湖北西部上泥盆紀介形類化石*

古生物学报 

第 3 卷第3期 1955 年 8 月 

湖北西部上泥盆紀介形類化石 * 

侯祐堂 

(中國科学院古生物研究所) 

(附 9 圖版) 

本文所描述的材料係楊敬之、穆恩之二先生於 1951 年春季採自湖北西部長陽 

馬鞍山的向家磴、双栗樹及白岩槽等地的上泥盆紀寫經寺層;因化石大部分都已铁 

化,保存較好。共計 11 屬 15 种,其中有 4 個新屬及 11 個新种不能鑑定者數种。 

茲將各層所發現的种屬分別表列如下: 

長陽上泥盆紀寫經寺層中產丰富化石的岩層僅有 30 米,除其上部有零星化石 

不計外,还可分为中下兩部:a)中部為薄層石灰岩及黄色泥質石灰岩,含介形類化 

石(By230)及(By7)。 

* 1955 年 5 月 27 日收到 

Perimarginia tuberosa (gen. et sp. nov.) 

Perimarginia ovata (gen. et sp. nov.) 

Mennerites hupehensis (sp. nov.) 

Hupehella lunata (gen. et sp. nov.)

206 古生物学报 3卷 

Trinota costata (gen et sp. nov.) 

Primitia quadrata (sp. nov.) 

Cavellina hupehensis (sp. nov.) 

Cavellina latiovata (sp. nov.) 

Cavellina sinensis (sp. nov.) 

Knoxiella? sp. (sp.nov.) 

Beyrichia mui (sp. nov.) 

Bernix? sp. 

Gen. et sp. A. (indet.) 

Gen. et sp. B (indet.) 

与上列介形類化石共生的有 Yunnanella abrupta Grabau, Yunnanellina 

triplicata Grabau, Tenticospirifer supervilis Tien 等。 

b)下部是鲕狀赤铁矿層,內有介形類(By 218) 

Perijonesina sinensis (gen. et sp. nov.) 

Hupehella lunata (gen. et sp. nov.) 

Mennerella? sp. (sp. nov.) 


Cavellina latiovat (sp. nov.) 


Knoxiella? sp. (sp. nov.) 



Bernix? sp. 

Bairdia sp. 


这些介形類种屬和上泥盆紀的標準化石 Yunnanella abrupla Grabau , Y. abrupta 

scunnurioides Tien, Tenticospirifer sp.共生,因此其時代亦应屬於上泥盆紀。 

上列介形類中 Trinota Hou, Perimarginia Hou 及 Primitia quadrata Hou 僅 

在寫經寺層中部的黄色泥質石灰岩內發现;Beyrichia mui Hou 及 Cavellina 

latiovata Hou 兩种也是中部薄層石灰岩及黄色泥質石灰岩中最丰富的种屬,这兩

3 期侯祐堂:湖北西部上泥盆纪介形类化石 207 

种雖然在寫經寺層下部含铁層中也有發現,但与其上層的石灰岩中的此較就顯得非 

常稀少。反之,在含铁層中所常見的 Perijonesina Hou 及 Mennerella Egorov 二 

屬,在中部石灰岩中却未見及,与此二屬共生的 Mennerites Egorov, Cavellina 

hupehensis Hou, C. sinensis Hou 三种在含铁層發现的數目也比在薄層石灰中和 

泥質石灰岩中丰富得多,除上述这些特別丰富而且对地層分層有重要意義的种屬 

外,尚有 Bernix? sp., Knoxiella sp.及 Hupehella lunata Hou 等在寫經寺層的 

中部及下部都有發现,但均不丰富。 

寫經寺層中部及下部的岩性有顯著的不同,一般來說鲕狀含鉄層常沉積在氣候 

温暖,振動較大的海水中;薄層石灰岩多半沉積在此較穩定的海水中。就介形類化 

石在岩層中的排列及分佈情况以及其殼体的厚薄,分層的構造观察,也或多或少的 

標誌着当時的沉積環境有所不同;如薄層石灰岩及泥質石灰岩中的化石在層面上的 

排列比較整齊,而在鲕狀含铁層中所發現的化石排列得很不規則。Beyrichia mui 

Hou 及 Cavellina latiovata Hou 等种屬在薄層及泥質石灰岩中殼較厚,而同种在 

鲕狀含铁層中殼較薄。又如鲕狀含鉄層中的 Perijonesina 的殼分為內外兩層,內 

層与外層除在背腹兩边互相吻合外,在前後端並經过殼之中間互相隔開。一般說來, 

介形類对周圍的環境是比較敏感的,它往往可以因物質條件的改變而促使它的死 

亡。Spicharsky 在 1937 會說过这樣一句話 Ostracoda,Вероятно,были очень 

чувствительны кокружающей их среде,и уже некоторые изменения 

физических условий бассейна влекли за сабой их гибель . (Труды цнигри,в.97, 

p.142)。根據我們在寫經寺層中及下兩部岩層中所見的介形類的差異与沉積物質環 

境有關这一結果看來,上述說法是比較可信的。 

總上所述,湖北長陽上泥盆紀上部寫經寺層(Famenian)中所產的 Mennerites 

hupehensis Hou, Mennerella sp.及 Knoxiella? sp.等屬頗与俄羅斯地台附近如 

列寧格勒(Лениград) 及加里寧(Калинин) 等地區上泥盆紀下部弗郎斯建造 

(Frasnian)Свинордские слои 中所產地 Mennerella sp., Mennerites 

svinordensis Egorov 及 Knoxiella variabillis (Gleb. et Zasp. in litt.)等 

种屬類似。同時寫經寺層中其他的种屬如 Cavellina latiovata Hou 及 C. 

hupehensis Hou 等也均与俄羅斯地台上泥盆紀上部(Famenian) Пестроцветная 

Толца 中的 Cavellina uchtensis Egorov 及 Cavellina devoniana Egorov 類似。 

所以說湖北長陽上泥盆紀上部寫經寺層的介形類却与俄羅斯地台上泥盆紀的介形


類的關係比較接近。 

本文之成由楊、穆兩先生赐予宝貴材料,刘雪筠同志攝製標本照片,徐宝瑞、 

張嗣秀同志代抄文稿,並承本所諸位先生修改本文底稿,作者於此深表謝意。 

种屬描述 

超科 Beyrichiacea 

科 Primitiidae Ulrich & Bassler 1923 

屬 Primitia Jones & Holl 1865 

Primitia quadrata Hou(新种) 

(图版 I,图 10—12,14—17) 

特性:体較小而厚,殼呈長方蛋形,鉸合綫直,但短於体長。背边直,腹边近 

直或微向外穹,兩端圓,前端高於後端,但後端較前端厚。基角及腹角均圆,前背 

角大於後背角,後腹角大於前腹角。殼面有細網狀裝飾,在殼之近中間处有一明顯 

的深而直的中槽,自殼高的中心直達於背边,槽前侧有不清晰的小疣。右殼微大於 

左殼,並沿其边緣而叠覆,在左殼边上有微下凹的边而被右殼叠覆於其上,在外面 

观之兩殼恰好吻合。前端保存不好,是否有叠覆不能斷定。 

標本度量: 

時代及產地:湖北長陽馬鞍山,向家磴(By7)及双栗樹(By230)。上泥盆紀寫經 

寺層中部薄層石灰岩及黄色泥質石灰岩夾頁岩層。登記号:(7484)。標本号:(121)。 

Holotype。 

科 Beyrichiidae Jones 1894 

亞科 Beyrichiinae Jones 1894 

屬 Beyrichia McCoy 1844 

Beyrichia mui Hou(新种) 

(圖版 I,圖 21—25)


特性:体側呈半圓形。鉸合綫直而長,形成体之最大長度。表面光滑,具有兩 

個深而下部相連如‘Y’字形的槽,此槽將殼面分為三個顯著的突起;前後突起的 

上下端各裝飾着一個刺狀物,另有一小疣位於前突起內边的下部甚不清晰。中間突 

起小如蛋形,孤立於前後突起之間;前突起位於殼之最前端近边緣处,較中突起長 

二倍餘,上部較下部有時可寬達一倍餘;上端与背边接觸形成尖而小於 90°的前 

基角,下端彎至腹部中間略偏前方。後突起最長大,自後背角沿体後端弯向殼之腹 

部超过中間处,与前突起不連接,或接觸一小部,有的個体後突起的上端狹而腹部 

較寬厚,並在下部的內側較發達。後基角約等於直角。自由边緣外沒有外鑲边緣; 

自腹面观之自由边緣向內彎。在外部呈凹陷帶狀,甚似被左殼叠覆於其上而接合的 

部分。 

根據 Beyrichia 屬的特性,陰性個体在後腹处有蛋形生殖袋,但在此种個体中 

未曾見帶蛋形生殖袋者,僅見有後突起之下部较發達的個体或許是其陰性個体。 

比較:根據外形構造此种甚似 B. moodeyi Ulrich & Bassler 及 B. salteriana 

Jones 但因此新种無放射边緣,而有四個刺狀物在背腹產生,故區別於後二者。 

時代及產地:湖北長陽馬鞍山向家磴(By 7),双栗樹(By 230)及白岩槽(By 

218)。上泥盆紀寫經寺層之中部薄層石灰岩層及黄色泥質石灰岩夾頁岩最丰富,与 

Cavellina latiovata 及 Perimarginia tuberosa 等共生,在其底部之含铁層中較 

少。登記号:(7489),標本号:(062 a)。Holotype。 

科 Kloedenellidae Ulrich & Bassler 1908 

亞科 Kloedenellinae Ulrich & Bassler 1908 

屬 Mennerella Egorov,1950 

Mennerella? sp. 

(圖版 I,圖 26—30) 

特性:殼側面外形近蛋形,帶有近直的铰合边,背边及腹边的兩端甚圓近於相 

等。背腹角均成鈍圓,殼面裝飾有二個開口的凹陷或槽,位於背部直達背边緣。後 

槽較長,位於殼背部中間偏後方,其底部有圆粒痕,較顯著。前槽短淺。兩槽間似 

成一直立的長疣,在槽及疣的周圍顯有不規則的粗綫紋成網狀裝飾。自由边緣(除 

背边不清晰外)微呈細凸边,凸边的外緣好似微顯下凹,可能右殼叠覆於左殼之上 

或是直接接觸。


標本度量: 

比較:此种標本与 C. hupehensis, Perijonesina 等共生,但沒有像他們那樣 

丰富,找到的多係內模。根據其特性殼成網狀,有兩開口的槽及外形等甚似俄羅斯 

地台泥盆紀地層中之 Mennerella 屬,但因沒有找到更好的完整個体,铰合情形不 

太明確,是否確為此屬还难决定,故於屬名后加一“?”。 

時代及產地:湖北長陽馬鞍山,白岩槽(By 218),上泥盆紀寫經寺層底部,含 

鲕狀赤铁鑛層。登記号:(7492)。標本号:(023)。Holotype。 

亞科 Perprimitiinae Egorov 1950 

屬 Mennerites Egorov 1950 

Mennerites hupehensis Hou(新种) 

(圖版 VIII,圖 1—15) 

特性:殼為長蛋形,背边及鉸合边直,腹边近於直或微顯外弯。前背角大於後 

背角,後腹角大於前腹角。前端高於後端。殼突起度不大,中間有寬大而開展的槽 

將殼分為兩部分,前後部分近背部都有明顯的疣裝飾着。前疣略低於後疣。腹部有 

顯著而平行腹边的長疣或肋骨狀突起(Rib)位於中槽的下面。 

因標本保存不好,大多數為內模,表面似有不清楚的網狀構造。在这些標本中 

背刺均未被發现。僅在圖 10 中顯有一部前端的凸边緣.雖有左右兩殼較完整的內 

摸,但其叠覆情形均未表現出來,現僅根據標本外表之形狀及具有的疣及凸边定為 

新种。 

陰性個体後部凸度甚大,即生殖袋所在处,具有此生殖袋個体之後部凸度都很 

大,因後疣突起与之吻合,故後疣不顯著,腹部肋骨狀突起也低而不清晰,生殖袋 

前下方有凹陷或狹沟,形成陡壁。殼之前部显平寬,前疣不顯著呈細長的肋骨狀突 

起(Rib)位於槽前。陽性個体之後部微厚於前部或近於等厚。疣很顯明,尤其是腹


部肋骨狀突起甚明顯,並常形成体之最大厚度。幼蟲個体的性別不易區分。幼蟲時 

体短而高,疣亦甚明顯。可惜背刺均未保存。 

標本度量: 

