The history of the popes, from the close of the middle ages : drawn ...

NUMBER OF CARDINALS IN CONCLAVE. 7
been increased by September 28th to forty-seven/ but by
October 12th it had fallen to forty- four, ^ in consequence of
illness, though it had risen to forty-eight^ by the 31st of the
month. Capodiferro died on December ist, and Dandino
on the 4th, while du Bellay and Saraceni returned to the city
on the advice of their physicians.* At the actual election,
therefore, only forty-four voters took part. Seven Cardinals
remained absent from the conclave altogether ; these were,
beside the Spaniard Mendoza and the Portuguese Prince Henry,
the five Frenchmen, Givry, Vendome, Odet de Chatillon,
Meudon, who died in November, and Charles of Lorraine who,
with his brother Francis, was acting as Regent for the king,
who was a minor. Cardinal Consiglieri had died on August
25th.
5
In order to maintain public order 400 men had been levied
for the defence of the Capitol by the magistrates, on August
23rd, and on the 24th 3,000 additional soldiers and 300 cavalry
were appointed to guard the city. •*
Long before the beginning of the conclave attention had
been directed to the approaching Papal election from many
different quarters. Paul IV. had especially sought to exclude
two Cardinals from attaining to the supreme dignity ; the
highly respected Cardinal Morone, whose faith, in the opinion
of the Pope, was not above suspicion, and the wealthy Cardinal
Ippolito d'Este, who had great experience in everything
connected with diplomacy, but who was completely unworthy.
^ Armagnac arrived on September 7, on the 8, Tournon, on the
II, Pruchsess, on the 14, Strozzi and Guise, on the 18, Ranuccio
Farnese, on the 28, Capizuchi. Bondonus, 519 seqq.
2 On September 20, Armagnac left the conclave, Capizuchi
on October 2, and Simoncelli on the 12. Bondonus, 519 seqq.
* By the arrival of Bertrand on October 25, and the return of
Simoncelli, Armagnac and Capizuchi on October 20, 30, and 31.
Bondonus, 524 seqq.
* Ibid., 526 seqq. Capodiferro died in the conclave, and Dandino,
who had left it on December i, in the city.
^ Massarelli, 335; Bondonus, 518.
* Guidus, 609.