ephedroids from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation in Liaoning ...

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258 C. Rydin et al.: Cretaceous ephedroids from China Table 3. Fossils with affinity to Ephedra Reference Location Age Description Comments Plant with an ephedroid habit, but is interpreted as having alternate branching, which is otherwise unknown in the Reproductive shoot Dalazi Formation, China Early Cretaceous Alloephedra xingxuei (Tao and Yang 2003) Gnetales. Reproductive Ephedroid plant similar to shoot Liaoxia, but appears to have longer or distinctly pointed cone bracts. Reproductive Well-preserved Ephedra-fossil, shoot with vegetative and reproductive parts in connection. The large ‘‘mature’’ cone is detached and could potentially belong to another species. Coalified seeds Well-preserved Ephedra seeds with anatomical details and in situ pollen. Coalified seeds Well-preserved Ephedra seeds with anatomical details and in situ pollen. Coalified seeds Well-preserved ephedroid seeds with anatomical details and in situ pollen. Reproductive The material belongs to two se- shoots parate species, previously described as Liaoxia chenii and Eragrosites changii (Cao et al. 1998). Reproductive Similar to the ‘‘potamogeton-like shoot spikes’’ from Manlej (Krassilov 1982). No leaves or nodes preserved. Cone (spike) with bracts at ‘‘nodes’’, separated by ‘‘internodes’’. Manlaj, Mongolia Early Cretaceous ‘‘Cyperacites sp.’’ plate 20, figs. 240–243 (Krassilov 1982) Yixian Formation, China Early Cretaceous Ephedra archaeorhytidosperma (Yang et al. 2005) Early Cretaceous Potomac Group, North America Ephedra drewriensis (Rydin et al. 2006) Buarcos, Portugal Early Cretaceous Ephedra portugallica (Rydin et al. 2006) Buarcos, Portugal Early Cretaceous Ephedrispermum lucitanicum (Rydin et al. 2006) Yixian Formation, China Early Cretaceous Ephedrites chenii (Guo and Wu 2000). (Synonym of Liaoxia chenii Cao et al., 1998) Ephedrites? elegans (Sun et al. 2001) Yixian Formation, China Early Cretaceous
C. Rydin et al.: Cretaceous ephedroids from China 259 Plants with affinity to Ephedra, no reproductive details pre- Reproductive shoot fragments Xiaomeigou Formation, China Early Jurassic Ephedrites sinensis and E. exhibens (Wu et al. 1986) served. Plant with affinity to Ephedra, initially described as an angiosperm. Leaves absent. Initially thought to be an angiosperm, later described as Phyllotheca wonthaggiensis (Sphenopsida) (Drinnan and Chambers 1986). Suggested to be ephedroid by Krassilov et al (1998). Very similar to extant Ephedra, but no anatomical details or in situ pollen. Initially described as an angiosperm. Cones (spikes) with bracts at ‘‘nodes’’, separated by ‘‘internodes’’, similar to Ephedrites? elegans. The material indicates that ephedroid plants were present in north-western Gondwana. Reproductive shoot Eragrosites changii (Cao et al. 1998) Yixian Formation, China Early Cretaceous Vegetative shoot fragments Koonwarra Bed, Australia Early Cretaceous Leongathia elegans (Krassilov et al. 1998) Reproductive shoot Liaoxia chenii (Cao et al. 1998) Yixian Formation, China Early Cretaceous Reproductive ‘‘spike’’ Manlaj, Mongolia Early Cretaceous ‘‘Potamogeton-like spike’’ (Krassilov 1982) Reproductive shoots Early Cretaceous Crato Formation, South America Undescribed fossils (see e.g. Mohr et al. 2004)
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ephedroids from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation in Liaoning ...

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