The history of the popes, from the close of the middle ages : drawn ...

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14 HISTORY OF THE POPES.
Lenoncourt, Bertrand and Strozzi ; the Italians Pisani, Cesi,
Cristoforo del Monte, Simoncelli and Sermoneta for the most
part adhered to this party, and to a less reliable degree, Crispi,
Capodiferro and Dandino.^ To these sixteen French partisans
were opposed seventeen adherents of Spain. Their leader
was Ascanio Sforza di Santa Flora, as well as the Bishop of
Trent, Cristoforo Madruzzo. These two were followed by
Truchsess, Cueva, Pacheco, Carpi, Morone, Puteo, Ricci,
Corgna, Mercurio, Cornaro, Cicada, Saraceni, Medici, Gonzaga
and Rovere.2
According to the person put forward as candidate, these
party relations were more or less altered, but each of the two
parties was strong enough to prevent the election of an
undesirable candidate, although neither could of itself produce
the necessary majority of two-thirds of the votes. The
decision lay therefore with a third party, that of Cardinal
Carlo Carafa. The thirteen Cardinals created by the deceased
Pope, with the exception of Strozzi and Bertrand, all belonged
to it, that is to say, the two relatives of Paul IV., Alfonso and
Diomede Carafa, the three members of religious orders in the
Sacred College, the Dominican Ghislieri, the Franciscan
Dolera, and the Theatine Scotti, and, in addition, Rebiba,
Capizuchi, Reumano, Gaddi and Vitelli. All these were
thoroughly ecclesiastically-minded men, which made it all the
more surprising that they should have allied themselves to
such an unworthy person as Carlo Carafa. The party of the
Carafa was also soon strengthened by Alessandro Farnese and
his three adherents, his brother Ranuccio Farnese, Savelli and
Innocenzo del Monte.
A letter written in October, 1559, by the Duke of Paliano,
is characteristic of the position of the Carafa family at the
1 MiJLLER, 70 seqq.
2 Ibid., 76 seqq.
'*
Ibid., 90 seqq. A. Farnese assures the king of his devotion
in letters of September 4 and 5, which are addressed to Arding-
hello in Spain. After the election he justified his conduct in the
conclave to the Spanish king, and excused himself at the French
court. Caro, III., 265 seqq., 273 seqq.