form belongs in Parallelopora; it may be a Trupetostroma. The tissue 

is much like that of Parallelopora but the pillars lack the parallel tubes and parallel rods. 

Occurrence: Between Dahekou and Sifangpo, Dushan, Gueizhou; upper part of the 

Jixvozhai Member. Coll. No. Gy244. Cat. No.13701. 

been detected. 

Genus Hermatostroma Nicholson,1886 

Hermatostroma dahekouense Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

(Pl. X, figs.7,8) 

Coenosteum massive; mamelons are indistinct at the surface. Astrorhizae have not 

Vertical section: The laminae are curved into mamelon and are composed of a dark 

median lamina and an outer, light-colored porous sheath. The dark median layer is 0.05 mm 

thick, 4 to 6 laminae in 2 mm. Pillars are long and straight continuous through many laminae, 

0.2 to 0.3 mm broad, 4 to 5 in 2 mm; they are composed of a dark central maculate core and 

a light-colored outer sheath. The chambers are round, oval to rectangular and usually 

superposed vertically, 4 or 5 in 2 mm. The tissue of the laminae and pillars are coarsely 

maculate. Curved cystal plate commonly observed. 

Tangential section: The mamelons are well formed with several laminar annuli and 

radial pillars. The pillars are round 0.30 to 0.4 mm in diameter, consist of an outer thin dark 

sheath, a ring of coarsely maculate, light-colored tissue and a central denser part. The pillars 

are connected by thick, coarsely maculate processes of the laminae, making chain-like groups, 

leaving vermicular and anastomosing chambers. 

Hermatostroma dahekouense is characterized by the closely spaced mamelons, the 

com- paratively thin laminae, strong pillars and coarsely maculate tissue. In general, it very 

resembles Hermatostroma schüteri Nicholson, but differs from the latter in having maculate 

median layer instead of dense compact layer in the pillars and in having smaller chamber 

which is usually round or oval instead of rectangular. 

Occurrence: Dahekou, north of the Dushan city, Gueizhou; lower part of Jiwozhai 

Member. Coll. No. Gy667. Cat. No.13704.


Genus Stylodictyon Nicholson et Murie,1878 

Stylodictyon? laminatum Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

(Pl. XI, figs.1-4) 

Coenosteum massive to laminar, traversed by numerous circular vertical columns of 

large size which are formed by the up bending of the concentric laminae and which terminate 

on the surface in small eminences. The coenosteum is intergrowthing in layers with bryozoa. 

Vertical section: The vertical column is composed of a dense dark central axis, The 

intercolumnar spaces are occupied by the general tissue of the skeleton, composed of 

concentric laminae and short radial pillars. The concentric laminae not uniform in thickness, 

are well formed, being curved in each intercolumnar space, with their convexities downwards, 

and bent upwards as they join the columns on both sides. The laminae in the columns, are 

darker in colour, 0.10 to 0.16 mm thick and 12 in 2 ram, and in the intercolumnar spaces they 

are 0.02 to 0.08 mm thick and 14 in 2 mm. The pillars are imperfectly developed not being 

superposed and commonly only intending half way between the two adjacent laminae. The 

tissue of both the laminae and pillars is transversely fibrous. Most of the laminae and pillars 

are fused by the secondary thickenings. Chambers are mostly narrow elongated, curved tubes 

and not superposed. 

Tangential section: The tissue occupies more than 80 percent of the section. The 

pillars, 0.10 to 0.15 mm in diameter are irregularly round, scattered, not tying by radial 

processes. The central column separated 1 to 1.5 mm apart measured from centre to centre, 

surrounded by scattered pillars and concentric laminae, is fused by dense, dark, finely 

maculated tissue in which the pillars is not being obliterated. 

This species is characterized by the well developed laminae and poorly developed 

pillars seen both in tangential and vertical sections. The characters described above are more 

related to Stylodictyon colurnnare (Nicholson) than to S. vayatschene Yavorsky. It separated 

from the former by the poorly developed pillars and by the poorly developed irregular 

chambers seen in vertical section; from the latter by. the absence of numerous curved cystal 

plates. There is doubt that this species belong in Stylodictyon; it may be Syringostroma, but 

lack typical pillars and maculate tissue. 