比較:此新种很似 Menuerites svinordensis Egorov 但因前端很顯著的高於 

後端。腹边直或微向外彎,及陰性個体生殖袋前下方有狹沟或凹陷等特性而區別於 

後者。 

時代及產地:湖北西部馬鞍山向家磴((By 7)及白岩槽下(By 218)。上泥盆紀 

寫經寺層中部黄色泥質灰岩夾頁岩及底部含铁層。登記号:(7655)。標本号:(043)。 

Holotype。 

亞科 Cavellininae Egorov 1950 

屬 Perimarginia Hou(新屬) 

屬型:Perimarginia tuberosa Hou (新屬,新种) 

特性:体為中等,側視呈橢圆形或卵形,右殼大於左殼,沿自由边緣而叠覆, 

中槽深長。向前傾,右殼背边在槽口处穹起,自此穹起处傾斜向後,铰合边近直, 

並短於殼之最大長度,左殼較狭,背边較直,不穹起,並在自由边緣外有凹陷帶狀 

边,被右殼叠覆。最大的叠覆在殼之腹部及後部。 

殼面有結節狀物,裝飾全殼或殼之一部分,排列不規則,但甚均勻,結節之大 

小近於相等。 

殼分二層,外層厚,內層薄,兩層在背腹緣融合為一,但向前後兩端逐漸分離, 

至头尾处則分離最寬。殼外面的中沟所在处,表現在殼之反面是隆脊。 

性的观察:成年的陰性個体較寬短,自中槽之後侧即自体之後半部中間至後端


最厚並很陡的至後边緣。陽性個体長蛋形,兩端圆近於相等,背腹边近於平行或微 

向外弯,殼之中槽似較狭,最大厚度位於中間或偏後半部。 

比較:此新屬的一般特性与俄羅斯地台泥盆紀地層中 Marginia Polenova 1952 

及 Kloedenellidae 科中的其他屬頗有類似之处。唯此新屬 Perimarginia 在腹边及 

後端的自由边緣处有很清楚的叠覆,然而 Marginia 屬最大叠覆在背边的前後端。 

最主要的區別是新屬的殼分內外兩層,而在 Marginia 屬的这种特性不明瞭。 

時代及產地:上泥盆紀,湖北长陽。 

Perimarginia tuberosa Hou (新屬,新种) 

(图版 II,圖 1—24;圖版 III,圖 1,4—8,9—11) 

特性:体中等,呈橢圓形。背边在沟之上端穹起,後背边斜向後端,腹边呈圓 

弓形較規則.前後兩端边緣圓,近於相等,鉸合綫近直,右殼大於左殼,除前端不 

顯著外並沿自由边緣叠覆於左殼上,在腹部及後端叠覆最多,其他各部如在前端及 

背边叠覆較少,左殼的边緣外面呈下凹的沟,此下凹的沟自鉸合綫的前端起經腹边 

到後端止,而右殼之自由边緣向內彎,左殼較狹,背边不穹起。殼面裝飾着排列不 

規則的小結節,表現在殼之前端甚清晰,因大多數的個体係內膜,個体雖多但沒有 

保存較好的完整個体。 

殼之中間有甚深而長的中槽,槽底部向後彎,在槽前側中間微顯疣狀物,後侧 

穹起度甚强,直至与背緣交接处都很陡;似隆脊;体之後端突起度大,漸向前端變 

薄。 

殼分內外兩層,內層較薄,外層厚,兩層在背腹緣相合似一層,漸向前後兩端 

分離至头尾处分離最寬。 

性的观察:陰性個体,有些成年個体較寬短,後半部的中間至後端最厚,並很 

陡的至後边緣。陽性個体為長蛋形,兩端圆,近於相等,背腹边近於平行或微向外 

彎.右殼大於左殼圍繞自由边緣而叠覆;叠覆情形与陰性者同。殼之最大厚处位於 

中間或後半部中間。未成年者微顯性的區別,陰性者中槽更深長,後端突起度甚强。 

殼面上之疣狀物不清楚(沒有看見)。陽性者的突起度均勻。中槽不太深,幼蟲個体 

的鉸合綫很清楚,直向後傾斜,背边穹出鉸合綫,右殼沿自由边緣叠覆左殼甚明顯, 

腹边叠覆最寬,成小蛋形。中間微顯橢圓形凹陷。後端宽圆,前端較狹。在最小的


個体(幼蟲)呈綠豆形,体厚,叠覆也可看出,兩端近等,陷所及疣狀物等都不顯。 

標本度量: 

比較:从外形及其叠覆情形看,此种与 Perijonesina sinensis 甚相似,但因 

前者表面有結節狀物裝飾,有一大、深而長的中槽,向前伸,背边在槽口处穹起, 

右殼叠覆左殼顯著,後背边直向後傾斜等特性而与之有別。 

時代及產地:時代为上泥盆紀寫經寺層。湖北長陽馬鞍山向家磴(By 7 )及双栗 

樹下(By 230)。登記号:(7518)。標本号:(108 左)。Holotype。 

Perimarginia ovata Hou(新屬新种) 

(圖版 III,圖 2—3,12—20;圓版Ⅳ,圖 1—10) 

特性:体中等大小,呈橢圓形,右殼大於左殼,並沿左殼之自由边緣而叠覆, 

在腹部叠覆最寬,前後边及背边叠覆較微,背边近直或微顯窍起,腹边寬圓,中部 

突出呈窍形,前後兩端圓度近於相等,兩殼接觸之縫合綫不在一平面上,腹部中間 

向外窍,至前後腹角处向裹彎,在左殼之自由边緣外边呈下凹的边緣而被右殼叠覆 

於其上,但右殼边緣內部之構造在標本中未見到。殼面有小結節裝飾,但排列不規 

則,小結節的大小与 P. tuberosa 的成年個体前端所示者相同,在殼之中間或略偏 

前方有狭的中槽,中槽之上端淺寬,槽中間之兩侧有圆疣突起不太顯著。殼突起度 

為中等,腹部中間最厚,背腹中間联綫最高,背角及腹角圆度近於相等,殼也分內 

外兩層,內層薄与外層局部接联,在兩端及腹部分離較寬。


幼蟲個体甚短,近圓形,背边直而短,中槽細狹,清晰,短於体高之二分之一。 

槽側之疣不显,但在不成年個体此疣已顯著,且殼体也校長。 

標本度量: 

比較:此种有些特性像 P. tuberosa 但因中槽直,狹及腹边弯呈圓弧形,前後端 

皆有叠覆,腹部中間叠覆最多,最大的厚度在体之腹部。小結節排列在殼的前後部 

等特性可与後者區別。 

時代及產地:同前。登記号:(7544)。標本号:(087)。Holotype。 

Perijonesina Hou(新屬) 

屬型:Perijonesina sinensis Hou(新屬新种) 

特性:体側视呈切橢圓形,背边及鉸合边直,在其前端向外突出呈顯明的前基 

角。兩端圓,腹边向外穹出均勻,殼為二裂片或三裂片,在殼中間背部有中槽直達 

背边,其長約為殼高的二分之一;槽之底端有小圓形粒痕。槽前圓疣顯著,有時在 

此疣前有不顯著的凹陷。 

兩殼不等,右殼大於左殼並叠覆左殼於背腹边,自由边緣在前端呈凹陷的边, 

但在凹陷的边外又有凸狀边,殼分內外兩層,內层薄,外層厚,內層自殼之中間至 

前後兩端与外層分離並於背腹兩边緊密連接。殼之中槽由於內層之平滑遮蓋在反面 

很光滑,不顯有清晰的突起物.陰性及陽性個体甚易區別。陽性個体之後部与前部 

突起已近相等,最大厚度在殼之中間偏後方,陰性個体的最大厚度則位於後半部, 

未看見殼裹面有隔板。 

殼面呈網狀裝飾或光滑。 

此屬外形特性類似石炭紀的屬 Jonesina Ulrich et Bassler emend. Egorov 

及泥盆紀的屬 Knoxiella Egorov 但因前者右殼叠覆左殼僅在背腹边,兩背角不等,


前背有顯明的基角,疣不顯著,中沟 ( 槽 ) 短 ,殼之反面平滑等特性而區別於 Jonesina 

屬;又因此新屬的右殼叠覆左殼僅在背腹边,而前後端沒有叠覆,右殼腹边中間弯 

曲顯著,在殼的前端凹陷边之外有清楚的厚凸边,故与 Knoxiella 屬的區別亦甚明 

顯。 

時代及產地:上泥盆紀。湖北長陽。 

Perijonesina sinensis Hou(新种) 

(图版 IV,圖 11—19;圖版 V,图 1—29;圖版 VI,图 1—6) 

特性:体侧切橢圓形,背边及鉸合边直,腹边中間向外穹出,後端圆前端微狹 

於後端在鉸合边的前極端突出顯明,殼之中間偏前方有較細的中槽。在中槽之底端 

有小圓形粒痕,為肌肉痕之所在地。槽前圓疣顯著,有些個体在疣前顯有不明顯的 

凹陷,殼較厚,分內外兩層,內層薄,外層較厚,在殼之中間至前後端內外層相隔 

較遠而在背腹边則緊密連接成一層,以致在顯微鏡下亦甚难分別出來。殼外面顯明 

的中槽在裹面被平光的內層遮蓋而不顯。殼之自由边緣呈下凹之沟狀(凹陷)边,但 

在殼之前端此凹陷边外又連以凸边;此凹陷边自前端殼長之四分之一处或自鉸合边 

前極端处開始圍繞前端,經腹边到後端。根據分開的單殼边緣的特性及殼之大小推 

測其叠覆之情形如下:左右兩殼之前边緣外部有下凹之沟狀边,自由边緣均向外開 , 

故兩殼前端的接合是由下凹边之外的凸边直接縫合接觸。鉸合边处右殼叠覆左殼但 

甚不清晰,而腹边因右殼突出較大,右殼高(寬)於左殼,所以右殼之腹边中間叠覆 

左殼之腹边,後部边緣的叠覆甚难推測。但根據幼蟲叠覆之情形应是直接接觸。殼 

面似有網狀裝飾。 

陽性個体后部与前部突起度近於相等,中槽下方即腹部及槽後側的疣狀物突起 

较大,成為最大厚度,侧面呈纺綞形,陰性個体之後部突起甚大成為殼之最大厚度, 

背面視則呈楔形,在陰性殼之裹面生殖袋前亦未見有隔板。 

幼蟲個体与成年者共生且甚丰富,在很小的幼年階段形似綠豆,殼突起度很陡。 

背边直,前後部不易識別,在稍大一些時槽即很清晰,後部突起度甚强,背面观如 

楔形,側視如豆狀,後背角大於前背角,前腹角大於後腹角,右殼之腹边叠覆左殼 

腹边甚明顯,右殼背边微叠覆左殼背边,而在前後端均是自由边緣外下凹之边緣直 

接接觸,陽性及陰性在此時已微有區別。


標本度量: 

比較:此种与下述的 C.hupehensis 在外形视之很相似,但因此种中槽較清晰, 

槽前現有不清晰的凹陷,背边的前端突出,殼之前後边沒有叠覆且在腹边中間右殼 

叠覆左殼甚厚,故詳細观察兩种的區別很明顯。 

時代及產地:湖北長陽馬鞍山白岩槽下(By 218)上泥盆紀寫經寺層底部含赤铁 

矿的灰岩中。登記号:(7578)。標本号:(05 右 d)。Holotyge。 

屬 Cavellina Coryell 1928,emend. Kellett 1935 

Cavellina hupehensis Hou(新种) 

