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25e IL PRINCIPE.<br />

della Chiesa, che gli sbigottisce; 1'altra, il non avere loro<br />

cardinali, i quali sono origine di tumulti infra loro, n6 mai<br />

staranno quiete queste parti qualunque volta abbino cardinali,<br />

perch6 questi nutriscono in Roma e fuori le patti,<br />

5 e qnelli baroni sono forzati a difenderle ; e cosi dall'ambizione<br />

de' prelati nascono le discordie e tumulti infra baroni.<br />

Ha trovato adunque la santit_ di papa Leone questo pontificato<br />

potentissimo, il quale si spera che, se quelli lo f<strong>ec</strong>ero<br />

grande con 1'armi, questo con la bont_, ed infinite altre sue<br />

ro virt/_ lo far/t grandissimo e venerando.<br />

CAPITOLO DUODECIMO.<br />

QUANTE SIANO LE SPECIE DELLA MILIZlA E DE'<br />

SOLDATI MERCENARI,<br />

AVENDO discorso particolarmente tutte le qualit_ di<br />

i5 quelli principati de' quali nel principio proposi di ragionare,<br />

I. il non avere loro cardinal_i, &c.] The wisdom of the remark is<br />

esp<strong>ec</strong>ially noted by Ranke.<br />

9. la bont_,] The one word which was constantly applied with<br />

singular unanimity to descmbe the character of Leo X. Guiccardini<br />

relates that Ferdinand of Aragon rejoiced at the el<strong>ec</strong>tion, ' dicendo che<br />

•. era stata eletta una persona di tanta virth e bontg_,che li pareva suto<br />

pitt tosto opera di Dio' [Leg. di Spagna, Op. Ined. vi. z9x]. So also<br />

Vettori, Sommario, &c., p. 3o4 : 'Vedendosi che fl papa rompeva i<br />

giur<strong>amen</strong>ti, e faceva oggi una costituzione e domani vi derogava,<br />

comincib a perdere il nome di buono:<br />

Ch. XII.] This chapter, which together with the two following<br />

forms the s<strong>ec</strong>ond part of the work, deals with the military question.<br />

It contains a number of short, emphatic statements which were afterwards<br />

expanded and reasoned out at length in the Arte della Guerra.<br />

Its conciseness makes it more bitter than perhaps any other part<br />

of Machiavelli's writings which deal with the same subj<strong>ec</strong>t. The<br />

prominence which is here given to the attack upon the mercenary<br />

system is quite natural, for the condition upon which a ' new prince'<br />

could alone be successful was the establishment of a national army.<br />

The great practical obj<strong>ec</strong>t of Machiavelli's life had been to establish a<br />

national militia at Florence, r<strong>ec</strong>ruited from the people themselves [see<br />

Historical Abstract, i5o5], and he laboured incessantly with this obj<strong>ec</strong>t.

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