Occurrence: Santang, Dushan; lower part of the Jiwozhai Member. Coll. No. Gy336. 

Cat. No.13705.


图版說明 

本文所描述的标本都保存在中国科学院地貭古生物研究所。 

Explanation of Plates 

The specimens described in this paper are all deposited in the Institute of Geology and 

Palaeontology, Academia Sinica. 

图版 I 

图 1—2.Stictostroma? sp. 

1.纵切面,表示細层和发育不完全的支柱,×5。 

2.弦切面,骨骼組織不清楚,×5。 

登記号:13675。 

图 3—8.Anostylostroma disjuncium Yang et Dong(新种) 

3.纵切面,表示上部膨大的支柱和稀少的鳞板,×5。 

4.和图 3 同一切面,×10。 

5. 弦切面,表示乳头状突起,×5。 

登記号:13671(正型标本)。 

6.另一标本的纵切面,×5。 

7.同一标本的另一纵切面,×5。 

8.弦切面,表示乳头状突起,×5。 

登記号:13672(副型标本)。 

Plate I 

Figs.1,2. Stictostroma? sp. 

1. Vertical section, showing the concentric laminae and incomplete radial pillars. ×5. 

2. Tangential section, showing the skeletal tissue being not clear. Cat. No.13675. 

Figs.3—8. Anostylostroma disjunctum Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

3. Vertical section illustrating the pillars expanded upward, and few cystal plates. ×5. 

4. Vertical section, same as the preceding, ×10. 

5. Tangential section, showing the mamelons, ×5. 

Cat. No.13671, holotype. 

6,7. Vertical sections of another specimen, ×5. 

8. Tangential section, illustrating the mamelons, ×5. 

Cat. No.13672, paratype. type.


图版 II 

图 1—3.Anostylostroma cf. amygdaloides (Lecompte) 

1.纵切面,表示局限于細层之間的支柱及少量延伸的长鳞板,×5。 

2.和图 1 同一切面,×10。 

3. 同一标本之另一纵切面,×5。 

登記号:13673。 

图 4—5.Stromatopora laminosa Lecompte 

4.纵切面,表示細层和假虫管,×5。 

5.弦切面,表示星状沟,×5。 

登記号:13699。 

图 6—9.Actinostroma regulare Yavorsky 

6.纵切面,表示規則排列的支柱和细层,×5。 

7.弦切面,表示小星状沟和連接支柱的放射状突起物,×5。 

8.同一标本之另一纵切面,表示支柱的中央色浅,×5。 

9.同一标本之另一弦切面,×5。 

登記号:13676,13677。 

Plate II 

Figs.1—3. Anostylostroma cf. amygdaloides (Lecompte) 

1. Vertical section, showing the pillars limited between two laminae, and few elongated 

cystal plates, ×5. 

2. Vertical section of the same, ×10. 

3. Tangential section, ×5. 

Cat. No.13673. 

Figs.4,5. Stromatopora laminosa Lecompte 

4. Vertical section, showing the concentric laminae and pseudozooidal tubes, ×5. 

5. Tangential section, illustrating the astrorhizae, ×5. 

Cat. No.13699. 

Figs.6—9. Actinostroma regulare Yavorsky 

6. Vertical section, showing the regular arrangement of the laminae and pillars, ×5. 

7. Tangential section of the same, illustrating the small astrorhizae and radial processes, ×5. 

8. Another vertical section of the same specimen, showing the long continuous pillars with 

light colored axes, ×5. 

9. Another tangential section of the same, ×5. 

Cat. Nos.13676,13677.13677.