(圖版 VI,图 7—25) 

特性:体側近橢圓形,背面观如楔形或紡綞形。右殼有突出不大的背边及向外 

彎出較强的腹边;左殼的背及腹边近於直,並近於平行,後端較前端圓。殼上近中 

間有淺而寬的槽,達於背边,槽前有不顯著的小疣狀物,成年的陽性個体在槽後侧 

之突起物突起度較强。右殼大於左殼並叠覆左殼於背腹边。左殼边上除背边不清楚 

外都围有向內凹的边被右殼叠覆,在腹边較顯著,在背边微有叠覆,在前後边右殼 

恰好蓋於左殼的內凹边上,異常符合,在外面观則似沒有叠覆,或微顯叠覆;殼上 

裝飾不清,有細網狀或呈光滑。 

陽性個体最厚处在中腹部,前後端厚度相差不大,陰性個体後部特別發達,形 

成最大厚度,前端漸薄,在標本中未見到有隔板。 

幼蟲個体及未成年陰性的個体,後部較短且凸度甚强,在後部膨脹处的前面有 

一沟,此沟自腹边漸向背边變淺,沟前殼面較低平。因標本係內模,其幼蟲之叠覆


情形未能表現出來。 

標本度量: 

比較:此新种很似 C. devoniana Egorov,但因体較大,殼中間有寬而淺的槽, 

与後者的平滑殼面不同,同時此种在殼之前後及腹边沒有表现平滑的榨形凸边。 

時代及產地:同前。登記号:(7592)。標本号:(036b)。Holotype。 

Cavellina latiovata Hou (新种) 

(图版 IX,圖 1—8) 

特性:体較大側视呈寬蛋形,背视呈楔形,右殼大於左殼沿自由边緣圍繞左殼, 

在背腹边叠覆最寬。背腹边緣圓,並向內彎甚强,兩端圆,前端狹於後端。在標本 

中陰陽性個体同時生存,且均甚丰富,陽性個体較寬大,后半部中間較厚漸向前端 

低落成平滑較狹的前端。陰性個体之後半部較陽性狹,且後部特別發達,至後边緣 

彎下甚陡,背面看如楔形,殼之中間偏前端且近背部有不顯著的淺短的凹陷,在所 

有的標本中沒有看見陰性生殖袋前之隔板。 

標本度量: 

比較:此屬在中國最初發現於湖北下二叠紀的地層中,所包各种与泥盆紀者完 

全不同。在泥盆紀中的种殼較大,可達二毫米以上,且殼面構造較簡單,而苏联 

Евролейской 东北區域相当上泥盆紀弗郎斯建造(Франский)中發現的 Cavellina 

uchtensis 確有些特性与此种相似,但因在中國所產者殼体大,殼面光滑,且背腹


緣近於对称,及前半部近背边徽顯淺短的凹陷而區別於 C. uchtensis。 

時代及產地:湖北長陽馬鞍山向家磴(By 7 ),双栗樹(By 230)及白岩槽(By 218) 

寫經寺層中部之薄層灰岩及泥質灰岩夾頁岩層中非常丰富,並沿層面成層發現与 

Beyrichia mui 共生,驟然一看好像鲕狀石灰岩;但在底部含铁鑛層中較少。登記 

号:(7611)。標本号:(130 左)。Holotype。 

Cavellina sinensis Hou(新种) 

(图版 VII,圖 2—8,16—27) 

特性:殼側面呈蛋形,前後端近於相等。右殼大於左殼並沿自由边緣而叠覆左 

殼,但在背腹边緣叠覆較寬,沿前後边緣叠覆較狹或微有叠覆。殼面被一中凹陷分 

為兩個主要部分,前部分突起平緩,中凹陷的下方及後侧突起度較大。陽性個体自 

中凹陷的後侧最厚处向体之後端漸低薄,但在後腹处也有較淺的凹陷發生,在中凹 

陷的下方最厚处的前边近前腹角处有一寬淺而短的凹陷產生,在未成年的個体中均 

沒有凹陷。 

殼之中間偏向後端在中凹陷底部有深而呈橢圓粒痕陷所,此陷所隨個体的成長 

而逐漸增大,並吻合於殼之中凹陷直達到背边。陰性個体的後端即向中凹陷之後側 

到尾部的凸度很大,形成体之最大厚度。此处应為生殖袋所在地,在生殖袋的前方 

与槽的下部即体之腹部間有清晰的凹陷或為陰性個体生殖袋前的隔板的所在处,陰 

性与陽性個体的區別从上述各點來看是很容易區別的,但由於標本多係光滑的內 

模,表面構造不清楚,以致除成年個体外幼蟲時期的區別無法瞭解。 

標本度量: 

比較:此种雖与下二叠紀的 C.maanshanensis 相似,但其殼較高,V 形陷所


清晰,縫合線不在一平面,在背边有明顯的彎曲。 

時代及產地:湖北西部長陽馬鞍山白岩槽(By 218),向家磴(By 7)。上泥盆紀 

寫經寺層底部含鲕狀赤铁鑛的石灰岩中最丰富。登記号:(7649)。標本号:(068)。 

Holotype。 

亞科 Lichiminae Posner (in litt.) 

屬 Knoxiella Egorov 1950 

Knoxiella? sp. (新种) 

(圖版 VII,圖 1,9—15) 

特性:体侧為蛋形,後端鈍圓,前端較狹。背边近直並向後端傾斜或微向外彎。 

其前端在体長的四分之一处与前边緣相連而成約為 90°的前基角。腹边寬圓。殼 

自由边緣的外形似斜的平行四边形,鉸合边与腹边平行,前背与後腹近於平行,殼 

之突起度甚强,最大厚度在腹部中間或後部,殼前後端之中間連綫最長。殼面光滑, 

在殼之前半部近背边有一不太顯著而短的凹陷直達背边。未找到完整及丰富的標 

本,鉸合及叠覆情形不明,根據僅有的標本的右殼,腹边之自由边緣,在前腹处形 

成向上彎曲,腹边及前後端呈很强的向左殼弯。 

標本中有若干幼蟲個体係內模亦呈蛋形,边緣与此种大的個体相同,凹陷小而 

圓似粒痕,位於前半部近背边,但殼前端微厚於後端,兩殼之縫合綫似在一平面上, 

兩殼成直接接觸,沒有叠覆情形,根據外形及表面構造很似此种的幼蟲。 

標本度量: 

比較:此种類似苏联俄羅斯地台附近上泥盆紀弗郎斯建造(Франский ярус) 

中所產的 Knoxiella variabilis (Gleb. et Zasp. in litt),但因本种在前背部 

只有一陷所,前背角約為 90°後背角圓而有區別。 

寺層。 

時代及產地:湖北長陽馬鞍山向家磴(By 7)及白岩槽(By 218)。上泥盆紀寫經 

登記号:(7627,7631)。標本号:(139 左 a,139 右 a)。Syntypes。


超科 Cypridacea 

科 Bairdiidae Sars 1887 

屬 Bairdia McCoy 1844 

Bairdia sp. 

(圖版 IX,圖 9—10) 

特性:体小,左殼沿自由边緣叠覆右殼,前端鈍圆,後端尖圓,並略低於前端, 

背边圓,前背边近直向前傾斜,後背边較長微顯彎曲。腹边中間直或有不顯著的內 

凹,其兩端向上彎至前後極端。此標本係一內模,其他性質不明。 . 

時代及產地:湖北馬鞍山白岩槽(By 218),上泥盆紀寫經寺層底部。登記号: 

(7618)。標本号:(134)。Monotype。 

Family incertae 

屬 Hupehella Hou(新屬) 

屬型 Hupehella lunata Hou(新屬新种) 

特性:殼体具有近半圓的凸边,自前端經腹边圍繞至後端。殼呈蛋形,為中等 

突起度。鉸合綫直,短於殼長並向前端傾斜,在左殼鉸合綫的兩端有清楚顯著的鉸 

窩(Socket),兩鉸窩問呈一横溝,在右殼上適当处应有兩鉸齒及一棒形凸狀物產生。 

殼之最大長度及最大高度在其前後及背腹的中間連綫上。背边的突起很强並展伸超 

过铰合綫。兩端狹圓,腹边圆弧形,但凸边在腹边中間向內凹,而較其他部分狹細。 

殼面無疣及凹陷或粒痕等裝飾,但在背腹兩部突起度較大,背腹部之間較低平。 

時代及產地:上泥盆紀,湖北長陽。 

Hupehella lunata Hou(新种) 

(圖版 VIII,圖 16—21) 

特性:標本中大的個体,侧视近三角形,背边中部突出越过鉸合綫成弧形,前 

後背边傾斜向前後兩端与微向外彎的腹边相連,形成不等圆的前後端,前端狹圓後 

端寬圓,鉸合綫直並短於体長向前端傾斜,基角大於 90°,後基角大於前基角, 

在現有的標本中左殼很多,成年(大的個体)只有一個也為左殼,右殼僅有一幼年個


体,唯鉸合边不清,在所有的保存較好的左殼土鉸合边的兩極端处有顯著的鉸窩 

(Socket),據此特性,在右殼上的適当处無疑的应有鉸齒存在,殼之自由边緣外有 

很明顯的凸边(flange),此凸边甚难保存,僅發現一、二個帶边的左殼,自前端中 

間沿腹边至後端中間,其寬度不等,在兩端最寬厚至腹边中間最细並向裹彎。 

殼面裝飾簡單,無槽及粒痕,但殼突起甚不均勻,背腹部横膨脹甚强,似長疣 

狀物,殼之中部較低平,殼面構造不清,叠覆情形不明,幼蟲個体与成長個体構造 

相同,唯殼面上的横膨脹長疣狀物更為明顯。 

標本度量: 

時代及產地:湖北長陽馬鞍山向家磴(By 7)及白岩槽(By 218),上泥盆紀寫 

經寺層中部灰岩下之黃色泥質灰岩夾頁岩及底部含赤铁鑛層。登記号:(7659, 

7662—63)。標本号:(117 右 b,115d,117 右 e)。Syntypes。 

Trinota Hou(新屬) 

屬型:Trinota costata Hou(新屬新种) 

特性:体侧視呈長蛋形,兩端鈍圓,殼面分為三葉,背腹边近直或向內凹,殼 

面装飾有三個圓疣及一長形隆脊,近殼之中間有一粒痕,粒痕下即為長隆脊之所在, 

其上近背边產生一小圓疣,此疣之前有前疣,後有後疣,三疣排列近一直綫,疣間 

呈不明顯的凹陷直達於背边,殼突起度不大,甚底平,殼之兩端边緣呈細凸的半圓 

形的凸边,經过腹边向內凹而较其他部分狹細。殼之反面凸边即成深沟,左右兩殼 

構造相同,叠覆及鉸合情形不明。 

殼面呈網狀。 

此屬与 Mennerites Egorov 有相同的特性,但前者的殼是三葉的,背腹角都甚 

圓而近相等,左右兩殼沿自由边緣都有凸边,此边在殼之反面則都呈深而清晰的沟, 

很明顯的區別於 Mennerites 屬,右殼叠覆左殼而左殼的边啣接在右殼的沟中的叠 

覆情形。同時,此屬的未成年個体並沒有後背刺產生的痕迹,故可能是一新屬。


時代及產地:上泥盆紀。湖北長陽。 

Trinota costata Hou(新屬新种) 

(圖版 VIII,圖 22—26) 

特性:体侧視呈長蛋形,兩端鈍圓,前端較高,背边及腹边近直或向內凹,有 

時腹边內凹較大,鉸合綫微向下彎,殼之表面裝飾有疣及隆脊,在殼中間有深而清 

晰的粒痕陷所。陷所之上部即近背边緣处,有一小疣突起是為中疣,前有前疣,后 

有後疣,三疣大小近相等,排列近一直線,但後疣的位置略低,有時不清楚,在三 

疣之間形成兩個不太深的槽直達於背边。殼之腹部也正是粒痕陷所之下部,有一较 

長而凸起很高的隆脊,前後背腹角都很圓。殼前後及腹边緣呈細肋骨狀的凸边緣, 

此肋骨狀凸边起自绞合边的前端繞过前边,腹边及後边至鉸合边的後端止,但在腹 

边中間很狹,有時因腹边內凹而不顯著。 

殼面呈網狀,因標本保存不好顯示多不清楚,在未成年個体上網狀裝飾僅微顯 

一部分。在標本中左殼此右殼多.沒有找到完整的個体,鉸合及叠覆情形不清楚, 

在標本中所見的特性來表現有陰陽性的區別。未成年個体的特性也同於大的個体的 

特性。 

標本度量: 

時代及產地:湖北長陽馬鞍山向家磴(By 7 ),上泥盆紀寫經寺層中部黃色泥質 

灰岩夾頁岩。登記号:(7666)。標本号:(126 右 j)。Holotype。 

Bernix? sp. 

