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316 IL PRINCIPE.<br />

a lor medesimi. Di nuovo concludo, che un principe debbe<br />

stimare i grandi, ma non si far odiare dal popolo. Parrebbe<br />

forse a molti che, considerata la vita e morte di molti imperatori<br />

romani, fossero esempi contrari a questa mia opimone,<br />

._trovando alcuno esser vissuto sempre egregi<strong>amen</strong>te, e<br />

mostro gran virtu d' animo, nondimeno aver perso 1'imperio,<br />

ovvero essere stato morto da' suoi, che gli hanno congiurato<br />

contro. Volendo adunque rispondere a queste obiezioni,<br />

discorrer6 le qualit_t di alcuni imperatori, mostrando le ca-<br />

,o gioni della lot rovina, non disformi da quello che da me si<br />

addutto; e parte metter6 in considerazione quelle cose<br />

che sono notabili a chi legge le azioni di quelli tempi. E<br />

voglio mi basti pigliare tutti quelli imperatori che succederono<br />

nell' imperio da Marco filosofo a Massimino, i quali<br />

_5 furono Marco, Commodo suo figliuolo, Pertinace, Giuliano,<br />

Severo, Antonino Caracalla suo figliuolo, Macrino, Elio-<br />

gabalo, Alessandro e Massimino. Ed 6 prima da notate,<br />

che dove negli altri principati si ha solo a contendere con<br />

3. imperatori romani] Further discussions of the conduct of the<br />

Roman Emperors may be found in Dmcorsi, i. ch. x and xxix.<br />

14. da :_areo filosofo a "M'assimino] i.e. from A. D. I6I to a. D.238.<br />

The whole of the following narrative, except the introductory<br />

portion, is based upon Herodian, and sometimes Machiavelli hardly<br />

does more than translate. In the following pages, as Herodian is an<br />

author but little read now, all the quotations are given in full, at the<br />

risk of being somewhat prolix; I have however preferred to cite<br />

Poliziano's Latin version rather than the Greek original, as it is<br />

nearly certain Machiavelli used it. Polimano's translation was<br />

published in i493, without the Greek text [see the ode ' Herodianus<br />

in laudem traductoris sui' among the Latin works of Poliziano,<br />

Barb6ra, Firenze, i857, p. 264], while the Greek text was not printed<br />

till i5o3, when it appeared m a volume including sel<strong>ec</strong>tions from<br />

Xenophon, Diodorus and Plutarch, published at Venice, and uniform<br />

with the ed. princeps of Thucydides, published in the same year.<br />

During the ten years which elapsed between the publication of the<br />

Latin translation and the original, we may fairly assume that<br />

Machiavelli might b<strong>ec</strong>ome familiar with the former, and even if he<br />

could read Greek, it is not probable that he would go out of his way<br />

to avoid the standard Latin version.

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