图版 III 

图 1—2.Actinostroma undulatum Yang et Dong(新种) 

1.纵切面,表示非常規則的連續支柱和細层,×5。 

2.弦切面,表示尖角状黑色支柱,×5。 


图 3—5.Actinostroma mamelliferum Yang et Dong(新种) 

3.纵切面,表示变化很大的細层和支柱,×5。 

4.和图 3 同一切面,×10。 

5.弦切面,表示同心細层和乳头状突起,×5。 


图 6—7.Atelodictyon dahekouense Yang et Dong(新种) 

6.纵切面,表示网状結构和一些性貭不明的空泡,×5。 

7.弦切面,表示网状結构,×5。 


Plate III 

Figs.1,2. Actinostroma undulatum Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

1. Vertical section, showing the continuous regular pillars and laminae, ×5. 

2. Tangential section illustrating the dark angular pillars, Cat. No.13682, holotype. 

Figs.3—5. Actinostroma mamelliferum Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

3. Vertical section, showing the laminae and pillars varying in thickness and length, ×5. 

4. Same as the preceding, ×10. 

5. Tangential section, illustrating the concentric laminae and conspicuous mamelons, ×5. 


Figs.6,7. Atelodictyon dahekouense Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

6. Vertical section, showing the laminae occasionally discontinuous, and pillars short and broad, 

×5. 


Cat. No.13674, holotype. otype.


图版 IV 

图 1—2.Actinostroma,verrocosum (Goldfuss) Lecompte 

1.纵切面,表示連續的粗支柱,×5。 

2. 弦切面,表示尖角状的网状結构,×5。 

登記号:13684。 

图 3—4.Actinostroma tabulatum var. crassum Lecompte 

3.纵切面,表示不規則的细层和粗支柱,×5。 

4.弦切面,表示支柱所呈現的多边形黑点,×5。 

登记号:13683。 

图 5—6.Actinostroma cf.filitextum Lecompte 

5.纵切面,表示規則排列的細层和粗支柱,×5。 

6.弦切面,表示次圓形的黑点为放射状突起物所連接,×5。 

登記号:13681。 

图 7—9.Actinostroma interruptum Yang et Dong(新种) 

7.纵切面,表示紧密排列的細层和支柱,×5。 

8.弦切面,表示乳头状突起和尖角状支柱,×5。 


9.另一标本之纵切面,×5。 


Plate IV 

Figs.1,2. Actinostroma verocosum (Goldfuss) Lecompte 

1. Vertical section, showing the stout pillars and thin laminae, ×5. 


Cat. No.13684. 

Figs.3,4. Actinostroma tabulatum var. crassum Lecompte 

3. Vertical section, showing irregular laminae, and stout pillars, ×5. 

4. Tangential section, illustrating the angular dark sports representing the pillars, ×5. 

Cat. No.13683. 

Figs.5,6. Actinostroma filitextum Lecompte 

5. Vertical section, showing the regularly arranged laminae and stout pillars, × 5. 

6. Tangential section, illustrating dark round pillars connected by radial processes, ×5. 

Cat. No.13681. 

Figs.7—9. Actinostroma interruptum Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

7. Vertical section, illustrating the closely arranged pillars and laminae, ×5. 

8. Tangential section, showing the angular pillars and large mamelons, ×5. 


9. Vertical section of another specimen, × 5. 

Cat. No.13680, paratype.


图版 V 

图 1. Actinostroma interruptum Yang et Dong(新种) 

1. 和图版 IV 图 9 是同一纵切面,×10。 

图 2—6.Trupetostroma dushanense Yang et Dong(新种) 

2.纵切面,表示黑色的微細层和光亮的中間层及綫軸状迭置的支柱,×5。 

3.弦切面,表示相互連接的支柱,×5。 


4. 另一标本的弦切面,×5。 

5.和图 4 是同一标本之纵切面,×5。 

6.和图 4 是同一标本之另一弦切面,×5。 


Plate V 

Fig.1. Actinostroma interruptum Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

Vertical section, a part of plate IV, fig.9, ×10. 

Figs.2—6. Trupetostroma dushanense Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

2. Vertical section, showing the laminae composed of a median, clear, compact layer covered 

above and below by dark micro-layers, and the superposed spool-shaped pillars, ×5. 

3. Tangential section of the same, ×5. 


4. Tangential section of another specimen, × 5. 

5. Same as fig.4, vertical section, × 5. 

6. Same as fig.4, tangential section of other part, × 5. 

Cat. No.13686, paratype. atype.