(圖版 VIII,圖 27—37) 

特性:殼侧面呈橢圓或蛋形,背面观則為鈍楔形,前後端圆,但前端較狹,背 

边直或向外穹出,形成鈍圓的基角,腹边圓成弧形,殼近中間有深圓的粒痕,自此 

粒痕至背边呈淺沟,此沟微向後穹,並漸向背方增寬,沟的兩侧有突狀物,前侧突 

起如疣較清晰,在疣之前微有凹陷,後侧与殼之突起度相吻合,腹部较背部厚,後


端較前端微厚,粒痕之前後方及向腹部处顯有不規則的放射紋。鉸合綫似近直而短, 

約為殼長的二分之一。根據個体之大小比較,一般的個体,高与長的比例數很大, 

可達到 70%。 

標本度量: 

時代及產地:湖北長陽馬鞍山,双栗樹下(By 230)及白岩槽下(By 218),上泥 

盆紀寫經寺層中部之石灰岩及底部之含铁矿層。登記号:(7675—78)。標本号:(06 

C,06b,06 a;149)。Syntypes。 

Gen. et sp. A (indet.) 

(圖版 I,圖 18—20) 

特性:侧視近寬切蛋形。背边直,腹边圆,後端寬圆,前端狭圓,沿前边緣向 

背方伸延,与背边連接处形呈顯著的前背角,並大於直角,殼突起度為中等,裝飾 

有圓大的疣狀物,位於背部中間微偏后方,其後側与殼之後部相連,前侧亦達於殼 

之前部,疣狀物的位置約估殼高的二分之一。殼前後部突起度相連,連接处均勻平 

坦,与疣間形成下凹的槽,此槽自殼中心沿圓疣的前側漸尖減於背边。 

殼面上有圓網狀孔排列,但不規則,在殼前端甚顯著,後端不清楚。右殼大於 

左殼並沿自由边緣叠覆。 

標本度量: 

時代及產地:湖北長陽馬鞍山双栗樹(By 230)及向家磴(By 7),上泥盆紀寫經 

寺層中部。 

登記号:(7680—81)。


Gen. et. sp. B (indet.) 

(圖版 I,圖 1—9,13) 

特性:体小呈橢圓形。前後兩端圓度近於相等,背边直或微向上穹出,越过絞 

合綫,腹边甚圓成圆弧形,绞合綫直,並短於殼之最大長度,基角圓。殼突起度中 

等,甚均勻,但右殼突起度較左殼的略大,因右殼大於左殼並沿其自由边緣叠覆, 

自前基角經腹边至後基角叠覆的强弱不等,在兩端叠覆狹,愈近腹边叠覆愈寬,至 

腹边中間叠覆最寬。殼之近背处有不太清晰的細狹的直立的凹陷;凹陷兩侧有突起, 

後侧者如圓疣膨脹甚高,前侧者較低。殼面光滑。就現有的標本,最大個体長度及 

最大高度位於殼之中間,即前後端的中間連綫及背腹边之中間連綫,最大厚度即為 

凹陷後侧之突起处。 

此標本除較大的右殼沿前後及腹边叠覆左殼的特點外,其他特性均与 

Sansabella 及 Leperditella 兩屬的特性類似,但因標本保存完整的較少,是否屬 

於 Sansabella 或 Leperditella 屬,尚不能確定。 

時代及產地:湖北長陽馬鞍山向家磴(By 7),双栗樹(By 230)及白岩槽(By 

218),上泥盆紀寫經寺層。登記号:(7470—79)。 

參考文献 

[1] Bassler and Kellett, 1934. Bibliographic Index of Paleozoic Ostracoda. Geol. Soc. Amer. Special 

Paper, No. 1. 

[2] Grabau & Shimer, 1910. North Amer. Index fossils, Pt. 2, p. 354. 

[3] Grekoff, N. 1953. Les fermes ultimes d’Invertebres: morphologie et evolution-Ostracoda-Taite de 

Paleontologie III, p. 269. 

[4] Jones, T. R., 1895. Notes on the Paleozoic bivalved Entomostraca No. 31, some Devonian species. 

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 6, Vol. 15, p. 59-66, pl. 7. 

[5] ——, 1889. On some North American (Canadian) species. Ibid. Ser. 6, Vol. 3, p. 373-386, pls. 

16-17. 

[6] Jones, T. R. & Holl, H. B., 1865. Some Silurian species. Ann. Mog. Nat. Hist. Ser. 3, Vol. 16, pl. 13, 

p. 414-425. 

[7] ——, 1886. On some Silurian genera and species. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 5, Vol. 17, pl. 13-14, p. 

403-413.


[8] Jones, T. R., 1886. On the genus Beyrichia and some new species. Ann. Mag. Nat. 

Hist. Ser. 5, Vol. 17, pl. 12, p. 337-363. 

[9] Kegel, W., 1913. Der Taunusquazzlt von natzenelnbogen. Abh. d. Kgl. Preuss, Geol. 

Landes. N. F. Heft. 76, pl. 2, p. 38-41, figs. 1-12. 

[10] Krause, H. A., 1891. Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Ostrakoden-Fauna in Silurischen 

Diluvialges-chieben. Zeit. Deut. Geol. Gesell. Bd. 43, pl. 29-33, p. 488-521. 

[11] Krumbein & Sloss, 1951. Stratigraphy and Sedimentation, p. 232-234. 

[12] Paeckelmann, Werner, 1913. Das oberdevon der Bergischen. Preuss. Ceol. Landes. Abh. 

n.s. 70, 356p, 8pls. Berlin. 

[13] Pokorny, V., 1950. The Ostracods of the Middle Devonian Red Coral Limestones of 

Celechovice. Sbornik statniho Geol. Ustavu, Svaz. 17, p. 68-118, 5 pls. 

[14] Richter, H. R., 1869. Devonische Entomostracean in Thuringen-Deut. Geol. Ges. Zeits. 

21, p. 757-776, pl. 20-21. 

[15] Shimer & Shrock, 1944. Index fossils of N. America. 

[16] Swartz, F. M., 1936. Revision of the Primitiidae and Beyrichiidae with new Ostracoda 

from the Lower Devonian of Pennsylvania. Jour. Pal. Vol. 10, No. 7, p. 541-586, pls. 

78-89. 

[17] ——, 1933. Dimorphism and orientation in ostracoda of the Family Kloedenellidae 

from the Silurian of Pennsylvania. Jour. Pal. 7, No, 3, p. 231—260, pls. 28—30. 

[18] Thomas, Ivor, 1905. Neue beitrage zur kenntniss der devonischen fauna Argentiniens. 

Zeil. Deut. Geol. Gesell. Bd. 57, pl. 11, p. 250. 

[19] Ulrich, E. O. & Bassler, R. S., 1908. New American Palaeozoic Ostracoda. Proceed. U.S. 

Nat. Mus. Vol. 35, figs. 37-44, p. 277-340. 

[20] ——, 1923. Palaeozoic Ostracod—Maryland Geol. Surv. Silurian vol. 

[21] Williams, H. S., 1916. The fauna of the Chapman Sandstone of Maine. Prof. Paper 89. 

[22] Whidborne, G. F., 1896. Dev. fauna of the South of England, Vol. 3. Palaeontographical 

Soc. London. 

[23] Williams, H. S., 1916. The fauna of the Chapman sandstone of Maine. Prof. Paper 89, pl. 

27, p. 289-292. 

[24] Zittel, K. A., 1927. Text-book of Palaeontology, Vol. 1, p. 735-742. 

[25]—[32] 均为俄文(略)

古生物学报 

第 3 卷第3期 1955 年 8 月 

NEW DEVONIAN OSTRACODS FROM HUPEH 

Y. T. Hou 

Institute of Palaeontology, Academia Sinica 

(with 9 plates) 

Introduction 

The materials which form the subject of the present paper was collected from the 

Upper Devonian Hsiehkingssu formation of Changyang district, W. Hupeh. The majority 

of the ostracods are more or less ironized, and are usually well preserved. 

The specimens illustrated and described in this paper comprise 15 species in 11 

genera, of them 4 genera and 11 species are new. 

The Hsiehkingsuu formation of Changyang district of Hupeh is estimated about 30 

meters in thickness. The ostracods obtained from the thin-bedded and argillaceous 

limestones i.e. from the middle part of this formation are: 

Primitia quadrata (sp. nov.) 


Perimarginia tuberosa (gen. et sp. nov.) 

Perimarginia ovata (gen. et sp. nov.) 






Trinota costata (gen. et sp. nov.) 

Bernix? sp. 




In association with the above forms, many specimens of Yunnanella abrupta Grabau, 

Yunnanellina triplicate Grabau, Tenticospirifer supervilis Tien, etc. have been found. The 

ostracods of the iron-oolitic bed, i.e. from the lower part of the formation are


characterized by the following forms: 


Mennerella? sp. (sp. nov.) 


Perijonesina sinensis (gen. et sp. nov.) 





Bairdia sp. 


Bernix? sp. 


These species have been found in association with Yunnanella abrupta 

Grahau, Y. abrupta scunurioides Tien, Tenticospirifer sp.. All the fossils belong 

to the Upper Devonian. 

On examining the vertical distributions of different species of ostracods, the 

writer noticed that Trinota, Perimarginia and Primitia quadrata are confined 

to the middle part i.e. the yellowish argillaceous limestones of the Hsiehkingssu 

formation, while the genera Perijonesina and Mennerella are restricted to the 

lower part i.e. the iron bearing rocks of this formation. The species Beyrichia 

mui and Cavellina latiovata have been found abundantly in the yellowish 

argillaceous limestone but rather rarely in the iron-bearing rocks; and the species 

Cavellina hupehensis and Cavellina sinensis are rich in the lower part and few 

in the middle. As a whole, the ostracods of the Hsiehkingssu formation of this 

area are varied in form and abundant in amount, they exhibit complex and 

distinquished structures and differents ornament which are favor to critical 

identifications. 

Ostracods are not yet known in the corresponding strata of other areas in 

China. Some ostracod genera such as Mennerites, Mennierella?, Knoxiella?, are 

now known in “Свенордские слои” of Upper Devonian (Frasnian) of Russian 

platform. The species described in the present paper as M. hupehensis and 

Knoxiella sp. are clearly related to Mennerites svinordensis Egorov and 

Knoxiella variabillis (Gleb. et Zasp. in litt.) etc. Other species such as


Cavellina latiovata and C. hupehensis recall the Cavellina uchtensis Egorov and 

C. devoniana Egorov of “Пестроцветная толца” of Upper Devonian of 

Russian platform. The ostracods of the Hsienkingssu formation bear indeed a 

remarkable affinity to those of the Upper Devonian in “Главное девонское поле ” 

of Russian platform. 

The writer wishes to express her thanks to Messrs. K. C. Yang and A. T. Mu for 

sending their a number of excellent specimens for study. It is with pleasure that the writer 

thanks Mr. S. Y. Liu for the often troublesome task of photographing the specimens. Finally 

she is indebted to Dr. H. C. Sze for the critical reading of the manuscript. 

Descriptions of species 

Superfamily Beyrichiacea 

Family Primitiidae Ulrich & Bassler 1923 

Subfamily Primitiinae Ulrich and Bassler 1923 

Genus Primitia Jones & Holl 1865 

Primitia quadrata Hou (sp. nov.) 

(Pl. 1, figs. 10-12, 14-17) 

Description: Carapace small in size, elongately truncato-ovate in lateral view, hinge 

line straight and shorter than the length. Dorsally elongate subovate; dorsum straight, 

venter slightly convex. Ends round, with the anterior end higher than the posterior, forming 

the greatest height of valve, the maximum thickness at the posterior portion. Antero-dorsal 

angle larger than postero-dorsal angle, the postero-ventral angle larger than antero-ventral 

one. 

Surface rather regularly convex, marked by the fine reticulations, with a small, deep 

vertical median sulcus or furrow from center to dorsal, and an indistinct node in the front 

of median furrow. Right valve slightly larger than the left overlapping the later along the 

free margins; margin of left valve depressed, and is coincident with the margin of right 

valve; both valves are similarly equal to each other in ventral view. 

Horizon and Localities: from the thin-bedded argillaceous limestone of Upper Devonian, 

Hsiehkingssu formation, Changyang district of Hupeh. Loc. N. (By 7, By 230). 

Holotype: Cat N. (7484).


Family Beyrichiidae Jones 1894 

Subfamily Beyrichiinae Jones 1894 

Genus. Beyrichia McCoy 1844 

Beyrichia mui Hou (sp. nov.) 

(Pl. 1, Figs. 21-25) 

Description: Carapace subsemicircular, widening posteriorly. Hinge long 

and straight, forming the greatest length of the valve. Anterior cardinal angle 

less than the posterior angle, which is near equal to 90 degrees. Ventral margin 

gently sloping down the anterior end, and abruptly bending to the other end. 

Carapace smooth, divided by two deep, united sulci, into three expanded 

lobes. First (anterior) lobe more flat and thick, broad at the upper part, 

strongly convex at the ventral, curving backwards along the anterior edge, with 

a vertical depression in the antsro-dorsal part of the lobe. Second (median) lobe 

isolated, small, oval, very strongly convex, situated in the center. Third 

(posterior) lobe more longer, narrower than the first, curving forwards and 

over-reaching the middle of the ventral margin. In some specimens the third 

lobe has a low and flat convexity but in the other ones it is strongly convex. In 

the inner side, these lobes (first and third) are sharply defined by the deep 

sulcus, and on the outer side of the third lobe these lobes slope rapidly to the 

level of the valve margin and the first lobe slopes gently to the edge at the 

upper part, and rapidly at the ventral. All lobes are separated by deep, and 

narrow sulci, joined below by a funnel-shaped connection near the ventral margin. 

Surface smooth, ornamented by four short and rounded spines, nearly equal in 

size; two of them occur in the dorsal part near extremities, pointed antero- and 

postero-dorsally; the outer two spines situated in the lower end of the first and 

third lobes. A small indistinct tubercle occurred in the lower part of inner side 

of the anterior lobe. Hingemtent unknown. 

Relationships: With regard to the carapace and external structure of the 

shells, this species agrees in soma respects with Beyrichia moodeyi Ulrich and 

Bassler and Beyrichia salterina Jones, but differs from the latter in the 

presence of the spines and in the absence of the striated marginal border. The 

shorter and broader anterior lobes of our species differ markedly from 

Beyrichia salteriana Jones. 

Horizon and Localities: Common in the oolitic-hematitic limestone and rare


in the thin-bedded limestone the Upper Devonian, Hsiehkingssu formation of 

the Changyang district, Hupeh. Loc. N. (By 7, 230, 218). 

Holotype: Cat. N. (7489). 

Family Kloedenellidae Ulrich & Bassler 1908 

Subfamily Kloedenellinae Egorov 1950 

Genus Mennerella Egorov 1950 

Mennerella? sp. nov. 

(Pl. 1, Figs. 26-30) 

Description: Lateral view of carapace ovoid shape, with a considerable broad 

anterior. Maximum height in front of the middle. Dorsal margin and hinge line 

near straight or slightly convex, the length of the hinge line is about two-thirds the 

length of valve. Ventral margin nearly parallel to the dorsal, both ends rounded. 

Dorsal and ventral angles obtusely rounded. 

Two sulci running on the surface of the valve, the anterior one situated in the 

front of the middle dorsal and the posterior one lying behind the middle of dorsal, 

the former is the smaller and shorter, the length of the latter is a little less than 

one-half the height of valve, a pit of just falling into the base of the latter sulcus 

and between the two sulci is a bean-shaped node. There are many irregular lines 

surround the sulci and node forming the reticulatad structure on the surface. 

The present material consists of a number of left valves and an internal 

mould of right valve; a depression has been recognized around the free margin of 

left valve (except in the dorsal margin), it indicates possibly that the right valve 

overlaps the left one or directly in contact with the latter. 

Relationships: The present form is referable to the genus Mennerella Egorov 

in its general features of the surface sculpture clearly similar to M. tuberosa the 

genotype of that genus, but our specimens are poorly preserved and no complete 

hingeline can be readily recognized. 

Horizon and Locality: Oolitic-hematitic limestone of Upper Devonian, 

Hsiehkingssu formation of the Changyang district of Hupeh. Loc. No. (By 218). 


Subfamily Perprimitiinae Egorov 1950 

Genus Mennerites Egorov 1950 

Mennerites hupehensis Hou (sp. nov.) 

(Pl. 8, Figs. 1-15) 

Description: Carapace elongated ovate in side view, truncated dorsally by


straight hinge line about two-thirds of greatest length of the valve; cardinal angles 

obtuse, the anterior cardinal angle larger than the posterior and the postero-ventral 

angle larger than antero-ventral one. 

Ventral margin straight or slightly convex, ends rounded; the anterior end 

higher than posterior end. Surface moderately convex, ornamented by two nodes 

and a ventral rib parallel to the ventral margin. The nodes are separated by a 

broad median sulcus or depression. The anterior node is always lower than the 

posterior one. 

A great number of internal moulds are present, the surface marking of the 

moulds is inconspicuous and seems to be ornamented by delicate reticulations. 

Hingement unknown. 

The female form of this species differs from the male in the swelled posterior 

end and in the presence of a narrow furrow or depression in front of the posterior 

end, the nodes and ventral rib indistinct. The maximum thickness of the female form 

is at the swelled portion of posterior end, but that of the male is at the ventral or at 

posterior node. The sexual differences in the young forms is indistinguishable in 

regarding to their morphological characters. 

Relationships: In regard to the shape of carapace and the characters of nodes 

and rib, this species resembles closely M. svinordensis Egorov from the Upper 

Devonian of Leningrad and Karlning regions of Russian platform. It differs there- 

from in. the relatively greater height of the anterior end, the nearly straight or 

slightly convex ventral margin and a pronounced depression or furrow in the front 

of the swelling portion of the female individual. 

Horizon and Locality: Common in the oolitic-hematitic limestone bed and rare 

in the thin-bedded limestone, Upper Devonian, Hsiehkingssu formation, Changyang 

district of Hupeh. Loc. No. (By 218, 230, 7). 


Subfamily Cavellininae Egorov 1950 

Genus Perimarginia Hou (gen. nov.) 

Genotype: Perimarginia tuberosa Hou (gen. et. sp. nov.) 

Diagnosis: Carapace median in size, elliptical or oval in lateral view, the large 

right valve overlapping the left all round the free margins. Surface of valves fur- 

rowed by a deep, long and inclined forward median sulcus; dorsal margin of the


right valve abruptly swollen just at the upper part of median sulcus, and with a 

groove within the dorsal border into which the simple edge of the left valve is 

received. Postero-dorsal margin nearly straight and sloped backward. Dorsal 

margin of the left valve nearly straight, ventral margin broad round, with the 

maximum overlap at the ventral and posterior margins. 

Shell consists of a thick outer and a thin inner layers, both layers combined 

together at the dorsal and ventral portions but the apace between the layers is 

rather wide at anterior and posterior portions. 

Carapace of female wide and short in the mature stage, with the greatest 

thickness at the middle of posterior to the end, swelling bend sloping abruptly 

downward. Carapace of male elongated oval, ends near equal, dorsal and ventral 

nearly parallel to each other or slightly convex; median sulcus more or less narrow, 

maximum thickness at center or slightly to the posterior portion. 

Surface ornamented by a number of tubercles, arranged uniformly throughout. 

Relationships: The general features of the new genus Perimarginia are similar 

to those of genus Marginia Polenova 1952 from the Devonian of Russian platform 

and the genera of the family Kloedenellidae. The genus Perimarginia has a 

characteristic overlap conspicuously from the ventral to the posterior of free margin, 

whereas in Marginia the maximum overlap is at the antero and postero-ends of the 

dorsal margin. The chief characteristic of the valve of the genus Perimarginia 

consists of the Outer and inner layers, this characteristic is unknown in the genus 

Marginia. 

Geological range: Upper Devonian, Hupeh Province. 

Perimarginia tuberosa Hou (sp. nov.) 

(Pl. 2, Figs. 1-24; Pl. 3, figs. 1, 4-8, 9-11) 

Description: Specimens consist of numerous male, female and immature forms. 

General outline sub-elliptical to elliptical in side view, wedge-shaped in dorsal view, 

maximum length lying in the mid-way between dorsal and ventral margins. Maximum 

height just conjunct line from the convex portion or dorsal margin to ventral. Maximum 

breadth in the posterior of valve. 

Dorsal margin convex, sloping from the sulcus toward the posterior end, to form a 

slightly accuminated posterior end. Ventral margin regular round, strongly incurved. 

Valvular overlap not very apparent; right valve, however, having a simple and incurved


from margin, which fits into the depression similarly placed on the left valve but 

the greatest overlap at ventral of both valves. 

Surface ornamented by a number of tubercles ranged irregularly and 

distinct on the anterior half portion, indistinct or absent on the posterior half. 

A large, long sulcus curved backward at its base, situated in the middle of the 

valve, a small node-like swelling on the side before the sulcus. 

Carapace of the female form short and wide, the greatest thickness at the 

middle of posterior to the posterior end and the maximum thickness at middle 

or near the middle of the valve. Carapace of the male long and narrow, 

elongate oval in side view; dorsal and ventral margins slightly convex; ends 

round about equal in height, or the anterior and more or less narrower than the 

posterior. Dorsal and ventral angles broadly rounded, mote or less equal. The 

right valve overlaps the left along the free margins, a depressed border is 

present along the margin of left, but absent on the dorsal margin. The 

maximum length is about the middle from dorsal to ventral, the maximum 

height is at about the middle from anterior to posterior end, and the greatest 

thickness is at the position from the middle of valve to posterior portion. 

In the immature form the sulcus is especially large and deep; in the female 

the postero-dorsal margin is straight and decline backward clearly, ventral 

margin near straight. The young stage is characterized by the right overlap the 

left along the free margins especially at the ventral, the margin over stretch the 

hinge line, which is straight and declined backward. A pit-shaped depression is 

inconspicuous. 

The valve are divided into two layers in the anterior and posterior ends. 

The outer layer is thicker than the inner one. 

Relationships: This species is relatad to Perijonesina sinensis, it can be 

easily distinguished from the latter by the large, deep, long and declined forward 

middle sulcus, by the dorsal margin which is convex just on the top of the sulcus, 

by the straight and slope backward postero-dorsal, and by the presence of the 

tubercles on the surface, the distribution of these tubercles is restricted only to 

the anterior portion of valve. 