图版 VI 

图 1—2.Parallelopora? yangmeishanensis Yang et Dong(新种) 

1.纵切面,表示骨骼組織多細孔,×5。 



图 3—4.Trupetostroma bilamellosum Yang et Dong(新种) 

3.纵切面,表示紧密排列的双细层和穿过粗支柱的細柱,×5。 



图 5—8.Trupetostroma regulamellatum Yang et Dong(新种) 

5.纵切面,表示粗支柱和黑色的微細层,×5。 



7.另一标本之纵切面,表示粗支柱和黑色微細层,× 5。 

8.和图 7 同一标本之弦切面,表示粗层,×5。 


Plate VI 

Figs.1,2. Parallelopora? yangmeishanensis Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

1. Vertical section, illustrating the rows of tubules in the pillars, × 5. 

2. Tangential section, showing the maculate tissue and astrorhizae, × 5. 


Figs.3,4. Trupetostroma bilamellosum Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

3. Vertical section, showing the close arranged micro-laminae crossed by stout pillars, × 5. 

4. Tangential section showing the prominent, mamelons, × 5. 


Figs.5—8. Trupetostroma regulamellosum Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

5. Vertical section, illustrating the stout pillars and dark microlaminae, × 5. 

6. Tangential section, showing the mamelons, × 5. 


7. Vertical section of another specimen, showing laminae and pillars, × 5. 

8. Tangential section of figure 7, illustrating the latilaminae, × 5. 

Cat. No.13689, paratype. ratype.


图版 VII 

图 1—5.Trupetostroma sublamellatum Lecompte 

1.纵切面,表示粗綫軸状迭置的假虫管,×10。 

2.弦切面,表示粗的网状骨骼和星状沟,×5。 

3.圓球状标本之纵切面,表示放射状支柱和同心細层,×5。 

4.和图 1 是同一标本之另一弦切面,表示不規則的网状骨骼,× 5。 


登記号:13691,13692。 

图 6—7.Trupetostroma laceratum Lecompte 

6.纵切面,表示层閒空隙中有鳞板,×5。 

7.斜弦切面,表示星状沟和其中的鳞板,×5。 

登記号:13690。 

Plate VII 

Figs.1—5. Trupetostroma sublamelatum Lecompte 

1. Vertical section, showing the spool-shaped stout pillars and pseudozooidal tubes, × 10. 

2. Tangential section, × 5. 

3. Vertical section of the coenosteum, illustrating the concentric laminae and radial pillars, 

× 5. 

4. Tangential suction, another part of figure 2, × 5. 

5. Tangential section, showing the astrorhizae, × 5. 

Cat. Nos.13691,13692. 

Figs.6,7. Trupetostroma laceratum Lecompte 

6. Vertical section, showing cystal plate in the chambers, × 5. 

7. Oblique tangential section, showing the astrorhizae and cystal plates, × 5. 

Cat. No.13690.


图版 VIII 

图 1—2.Paramphipora blokhini Yavorsky 

1. 纵切面,表示粗骨骼組織,×10。 

2.橫切面,表示边缘泡沫带,×10。 

登記号:13693。 

图 3—6.Stachyodes radiata Lecompte 

3.纵切面,表示拱形细层和中央管及支管,×10。 

4.橫切面,表示同心细层和放射支柱,×10。 

登記号:13695。 

5.另一标本之纵切面,表示中央管和假虫管,× 10。 

6.和图 5 同一标本之横切面,×10。 

登记号:13696。 

图 7—8.Stachyodes wongchiaoensis Yang et Dong(新种) 

7.纵切面,表示粗大的中央管和虫室,×10。 

8.横切面,表示混合的骨骼組織,×10。 


Plate VIII 

Pigs.1,2. Pararnphipora blokhini Yavorsky 

1. Vertical section, illustrating the stout skeletal tissue and tabulated chambers, × 10. 

2. Cross section, with a few marginal vesicles, × 10. 

Cat. No.13693. 

Figs.3—6. Stychyodes radiata Lecompte 

3. Vertical section, showing the arched micro-laminae and axial canal, × 10. 

4. Cross section, illustrating the concentric laminae and radial pillars, × 10. 

Cat. No.13695. 