Horizon and Localities: From the argillaceous yellowish thin bedded 

limestone of Hsiehkingssu formation, Upper Devonian, Changyang district of 

Hupeh. Loc. No. (By 7), 

Holotype: Cat. N. (7518).


Perimarginia ovata Hou (sp. nov.) 

(Pl. 3, Figs. 2-3, 12-20; Pl. 4, fig3. 1-10) 

Description: Carapace median size, outline elliptical in lateral view, truncated dorsally 

by straight hinge, length of hinge of the matuie forms about one-half the greatest length; 

anterior cardinal angle of adult round and mote larger than the posterior cardinal angle; 

antero- and postero-ventral angles inconspicuous. Both ends nearly equal in the immature 

stages but the posterior margin is more narrowly rounded than the anterior margin in the 

adult forms. Dorsal margin nearly straight or slightly convex curving unequally towards 

both ends. Ventral margin strongly convex curving subequally towards both ends. 

The right valve overlaps the left along the free margins, the greatest overlap at the 

ventral; there is a groove on the margin of left. Owing to the state of the preservation a 

great number of individuals are internal mould, the ridge structure is invisible in the right 

valve. 

Commissure line is not on same plane, forming a curved line at the ventral. Surface 

marked by a number of tubercles similar to the surface ornamentation of the type species 

of the genus, these tubercles arranged irregularly in order. The median sulcus is narrow, 

long and subvertical, lying just at the mid-length or slightly toward the anterior, and 

extending over or nearly halfway from dorsal to ventral margin. A pit falls into the ventral 

extremity of the sulcus, on each side of the sulcus is an indistinct node. The maximum 

length and height lies at about the midline ftom dorsal to ventral and from the anterior to 

posterior end. The greatest thickness lies at the ventral portion of the carapace. 

In immature and young forms, the dorsal margin is straight at the part about equal to 

one-half the length of valve. Ends nearly equal. Surface moderately convex. Median 

sulcus distinct. 

Relationships: As compared to P. tuberosa, P. ovata is a shorter and rounded species. 

The median sulcus of P. ovata is narrow and nearly vertical, the ventral margin is curved 

more or less arc-shaped and overlaps along all the free margins. 

Horizon and Locality: It was obtained from the argillaceous yellowish limestone of 

Hsiehkingssu formation, Upper Devonian, Changyang district, Hupeh. Loc. No. (By 7). 



Genus Perijonesina Hou (gen. nov.) 

Genotype: Perijonesina sinensis (gen. et sp. nov.) 

Diagnosis: Carapace truncated, elliptical in lateral view, hinge line straight; 

anterior cardinal angle well-defined, obtuse, and posterior cardinal angle 

broadly rounded. Dorsal margin nearly straight and ventral margin gently 

convex; ends rounded. A sharp, narrow median sulcus originating at the center 

extends from center to dorsal; it is nearly straight, sometimes an inconspicuous 

depression is situated in front of the median sulcus. Small pit present just 

below the median sulcus. The larger right valve overlaps the left along the 

dorsal and ventral margins; anterior of right valve with a thick flange besides 

the depressed margins. 

The shell is divided into two layers, the outer is thicker than the inner, both 

layers are separated one from the other from anterior to posterior and united at 

dorsal and ventral margins. The median sulcus and pit are covered by the inner 

layer and forming a smooth in reversed surface. 

The females are associated with males and young forms, with the females 

always more abundant than the others. The maximum thickness of the female 

is at the posterior portion, and the maximum thickness of the male is at the 

middle or slightly to the posterior. Surface smooth or ornamented by 

reticulations. 

Relationships: This new genus is similar to the Carboniferous genus 

Jonesina Ulrich et Bassler, emend. Egorov and the Devonian genus Knoxiella 

Egorov. It differs from the former in having overlap only in the dorsal and 

ventral margins, the dorsal cardinal angles are unqual with more angulated 

outline antero-dorsally. Nodes inconspicuous, sulcus short and flattened, 

smooth in reverse surface. It differs from the latter in having the thick flange at 

the outer part of depressed border; the ventral margin of the larger right valve 

curves outward distinctly and overlap the left only at the dorsal and the center 

of the venter. 


Perijonesina sinensis Hou (sp. nov.) 

(Pl. 4, figs. 11-19; Pl. 5, figs. l-29; Pl. 6, figs. 1-6) 

Description: Carapace in lateral view bean-shaped or elliptic. Outline 

formed by higher right valve. Dorsal margin nearly straight, it produces a


projection in the anterior end of the dorsal margin, and curves smoothly into 

the anterior Margin. The middle of the vential margin is moderately convex, and curved 

regularly into both ends; the posterior and anterior margins are rounded, curving mto the 

dorsal margin. 

The carapace of dorsal view is wedge-shaped in female individuals and fusiform in 

male. In females the anterior end is narrowly pointed and the posterior end is bluntly 

rounded, the maximum thickness at the posterior; the greatest think-ness of the male at the 

middle. 

The free margin of the valve is depressed forming a furrow, which begins from 

one-fourth of the anterior to posterior and around the valve to the posterior end of dorsal 

margin, but it is indistinct in the dorsal margin. The right valve is higher than the left, 

and overlaps it slightly in the dorsal and more strongly in the middle of the ventral 

margin. In young forms the end margins of one valve are directly in contact with the 

other valve and no overlap. 

The surface of the carapace is smooth, ornamented with a median sulcus the length of 

which is about one-half of the valve height. A pit is situated in the lower part of the 

sulcus; before the sulcus is a node and short depression. 

The shells in a number of specimens are divided into two layers especially in the 

mid-line from anterior to posterior. The inner layer is separated by a distance from the 

outer layer in both ends but it is united in the dorsal and ventral margins. The median 

sulcus and pit are covered by the inner layer in reverse direction. 

The young forms of this species occur with the mature forms. The median sulcus 

distinct and forming a shallow linear depression; the posterior is developed and its outline of 

dorsal view is wedge-shaped. The right valve overlaps the left conspicuously in the middle 

of ventral margin, and no overlap at the ends. These characters are indistinct in the early 

staga of young forms. 

Relationships: This species is characterized by its shape somewhat reminiscent of the 

C. hupehensis from the same bed. It differs from the latter in having the anterior depression 

lying before the median sulcus, a great convexity in the anterior end of dorsal margin and 

no overlap at the posterior end. 

Horizon and Localities: This species occurs abundantly together with C. hupehensis 

C. sinensis, Beyrichia mui etc., they were obtained from the oolitic-hematitic limestone 

bed of Hsiehkingssu formation, Upper Devonian, Changyang district of Hupeh. Loc. No. (By 

218). 



Genus Cavellina Coryell 1928 emend. Kellett 1935 

Cavellina hupehensis Hou (sp. nov.) 

(Pl. 6, figs. 7-25) 

Description: Carapace elongated sub-elliptical; dorsal margin of the right valve 

slightly convex or nearly straight; ventral margin more convex in the middle 

forming the greatest overlap on the left valve. Both dorsal and ventral margins of 

left valve are nearly parallel to each other, marginal furrow or marginal depression 

present besides the free margins of left valve except the hinge margin. Ends 

rounded with the anterior more narrower than posterior. Right valve a little large 

and more wider than the left; the larger valve overlaps the small conspicuously on 

the ventral middle, slighlly on the dorsal and setting down on the posterior 

marginal depression and is contact direct at the anterior portion at about one-fourth 

of the valve length by the anterior marginal depressional zone of both valve; that is 

there is no overlap at the anterior. 

Surface smooth or marked by reticulations. The ornament is not clearly shown 

owing to the state of preservation. The greatest height and length are at the median 

line. A wide, shallow median sulcus is clearly visible at the middle dorsal; a dis- 

tinct pit falling in the sulcus. 

Carapace of the females in dorsal view is wedge-shaped. Maximum thickness 

is clearly in the posterior. The outline of males is narrow and fusiform with the 

maximum thickness approximately at the middle of the length. 

Young forms are abundant in our material. Many of them have the ap- 

pearance of females, swelling posteriorly; median sulcus and pit indistinct. 

Relationships: This species can be easily distinguished from Cavellina 

devoniana Egorov by the broad shallow sulcus, instead of the smooth surface, and 

the flange margin is present in the latter species. 

Horizon and Localities: It was collected from the oolitic-hematitic limestone 

of Hsiehkingssu formation, Upper Devonian, Changyang district of Hupeh. Loc. 

N. (By 218). 


Cavellina latiovata Hou (sp. nov.) 

(Pl. 9, figs. 1-8) 

Description: Carapace moderately sized, subtriangular to broad ovate, dorsal


and ventral margins slightly convex or nearly straight, it is depressed at about 

the middle of dorsal margin. Posterior end more rounded than anterior. Both 

cardinal angles obtuse, compressed anteriorly; posterior expanded and swollen. 

The greatest height and thickness are just in the middle of posterior; the 

maximum length is the distance of posterior to anterior apex. Surface smooth 

and marked by a sub-median depression, which begins from the dorsal to the 

middle of valves. It is cuneiform in the ventral or dorsal view. The sub-median 

depression of female specimens are more clearly shown than that of the male, 

and is comparatively clear at the central than at its two ends. It forms a faint 

ridge on each side of the depression. The ends of female are nearly equal, the 

greatest thickness of the valves are at the posterior part near the margin; but in 

male specimens, the maximum height and thickness are at the middle part of 

the posterior. The end margins are quite regularly curved forming the expanded, 

rounded posterior end and narrow anterior. Surface of male decorated by a faint 

depression, which is situated anteriorly at about one-third of the valve length. 

Relationships: This species can be distinguished from the Upper Devonian 

species Cavellina uchtensis of Russian platform by the large size, the smooth 

surface, and the nearly symmetrical dorsal and ventral margins. The short and 

very shallow depression in the antero-dorsal portion is also a characteristic 

feature of this species. 

Horizon and Locality: Hsiehkingssu formation of Upper Devonian, 

localities By 230 and By 7 common; locality By 218 rare. 


Cavellina sinensis Hou (sp. nov.) 

(Pl. 7, figs. 2-8, 16-27) 

Description: Carapace elliptical or ovate in lateral view, a V-shaped median 

sulcus conspicuous, commissure line curved. In dorsal view, the carapaca is 

nearly wedge-shaped in mature specimen of female, sub-fusiform in the young 

and masculine individuals; dorsal margin more convex and ventral margin nearly 

straight or slightly convex, anterior end a little more blunter than the posterior, 

greatest thickness below the middle and behind the median sulcus. The larger 

right valve overlaps the left along the free margins, which is strong at the 

ventral and dorsal margins, the anterior and posterior margins of right valve 

seem to overlap slightly upon the left one, but the details are not clear in the 

material studied.


Surface of valves smooth; moderately convex, a V-shaped sulcus is situated 

slightly behind the middle of the valve; the length of the sulcus is from one-half to 

two thirds the height of shell; the position of muscular scar seems to be fallen at 

the base of the V-shaped sulcus. The male and female specimens have two de- 

pressions, one in front of, and the other behind the median sulcus, i. g. at the 

antero- and postero-ventral portions; the latter depression is clearly present on the 

external surface of female valves which are perhaps corresponding to the position 

of the partition in the interior of the valve; the greatest thickness of female in- 

dividual is at the posterior part. There is a shallow postero -ventral depression in 

the male and its maximum thickness is at the one-third part of the valve from 

posterior to anterior. 

Relationships: The external characters of this form is related to Lower Per- 

mian spedes C. Maanshanensis. It differs from that form in having more high and 

slightly convex valves and a V-shaped distinct sulcus. The muscular scar falls at 

the base of the V-shaped sulcus. The commissure line is curved at the dorsal. 

Horizon and Localities: From Hsiehkingssu formation of Upper Devonian, 

Changyang district of Hupeh. Loc. N. (By 7, 218). 