5. Vertical section of another specimen, showing the axial canal and pseudozooidal tubes, × 10. 

6. Same specimen with figure 5, cross section, × 10. 

Cat. No.13696. 

Figs.7,8. Stachyodes? wongchiaoensis Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

7. Vertical section, showing the large axial tube and chamber, × 10. 

8. Gross section, illustrating the laminae and pillars, × 10. 

Cat. No.13697, holotype. lotype. 

图版 IX 

图 1—3.Idiostroma jipaoense Yang et Dong(新种) 

1.橫切面,表示同心細层和粗支柱及連生的圓柱体,×5。 

2. 斜弦切面,表示中央管和支管,×5。 

3.斜弦切面,×5。 


图 4—5.Stromatopora sinopachytexta Yang et Dong(新种) 

4. 纵切面,表示中央空的支柱和粗层,×5。 



Plate IX 

Figs.1—3. Idiostroma jipaoense Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

1. Cross section, showing the concentric laminae and radial pillars, × 5. 

2. Vertical section, showing the astrorhizae with central and branching canals, × 5. 

3. Oblique section, × 5. 


Figs.4,5. Stromatopora sinopachytexta Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

4. Vertical section, showing the pillars and laminae, × 5. 

5. Tangential section, showing the astrorhizae, × 5. 

Cat. No.13698, holotype. pe.


图版 X 

图 1—2.Stromatopora sp. 

1.纵切面,表示斑点状骨骼組織和与 Trupetostroma 层孔虫的共生情况,×5。 

2.弦切面,表示粗层,×5。 

登記号:13700。 

图 3—6.Hermatostroma episcopale Nicholson 

3.纵切面,表示波状的黑色微細层和边缘光亮的支柱,×5。 

4.弦切面,表示多边形的环状支柱,×5。 

登記号:13702。 

5.另一标本之斜弦切面,×5。 

6.和图 5 同一标本之弦切面,表示不甚清楚的星状沟,× 5。 

登記号:13703。 

图 7—8.Hermatostroma dahekouense Yang et Dong(新种) 

7.纵切面,表示粗而边緣光亮的骨酪組織,×5。 



Plate X 

Figs.1,2. Stromatopora sp. 

1. Vertical section, showing the coenosteum is enclosed by Trupetostoma, × 5. 

2. Tangential section, showing the latilaminae, × 5. 

Cat. No.13700. 

Figs.3—6. Hermatostroma episcopale Nicholson 

3. Vertical section, illustrating the curved laminae and stout pillars bearing light colored outer 

layer, × 5. 

4. Tangential section, showing the polygonal pillars with light colored outer layer, × 5. 

Cat. No.13702. 

5. Vertical section of another specimen, × 5. 

6. Same as the preceding specimen, tangential section, showing the inconspicuous astorhiza, × 5. 

Cat. No.13703. 

Figs.7,8. Hermatostroma dahekouense Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

7. Vertical section, showing the tissue bearing a light colored outer layer, × 5. 

8. Tangential section, × 5. 

Cat. No.13704, holotype. olotype. 

图版 XI 

图 1—6.Stylodictyon? laminatum Yang et Dong(新种) 

1.弦切面,表示硬体表面有柱状突起,×5。 

2.纵切面,表示与苔蘚虫的共生情况,×5。 

3.纵切面,表示中柱和支柱的发育情况,×lo。 

4.纵切面,与图 3 为同一切面,表示由細层向上弯曲而形成的中柱,×5。 

5.另一纵切面,×10。 

6.纵切面,与图 2 为同一切面,×10。 


Plate XI 

Figs.1—6. Stylodictyon? laminatum Yang et Dong (sp. nov.) 

1. Surface character of the coenosteum, × 5. 

2. Vertical section, showing the skeleton intergrowth with bryozoa, and showing the laminae 

curved into columns, × 5. 

3. Vertical section, showing the central column and pillars × 10. 

4. Vertical section, same as the preceding, × 5. 

5. Another vertical section of the same coenosteum, × 10. 

6. Vertical section, same as fig.2, × 10. 

Cat. No.13705, holotype..

貴州独山中泥盆統鸡窝寨段中的层孔虫 - 中国科学院南京地质古生物 ...

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