Subfamily Lichiminae Posner (in litt.) 

Genus Knoxiella Egorov 1950 

Knoxiella? sp. nov. 

(Pl. 7, figs. 1, 9-15) 

Description: Carapace moderately sized, subovate in outline; hinge line and 

dorsal margin nearly straight but declined backward, or slightly convex; posterior 

outline much more uniformly rounded; anterior outline broadly rounded 

antero-ventrally, becoming more angular antero-dorsally at about right angle. 

Convex venter meets the anterior and posterior outlines with unequally rounded 

curvatures; the hinge line is sub-parallel to the venter, the antero-dorsal margin is 

nearly parallel to the postero-ventral. Surface smooth, strongly convex, the 

maximum thickness at the middle of ventral to posterior portion; the maximum 

length is near the midline from dorsal to ventral. A faint short depression is situated 

at the anterior portion and extends to the dorsal margin. Overlap and hingement 

unknown. 

Many young forms are present in the material, they belong possibly to this 

species. The young forms are oval in lateral view, with a small distinct pit at or


near the dorsal of anterior portion; ends rounded, anterior end more narrower and 

thicker than the other end. The commissure line at about the same plane. 

Relationships: This species resembles the Upper Devonian species Knoxiella 

variabillis (Gleb. et Zasp., in litt.) in external characters, but differs from it in 

having only one sulcus near the antero-dorsal portion; the antero-dorsal angle is 

about 90 degrees and angulated, the postero-dorsal angle is rounded. 


Changyang district of Hupeh. Loc. N. (By 7, By 218). 

Syntypes: Cat. N. (7627, 7631). 

Superfamily Cypridacea 

Family Bairdiidae Sars 1887 

Genus Bairdia McCoy 1844 

Bairdia sp. 

(Pl. 9, figs. 9-10). 

Description: Carapace small in size, dorsum rounded, venter almost straight 

or slightly incurved; antero-dorsal nearly straight and slopes to the end; postero- 

dorsal gently curved and longer than antero-dorsal. The left valve overlaps the 

right around the entire margin, including the hinge; posterior projection long and 

low, the greatest height lies before the center. The specimen is an internal mould, 

other character unknown. 

Horizon and Locality: From Hsiehkingssu formation of Upper Devonian, 

Changyang district of Hupeh. Loc. N. (By 218). 


Family incertae 

Genus Hupehella Hou (gen. nov.) 

Genotype: Hupehella lunata Hou (gen. et sp. nov.) 

Diagnosis: Carapace small to moderate size, thick, subovate in outline, hinge 

straight or inclined toward the anterior; cardinal angles obtuse and well defined. 

Globose swelling in dorsal margin above the hinge line. Ends narrow, rounded, 

ventral swollen; broad flange along free margin extending to mid-height of each 

end, more or less concave at the ventral. Distinct sockets on the extremities of 

hinge line of left valve and a slit-like furrow between the sockets; no structures are


observed in the right valve. Surface of valve smooth or reticulated. 


Hupehella lunata Hou (sp. nov.) 

(Pl. 8, figs. 16-21) 

Description: Carapace of the large size, subtriangular to subovate in lateral 

view, moderately convex; hinge straight or declined toward the anterior, dorsal 

margin strongly convex far above the hinge line, ventral margin bending broadly 

upward to both ends. Both ends rounded but narrow; dorsal and ventral portions 

swollen, more or less convex than the middle of the shell. A broad, thick flange 

along the free margin extending to mid-height of each end, more or less concave at 

the venter. Socket distinct, sub-rounded on the extremities of hinge line of the left 

valve, forming a slit-like furrow between the two sockets; right valve ill-preserved, 

with a broad indistinct flange. 

Surface not marked by sulcus and pit, but with uneven convexity, the conve- 

xity of the dorsal and ventral portions are more conspicuous in the young forms 

than m the mature. 

The length of large form is 1.35 mm, height is 0.9 mm; the small length is 

about 0. 6 mm, height is 0. 45 mm. 

Horizon and Localities: From the Hsiehkingssu formation of Upper Devonian, 


Syntypes: Cat. N. (7659, 7662-63). 

Genus Trinota (gen. nov.) 

Genotype: Trinota costata Hou (gen. et sp. nov.) 

Diagnosis: Carapace oval, elongated in lateral view; ends obtuse, rounded, 

dorsum and venter almost straight or slightly concave. Carapace ornamented by 

three nodes and a ventral ridge; one conspicuous node just above the median pit, 

another two nodes before and behind it. The ridge is located below the median pit 

near the center of the shell. 

Surface finely reticulate. Free margin rounded by a ridge or by a thick flange 

from antero-dorsal to postero-dorsal, and reversed by furrow. The characters of 

both valves are similar. The overlap and hingement unknown. 

A relationship between Trinota and the Upper Devonian genus Mennerites


Egorov from Russia is indicated by their lateral outline, ventral ridge and con- 

spicuous pit. The genus Trinota are, however, trilobed at or near the dorsum, 

and this genus is further differentiated by the absence of the postero-dorsal spine 

in the immature stage; that is a thick flange in the left and right valves along 

the free margins. 


Trinota costata Hou (sp. nov.) 

(Pl. 8, figs. 22-26) 

Description: Carapace elongate, oval in side view, dorsum and venter nearly 

straight or slightly concave, with the latter sometimes more concave. Ends rounded, 

with the anterior end only very slightly higher. Cardinal and ventral angles all 

rounded. Dorsal view of carapace elongated with almost flattened outline. This 

species is characterized by a thick ventral flange extending to about the 

antero-and postero-dorsal margins, and reversed by furrow. 

Surface marked by nodes and pits, with conspicuous pit at or near the center, 

and a median node above the pit. Another one just before it and a third behind it. 

Sometimes the latter one is inconspicuous. An elongated ventral node or a ventral 

ridge is developed just below the median pit. Surface finely reticulate. The 

overlap and hingement are unknown. 

Relationships: This species is closely allied to the genus Mennerites Egorov 

1950 in the external sculpture, but differs from that form in having three nodes 

arranged in a straight line in the dorsal portion; a thick rounded flange is present 

on the left and right valves along the free margins instead of the left margin 

falling into the furrow of the right valve as in Mennerites. 

Horizon and Locality: It was obtained from Upper Devonian, Changyang 

district of Hupeh. Loc. N. (By 7). 


Genus Bernix Jones 1884 

Bernix? sp. 

(Pl. 8, figs, 27-37) 

Description: Carapace subelliptical or subovate in outline, median sized. Hinge 

line short and straight, ends rounded with the posterior more evenly rounded; 

ventral margin convex. Dorsal and ventral angles obtuse. The greatest height lies


just behind the vertical median line. Thickest portion of carapace on the ventral 

portion with the most gentle slopes toward the dorsal. Surface rather strongly convex, 

with a rather short sulcus near the dorso-central part and an oval pit of muscular 

scar in the lower end of the sulcus. One node on each side of the sulcus, the 

anterior one is small and rounded, the another is swollen and corresponding to the 

posterior convexity. In the internal mould, some irregular radial line occur from 

the lower end of the sulcus (indistinctly shown in the figures). 

Remarks: This genus was only known in the Carboniferous of Northumber- 

land of England; the discovery of it in the Upper Devonian of W. Hupeh implies 

that the genus under consideration has appeared in a much earlier period in 

China. 



Syntypes: Cat. N. (7675-78). 


(Pl. 1, figs. 18-20) 

Description: Carapace truncated, ovate, or suboviform, longer rather high in 

lateral view; median in size, with moderately convex valve. Dorsum straight meet- 

ing the anterior margin at an angle larger than 90 degrees. Posterior broadly 

rounded, anterior narrow. A hemispherical node is located in the dorsal-central but 

slightly near posterior, with the valve depressed along the anterior of its base. 

The larger right valve overlaps the left along the free margin. The measure- 

ment of specimens, one is 1.4 mm in length, 0.98 mm in height, the other is length 

1.2 mm, height is 0.83 mm. Surface ornamented by numerous punctae, which are 

conspicuous in the anterior but faint in the posterior and arranged irregularly. 

The specimens under studying occur in the thin-bedded limestone and yellow- 

ish clayey limestone occasionally intercalated with shales, they occur as partially 

exfoliated specimens or as molds. 

Horizon and Localities: From the thin bedded limestone of the Upper Devonian, 

Changyang district of Hupeh. Loc. N. (By 7, By 230). 

Cat. N. (7680-81). 


(Pl. 1, figs. 1-9, 13) 

Description: Carapace small, subovate, hinge straight; slightly shorter than the


total length of the valve. Surface smooth, ornamented by two node-like swellings. 

Posterior swelling rounded, distinct and somewhat over hanging the hinge line; 

anterior one inconspicuous. Right valve overlapped the left completely along 

the free margins from end to end, with the greatest overlap at the ventral, but 

narrowing regularly toward the cardinal extremities. Pit or depression shallow 

and narrow, situated at the middle of the dorsal portion. Carapace moderately 

convex. Maximum length and height at the middle of valve. 

With regard to the external structure of this shell, this form is related to 

both the genus Sansabella Roundy and Lepertditella Ulrich but distinguished 

from them by its comparatively larger right valve and smaller size of the 

carapace. A de-finite generic determination cannot be made until more complete 

material is available. 

Horizon and Localities: It was obtained from the Upper Devonian Hsiehking- 

ssu formation, Changyang district of Hupeh. Loc. N. (By 7, By 230, By 218). 

Cat. N. (7470-79).


1—9,13 Gen. et sp. B (indet.) 

圖版說明 

部分的圖略加潤飾 

图版 I 

(版內各图均放大 28 倍) 

1,3. 右殼。標本号:(154a),(154b)。登記号:(7470—71)。 

2,4.左殼。標本号:(156a),(156c)。登記号:(7472—73)。 

5. 幼蟲。標本号:(033)。登記号:(7474)。 

6. 左殼。圖示右殼包圍左殼的情形。標本号:(157)。登記号:(7475)。 

7. 左殼。標本号:(156d)。登記号:(7476)。 

8. 右殼的反面。標本号:(156e)。登記号:(7477)。 

9. 背视。圖示直的背边,無叠覆現象。標本号:(155)。登記号:(7478)。 

13.腹视。圖示右殼叠覆左殼。标本号:(156f)。登記号:(7479)。 

產地:向家蹬(By 7)及双栗樹下(By 230)。 

10—12,14—17 Primitia quadrata sp.n. 

10. 左殼。網狀裝飾清楚。(paratype)。標本号:(118’b)。登記号;(7480) 

11. 小個体的右殼。標本号:(118’a)。登記号:(7481)。 

12,14.不同個体的背视及腹视。12 為背视。標本号:(118 右 a)。登記号:(7482);14 為腹视。 

標本号:(118 左 a)。登記号:(7483)。 

15—17. 同一個体的侧视,背视及腹视.(Holotype)。標本号:(121)。登記号:(7484)。 

產地:向家磴(By 7)。 

18—20 Gen.et sp. A (indet.) 

18—19. 不同個体的右殼。标本号:(153 左 a),(127b)。登記号:(7680)。 

20. 左殼。標本号:(127a)。登記号:(7681)。 


21—25 Beyrichia mui sp. n. 

21,22.左殼。21 為(paratype)。標本号:(058a),(058b)。登記号;(7486—87)。 

23,24. 右殼。背部及腹部的刺狀突起顯明。23 標本号:(062b)。登記号:(7488);24 為(Holotype)。 

标本号:(062a)。登記号:(7489)。 

25. 左殼。体較大,刺狀突起未保存。標本号:(052)。登記号:(7490)。 

產地:向家磴(By 7)及白岩槽(By 218)。 

26—30 Mennerella? sp. 

26,28—29.不同個体的左殼。殼面上具放射狀条紋。圖 28 為(Holotype)。标本号:(023)。26, 

29 標本号:(O21b),(021a)。登記号:(7491—93)。 

27.大個体的右殼。Paratype。標本号:(022a)。登記号:(7494)。 

30. 另一個体的腹视。右殼叠覆左殼。不顯著。標本号:(022b)。登記号:(7495)。 

产地:白岩槽(By 218)。


图版 II 

(各图均放大 28 倍) 

1—24 Perimarginia tuberosa gen. et sp.n. 

1—3,6—7.背视。标本為內模。图 1,2 為陽性個体,疣狀突起清晰。圖 3 示右殼的背边清晰 

的叠覆在左毅上。7 為陽性個体。標本号:(110b),(107 右 b),(102b),(099 左 b),(107 

右 a)。登記号:(7496—7500)。 

4—5,8—10.陰性個体腹视。图 8—10 示右殼腹边及後边叠覆左殼。图 4 及图 5 示自由边緣外 

的凹陷边,及前边缘彎曲的情形。标本号:(102g),(102c),(107 右 d),(110a),(102e)。 

登記号:(7501—7505)。 

11—14.幼蟲個体的背视及腹视。11 為腹视。12 为背视。標本号:(099b),(097a),(098 左 e), 

(098 左 f)。登記号:(7506—09)。 

15.幼蟲個体的右殼。標本号:(098 左 b)。登記号:(7510)。 

16—17.幼蟲個体左右兩殼的反面。示自由边缘的輪廓。标本号;(098 左 c),(098 左 d)。登記 

号:(7511—12)。 

18.陰性未成年個体的左殼。標本号:(099 左 c),登記号:(7513)。 

19,23.陰性未成年個体的右殼。標本号:(099 左 f),(099 左 a)。登記号:(7514—15)。 

20,24.陰性成年個体的左殼被右殼叠覆。20 為 Paratype ♀。标本号:(111),(102a)。登記 

号:(7516—17)。 

21,22.陽性個体的左殼。疣狀突起顯露於殼之前端。21 為 Holotype ♂。标本号:(108 左), 

(107 左 g)。登記号:(7518—19)。 


圖版 III 

(备圖均放大 28 倍) 

1,4—7,9—11 Perimarginia tuberosa sp. n. 

均為右殼。圖示中槽上端背边凸起甚高。標本号:(107 左 f),(099 右 b),(099 右 a),(107 

左 e),(102i),(102h),(099 右 d),(099 右 c)。登記号:(7520—27)。 


8.?Perimarginia tuberosa sp.n. 

此個体甚大,右殼,中槽底部粒痕深而清晰。标本号:(158)。登記号:(7528)。 

產地:双栗树(By 230) 

2—3,12—15,17—20 Perimarginia ovata sp.n. 

2—3,13—15.幼蟲個体側視。標本号:(086 右 c),(086 右 b),(088a),(086e),(088 右 b)。 

登記号:(7529—33)。 

12,17—19.未成年個体的右殼。疣狀突起清晰。標本号:(107 左 c),(088 右 c),(088 右 e), 

(088 左 a)。登記号:(7534—37)。 

20.為圖版Ⅳ,圖 5 的左殼。疣狀突起明顯。標本号:(087)。 


16.?Perimarginia ovuta sp.n. 

左殼?,疣狀突超清晰,沿殻之近边缘圍绕一排整齊的疣狀突起。僅發現此一個体。标本号: 

(107 左 a)。登記号:(7539)。 

產地:同前。


1—10 Perimarginia ovata sp. n. 

圖版 IV 


1—5.不同个体的右殼。图 5 為(Holotype)。標本号:(089 左 d),(089 左 a),(088 右 i),(088 

右 k),(087)。登记号:(7540—44)。 

6,8. 腹视。腹边中間叠覆最多。标本号:(089 左 c),(089 右 a)。登記号:(7545—46)。 

9,10. 右殼的反面。圖示中槽在殼的反面呈隆脊。标本号:(088 右 f),(088 右 l)。登記号: 

(7547—48)。 


11—19 Perijonesina sinensis gen. et sp. n. 

11—12 右殼的反面。殼分內外兩層。中槽所在处較平滑無顯著的隆脊。标本号:(011a),(01 

右 b)。登記号:(7549,7538)。 

13—19. 左殼。標本号:(09 左 a),(09 左 b),(05 左 a),(012 左 b),(01 左 a),(05 左 b), 

(05 左 c)。登記号:(7550—56)。 

產地:白岩槽(By 218) 

图版 V 

(各圖均放大 28 倍) 

1—29 Perijonesina sinensis gen. et sp. n. 

1—24.由幼蟲生長到成蟲。1—9 為幼蟲,1,左殼,2,5,6 背视;3,4 腹视;7,9 右殼,側 

视,8 左殼。标本号:(03c),(03d),(03a),(02d),(02f),(02b),(02a),(02c),(02e)。 

登記号:(7557—65)。 

10,19 未成年個体,右殼腹边叠覆在左殼之上。19 為(Paratype)。標本号:(08 左 a),(08 

右 c)。登記号:(7566—67)。 

11,18 未成年個体的背视。18 為(Paratype)。标本号:(08 左 b),(08 右 d)。登記号: 

(7568—69)。 

12—17,21—24 未成年個体到成年的個体,右殼生長情况。圖 21—24 前端凹陷边及凸边缘 

顯著,23 為(Holotype)。標本号:(09 左 e),(09 左 c),(09 左 g),(09 左 f),(09 左 d), 

(09 左 h)。(012 右 a),(05 右 e),(05 右 d),(04a)。登記号;(7570—79)。 

25,29.左殼,背视。標本号:(012 左 c),(01 左 b)。登記号:(7580—81)。 

26.右殼?,背视。標本号:(010b)。登記号:(7582)。 

20,27—28.右殼腹视,圖示彎曲的自由边缘。標本号:(01 右 c),(012 右 b),(012 右 c)。登 

記号:(7583—85)。 

產地:白岩槽(By 218)。


圖版 VI 

(各圖均放大 28 倍) 

1—6 Perijonesina sinensis Gen. et sp.n. 

1—4. 不同个体的右殼。前端凸起顯明。標本号:(05 右 b),(05 右 a),(010a),(01 右 a)。 

登記号:(7586—89)。 

5—6. 右殼的反面。标本号:(014b),(014c)。登記号:(7590—91)。 

產地:白岩槽(By218)。 

7—25 Cavellina hupehensis sp. n. 

8—14,20—24. 幼年生長到成年。8 陰性未成年個体,左殼。(Holotype)。標本号:(036b)。 

登記号:(7592)。 

9,11 未成年個体的左殼。標本号:(035a),(034b)。登記号:(7593—94)。 

10 陽性未成年個体的左殼。標本号:(036a)。登記号:(7595)。 

12—14 幼蟲侧视。標本号:(024b),(024a),(033a)。登記号:(7596—98)。 

20—21 未成年個体的右殼。標本号:(034a),(035b)。登記号:(7599—7600)。 

22—24 成年個体的左殼破右殼叠覆。(Paratype)。標本号:(032b),(032a),(037b)。登 

記号:(7601—03)。 

15—16,18—19.幼蟲及不同個体的背视。標本号:(033c),(034e),(035c),(034d)。登記号: 

(7604—07)。 

7,17,25.幼蟲及不同個体的腹視。标本号:(035d),(034f),(033b)。登記号:(7608—10)。 

產地:同前。 

1.9—15 Knoxiella? sp. 

圖版 VII 

1. 右殼的反面。(Syntype)。標本号:(139 左 a)。登記号:(7627)。 

9—10,14—15.幼蟲。9 腹视。10 背视。14—15 同一個体的右,左兩殼,小粒痕顯明。標本号: 

(136 右 a),(136 左 a),(137)。登記号:(7628—30)。 

11.右殼腹视。(Syntype)。標本号:(139 右 a)。登記号:(7631)。 

12—13.不同個体的右殼。凹陷不顯著。標本号:(139 右 b),(138)。登記号:(7632—33)。 

產地:白岩槽(By 218) 

2—8,16—27 Cavellina sinensis sp.n. 

2—8,18—20.幼年到成年各個体的右殼。標本号:(070a),(071a),(070b),(070c),(070f), 

(070d),(070e)。登記号:(7634—40)。 

16,24.不同個体的背视。图示背边叠覆情形。標本号:(069’b),(074)。登記号:(7641—42)。 

21—23,26—27.未成年個体及成年個体的左殼。標本号:(071d),(071e),(071f),(072), 

(071g)。登記号:(7643—47)。 

17.腹视。標本号:(069’a)。登記号:(7648)。 

25.右殼。(Holotype)。標本号:(068)。登記号:(7649)。 

產地:同前。


圖版 VIII 


1—15 Mennerites hupehensis sp.n. 

1—3,10,13.陽性個体的右殼。疣及腹部隆脊清晰。图 10 前凸边顯明。(Paratype)。標本号: 

(042),(042’a),(042’b),(039a),(045b)。登記号:(7650—52),(7693—94)。 

4,11.不同個体的左殼 ;4 陽性個体 ,11 陰性个体。標本号:(044),(039b)。登記号:(7653—54)。 

5—8.同一個体,陽性。5 左殼,8 右殼,6 腹视,7 背视。(Holotype)。標本号:(043)。登記 

号:(7655)。 

9,12.背视。9 陰性,12 陽性。標本号:(041),(045a)。登記号:(7656—57)。 

14,15.同一個体的背视及腹視。陰性。(Paratype)。標本号:(046b)。登記号:(7658)。 

產地:向家磴(By 7)及白岩槽(By 218)。 

16—21 Hupehella lunata Gen.et sp.n. 

16—18.幼年個体的左殼。图 16 有顯明的凸边。(Syntype)。标本号:(117 右 b),(115a),(115b)。 

登記号:(7659—61)。 

19,20.幼蟲個体的反面。图示鉸合綫及鉸窩。(Syntypes)。标本号:(115d),(117 右 e)。登 

記号:(7662—63)。 

21.成年個体的左殼(?)。標本号:(116)。登記号:(7664)。 

產地:同前。 

22—26 Trinota costata Gen. et sp.n. 

22.幼年個体,右殼的反面。标本号:(126 左 a)。登記号:(7665) 

23—26.成年個体的左殼,23 为(Holotype)。标本号:(126 右 j),(126 右 a),(126 右 h),(126 

右 b)。登記号:(7666—69)。 


27—37 Bernix? sp. 

27,31—32.未成年个体的右殻。標本号:(04b),(05 右 c),(04c)。登記号:(7670—72)。 

28,34.不同个体的右殼。殼之边缘破碎。标本号:(150),(151)。登記号:(7673—74)。 

29—30,33.未成年及成年個体的右殼,放射紋明顯。(Syntypes)。標本号:(06c),(06b),(06a)。 

登記号:(7675—77)。 

35—36.同一个体的腹视及背視。(Syntype)。标本号:(149)。登記号:(7678)。 

37.右殼的反面,放射紋清楚。登記号:(7679)。 

產地:双栗樹(By 230)及白岩槽(By 218)。 

圖版 IX 

1—8 Cavellina latiovata sp.n 

(放大 28 倍) 

1— 2 同一个体的右殼及左殼。(Holotype)。標本号:(130 左)。登記号:(7611)。 

3—4,6—7.不同個体的右殼。標本号 :(141),(144 左 a),(152b),(152c)。登記号:(7612—15)。 

5,8.右殼的反面,圖示边缘弯曲的情形。标本号:(143),(144 右 a)。登記号:(7616—17)。 

產地:向家磴(By 7),双栗樹(By 230)及白岩槽(By 218)。 

9—10 Bairdia sp. 

(放大 28 倍) 

9.右殼,側视,10.左殼,側視。(Holotype)。標本号:(134)。登記号:(7618)。 

產地:白岩槽(By 218)。 

11,12.示 Beyrichia 及 Cavellina 等化石,密集在岩石上。放大 5 倍。 

產地:向家磴(By 7)及双栗樹(By 230)。

湖北西部上泥盆紀介形類化石*

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